BIOCHEM BASICSTHE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE
OUTLINE
Matter: Elements and Compounds
Atoms and their structure
Bonding
Chemical Reactions
IT’S ALL MATTER
ELEMENT
Substance the cannot be broken down into other substances.
28 man-made elements + possibly 6 more
COMPOUNDS
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
Twenty-five essential to life
Four make up 96% of ALL living matter
• N O C H
Remaining 4% calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur
TRACE ELEMENTS
UP AND ATOM!
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
DaltonsAtomic NumberAtomic Mass
ISOTOPES
Elements with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
ISOTOPES USED IN:
Dating fossils.
Tracing atoms.
Diagnostics.
ENERGY LEVELS OF ELECTRONS
ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION
Valence electrons/shell
Inert
ELECTRON ORBITALS
Three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.
BONDING
Covalent
Sharing of valence electrons
POLAR AND NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS
Unequal sharing
IONIC BONDS
IONIC BONDS
IONIC COMPOUNDS - SALTS
WEAK BONDSHydrogen bonds
Van de Waal interactions
HYDROGEN BONDS
VAN DER WAALS INTERACTIONS
Unequally distributed molecules that form “hot spots” of positive or negative charge.
CHEMICAL REACTION
MAKING AND BREAKING BONDS