HOTEL FOOD ORDERING APPLICATION

USING QR CODE

NUR FATIN HANIM BINTI AZMI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTING SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2019

DECLARATION

I’am Nur Fatin Hanim binti Azmi, the matric number BTCL18051681 hereby declare that,

this thesis entitled Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR Code is a record of an original

work done by under the guidance of Dr Nur Farraliza binti Mansor, my supervisor and

lecturer at Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA.

(Nur Fatin Hanim binti Azmi)

Date : ……………………….

i

CONFIRMATION

This project report entitle Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR Code by Nur Fatin

Hanim binti Azmi , matric number BTCL18051681 has been satisfactory in terms of scope,

quality and presentation as a partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor of Computer

Science (Internet Computing) with Honours in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA).

(Dr. Nur Farraliza binti Mansor )

Date : ………….………………

ii

DEDICATION

Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah S.W.T. for giving me the opportunity to complete

this thesis for my final year project entitled Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR

Code. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nur Farraliza binti

Mansor for guiding me to complete this thesis, for the kindness and motivation towards this

project.

I would like also to sincerely thank you for all the lecturers that directly or indirectly

involved in my thesis writing and guiding me in studying at UniSZA. Last but not least, a

special thanks goes to my family for endless support and encouragement throughout my

studies.

iii

ABSTRACT

Hotel Food Ordering Application Using QR Code Technology is a real time ordering to

manage the order process for hotel. This app helps customers to order without having to wait

for the waiters to serve them. The current system is using traditional way which is took order

system using paper, cause the order missing and not manage properly to record the orders of

customers. The traditional ordering system brings inconvenience to both staffs and customers

as it requires a lot of manual work. They do not have a proper ordering system to support and

make the ordering process smoothly. Nowadays, smartphone and tablet have widely used in

our daily life. By having this ordering application, the time of placing order has reduced. Our

proposed application is Hotel Food Ordering Application using QR Code that enables ease

for the customers. Therefore, this application is developed to provide an electronic ordering

system using mobile and tablet for customers in order to increase the hotel productivity. By

using this application, customers just captures QR Code on the table in each room's hotel for

ordering food. After placing an order, it will be send through to the kitchen. People can easily

scan the QR code by their smartphone. This new ways of ordering will ultimately save time

for the waiter to take up orders and this application improves the method of taking the order

from customer. In addition, owner hotel can add or manage their food menus and get

notification the ordering food has been send to the customers.

iv

ABSTRAK

Aplikasi tempahan makanan hotel menggunakan kod QR Teknologi adalah pesanan masa

nyata untuk menguruskan proses pesanan untuk hotel. Aplikasi ini membantu pelanggan

membuat pesanan tanpa perlu menunggu para pelayan untuk melayani mereka. Sistem

semasa menggunakan cara tradisional yang mengambil sistem pesanan menggunakan kertas,

menyebabkan pesanan hilang dan tidak mengurus dengan betul untuk merakam pesanan

pelanggan. Sistem pesanan tradisional membawa kesulitan kepada kedua-dua kakitangan dan

pelanggan kerana memerlukan banyak kerja manual. Mereka tidak mempunyai sistem

pesanan yang betul untuk menyokong dan membuat proses pesanan dengan lancar. Pada

masa kini, telefon pintar dan tablet telah digunakan secara meluas dalam kehidupan seharian

kita. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini, masa meletakkan pesanan telah dikurangkan.

Permohonan yang dicadangkan kami adalah Permohonan Pemesanan Makanan Hotel

menggunakan Kod QR yang memudahkan pelanggan. Oleh itu, aplikasi ini dibangunkan

untuk menyediakan sistem pesanan elektronik menggunakan mudah alih dan tablet untuk

pelanggan untuk meningkatkan produktiviti hotel. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini,

pelanggan hanya menangkap Kod QR di atas meja di setiap bilik hotel untuk memesan

makanan. Setelah membuat pesanan, ia akan dihantar ke dapur. Orang boleh mengimbas kod

QR dengan mudah melalui telefon pintar mereka. Cara-cara baru ini akan menjimatkan masa

untuk pelayan untuk mengambil pesanan dan aplikasi ini meningkatkan kaedah mengambil

pesanan dari pelanggan. Di samping itu, hotel pemilik boleh menambah atau menguruskan

menu makanan mereka dan mendapat pemberitahuan bahawa tempahan makanan telah

dihantar kepada pelanggan.

v

CONTENTS

DECLARATION i

CONFIRMATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vi-viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES x

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Scope 3

1.5 Limitation of Work 4

1.6 Expected Result 4

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Existing Application System 5-6

2.3 Mobile Application 6

2.4 QR Code 6

2.5 Research from Previous Study 7-8

2.5.1 Wireless Food Ordering System 7-8

2.5.2 Point of Sale System 9-10

2.5.3 Online Ordering System 11-12

2.6 Research on Different Technique (Articles) 13

2.7 Existing System 14-16

2.8 Summary 17

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY 18

3.1 Background 18

3.2 System Development Methodology 18

3.2.1 Planning Phase 19

3.2.2 Design Phase 19

3.2.3 Implementation Phase 19

3.2.4 Testing Phase 20

3.2.5 Deployment Phase 20

3.2.6 Review Phase 20

3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement 20

3.3.1 Software Requirement 21

3.3.2 Hardware Requirement 22

3.4 Architectural Diagram 23

3.5 System Design and Modelling 24

3.5.1 Context Diagram (CD) 24

3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 25

3.5.2.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0 26

3.5.2.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0 27

3.5.2.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0 28

3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 29

3.6 Data Dictionary 30-32

3.7 Summary 33

3.8 Gantt Chart 33-34

3.9 References 35

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES TITLE PAGE

3.1 Agile Methodology 18

3.2 Architectural Diagram 23

3.3 Context Diagram 24

3.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 25

3.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0 26

3.6 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0 27

3.7 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0 28

3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram 29

ix

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Research on Different Technique (Articles) 13

2.2 Existing System 14-16

3.1 Software Requirements 21

3.2 Hardware Requirements 22

3.3 Data Admin 30

3.4 QR Code 30

3.5 Data Guest 31

3.6 Data Staff 31

3.7 Data Menu 32

3.8 Data Order 32

3.9 Gantt Cart 34

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Hotel Ordering Food using QR Code is an interactive mobile application will help

manager’s hotel to manage and controls their hotel. There are various facilities provided so

that the users of the application will get service effectively. This application helps the hotel to

do all functionalities more accurately and faster way. All they have to do is just scroll through

the menu and tap to place an order. The current system is using traditional way which is

paper menu and using paper sheets to record the orders of customers. Actually ordering is

generating the QR code whereas the tablet is used to scan the code and send order to kitchen.

Hence, one of the advantages of the food ordering system with QR code is customer

satisfaction. All the processing method of ordering in hotel increases efficiency and reduces

energy and time based on QR code without the need to the presence of waiter at the table by

eliminating some stages of traditional ordering. All the menu information will be save in the

database and admin can manage the menu items easily at any time or anywhere.

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1.2 Problem Statement

As mentioned previously, the existing system still using the traditional way which is

the paper menu and waiters require to record down orders information from customers by

handwriting. All the orders will be written on the paper sheets and will send to kitchen. The

traditional ordering system brings inconvenience to both staffs and customers as it requires a

lot of manual work. The manual work done by the staffs will cause some human errors such

as the probability of paper lost is high and the kitchen’s can misinterpret the handwriting of

order. Sometimes, when the staffs write in hurry will make the handwriting difficult to

understand. All these human errors will cause the customer dissatisfaction towards the

restaurant. Hence, the hotel will always receive complaint from customers which are not

satisfied with the services as they always receive the wrong order or not receive the order

after a very long time. Besides, the paper sheets easily lost. Futhermore, the manual system is

a waste of time and energy, this is because they need to go to the cafe to make an order write

down manually and wait for the order to be submitted. Customers do not know the time for

preparation for the food. Therefore, this restaurant ordering system is designed and

developed to help the restaurant to have a better management. By having this ordering

system, the time of placing order has reduced. The customers do not need to wait to be served

when they eat in the restaurant. The customers will be more satisfied at this ordering system.

One of the problems that faced by hotel that using traditional ordering system is the

difficulties to update the new menu. Paper menu can't be changed once printed. The

management can't easily update the new menu or the price on the paper menu. If they want to

change the menu, they have to reprint again. This will increase the cost and wastage of paper.

In addition to that, paper menu will damage from time to time.

Based on those problems, by implementing an electronic and efficient ordering

service can avoid those problems happen. Hence, I proposed to develop an ordering system

using QR code to solve the problems. By using the proposed system, the restaurant

productivity and customer satisfaction can be improved.

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1.3 Objectives

There are the following objectives must be achieved in this project:

o To analyze the current system features and problems before developing the new

proposed system.

o To design a user-friendly mobile application that will surely satisfied the guest

service.

o To develop mobile application using QR Code as a sensor feature to receive guest

order.

1.4 Scopes

The scope of this project divided into 4:

Guest - Customer

Guest able to check the food that available in hotel.

Guest scan the QR code on the table to order the menu.

Staff

Staffs serves and send the food to the room ordered by the guests.

Staffs are able to know whether the guests are already order the food or not.

Admin - Restaurants/Cafe/Stall owners

Admin will add new menu, delete menu and update the food menu

Admin can view the report

Admin generate the QR Code

4

1.5 Limitation of Work

The system does not include the online payment, but the guest will pay it after

checked out from the hotel.

This mobile application for android user only.

1.6 Expected Result

The expected result of the Hotel Food Ordering System after completing the

development is can achieve the target which is to help staff’s hotel to manage food ordering

easily and efficiently. Smart ordering is to enable real-time feedback between the staff’s hotel

and guests on the order status. This allowed the customers to know the preparation time of

their order. To make graphical user interfaces more friendly and easily for user to make food

ordering and easily for the admin to update and customize the menu content on the customer

devices. The staff’s hotel does not need to inform verbally to customers one by one anymore.

5

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter focused on the research that is directly or indirectly to the project. This

topic is important for the development stages or the project. It contains information that will

be implemented in this project. Analysis and observation from the existing system were made

during this stage. Based on experience and observation on restaurant/cafes I have found out

that hotel owners have the problem to manage their orders from using the manual system.

These methods of taking orders are proven to be time-consuming and redundancy of orders

always happens. Besides, guest complain on the bad service of the staff can give a bad

reputation to a hotel. So to solve this problem, understanding of the existing project is a must

to determine the best way to develop the project. A series guided steps must be taken in order

to ensure the success of the application.

2.2 Existing application and system

To develop a successful mobile application to order food via mobile phones studies

are being made based on existing application and system. The business flow of this

application is collected based on information gathered after installing and reviewing on how

the application actually works. A few samples of applications and systems related to this

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project were studied through. Studies of these applications are vital to develop a working,

reliable, hassle-free and efficient hotel food ordering application using QR Code.

2.3 Mobile Application

A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of application

software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer.

Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those accessed

on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited function. This use of

app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc. and its App Store, which offers

thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. A mobile application also

may be known as an app, web app, online app, iPhone app or smartphone app. The simplest

mobile apps take PC-based applications and port them to a mobile device. As mobile apps

become more robust, this technique is somewhat lacking. A more sophisticated approach

involves developing specifically for the mobile environment, taking advantage of both its

limitations and advantages. For example, apps that use location-based features are inherently

built from the ground up with an eye to mobile given that the user does not have the same

concept of location on a PC.

2.4 QR Code

QR Code means Quick Response Code, which was invented by Denso Wave in 1994,

a subsidiary of Toyota Japanese Corporation. It is the trademark for the type of matrix

barcode. QR code is defined by the ISO/IEC 18004 industrial standard. Normal barcodes had

information stored in horizontal dimension only and were limited in the amount of data they

could contain. Denso Wave developed this QR code as a way of holding information in both

horizontal and vertical dimensions; hence a QR code is able to accumulate 10 times more

information than a normal barcode. Statistically, QR codes are capable of symbolizing same

amount of data in approximately one tenth of the space of a traditional barcode. Information

such as URL, SMS, contact information and plain text and videos can also be embodied into

this two dimensional matrix. (Eulalia Rodríguez Fino*a , Jorge Martín-Gutiérreza, M.

Dolores Meneses Fernándezb, Enrique Armas Davarac, 2013).

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2.5 Research from previous study

2.5.1 Wireless Food Ordering System

Nowadays, internet is widely used in everywhere. People use internet to perform their tasks

every day, such as chat with family and friends, communicate with colleagues, search

information and many more. Internet is very convenient to the people as almost everything

can be done by internet. The telecommunication and internet has growth rapidly. There are

some industries starting to apply this technology into their business. This will help their

business be more efficient.

The user can access to data and services from a remote server, which will allow the user to

access the databases across the network or internet. Most of the handheld devices support this

wireless technology because they allow the user to access the database to retrieve the data.

People nowadays use mobile devices to work and access with data and information. It is

because the mobile devices are cheap and small. PDA which is Personal Digital Assistant is

the mobile device that suitable for business applications. They have the ability to access data

and information from remote locations (Khairunnisa, K et al, 2009).

In this ordering system, the waiters take the orders from the customers by using the PDA.

Then, the waiters will send the order to the kitchen via web-based wireless application. The

order of the customers will be displayed on a computer screen in the kitchen. The kitchen

staff will refresh the list when the food is ready to be served. The waiters will be informed

through the PDA. Then, they will serve the food to the respective table. This system will

increase the efficiency of the services as the waiters do not need to take an order using paper

anymore.

The strength of this system is the time in taking order has reduced. The waiter does no need

to walk to the customers and take the order from them. They also no need to walk back to the

kitchen to inform the chef what food has ordered. The customers can just make their order

through the PDA and the order will display in the kitchen. Especially during the peak hours

such as lunch time and dinner time, the customers do not need wait for a long time to be

served.

8

The weakness of this system is it does not support real-time feedback. The customers are not

allowed to provide their feedback after they finish their meal. It is because PDA can only use

to make their order. PDA does not provide any order status feedback to let the customers to

fill in.

This system and the proposed system have the similarity which is the time in taking order is

reduced. Both of this system do not need the customers wait to be served. They can place

order themselves using the system. The proposed system also does not support the real-time

feedback. If the customers want to give feedback, they need to speak directly to the staff.

9

2.5.2 Point of Sale System

Point of sale system which is also known as POS system, is a combination of hardware and

software that allows the staff to perform some tasks. There are a lot of businesses using this

system to operate their daily transactions including restaurants, hospitals and hotels.

POS system includes few hardware such as display pole, printer, handheld device, terminal

and cash register. Display pole is used to show the price of the item when the item is scanned.

Printer is used to print the receipt after the customers make their payment. Handheld device is

used to accept the credit card payments from the customers. Terminal is the main screen that

used to fill in the transaction details. Cash register is used to keep the cash. When the staff

receive the cash from the customers, they keep the money inside the cash register (“Software

Testing Help”, 2018).

When the customers go into the restaurant, they either make their order first at the counter or

wait to be served by the waiter. If the restaurant requires the customers to order first, they

need to queue up at the counter and make their order. Then, they only find their seats in the

restaurant. The another way is the customers find their seat when they reach the restaurant.

The waiter will serve the customers and help them to make the order

A restaurant might have more than one POS terminals. All terminals of the restaurant are

connected to a file server. The configurations and settings are done on the server, then send

back to the terminals. If the restaurant accepts credit card for the payment, third party

provider is involved to perform the credit card processing. The data will send to the bank or

third party when the staff perform credit card transaction.

The strength of this system is it can reduce the time of taking order. This also can improve

the satisfaction of the customers. By using this system, the duration of taking order is fast. It

also can reduce the mistakes that will be done by the staff. It allows the staff to track the sales

of the restaurant. The staff is allowed to generate daily and monthly sales report through this

system. The staff also can view the history of all orders.

Limitation of this system is the customers are tired of waiting on the queue. During the peak

hours such as lunch time and dinner time, there are a lot of customers in in the restaurant. The

customers need to wait for a long time to wait for their turn. Some of the customers might

lose their patience and walk out from the restaurant.

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The difference of this POS system and proposed system is POS system requires the

customers to queue up at the counter to make their order. This system also allowed to be used

by the staff only. The customers do not use the system directly, but they make the order

through the staff. However, the proposed system let the customers to use the system

themselves. They place their order themselves through the system.

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2.5.3 Online Ordering System

Internet is very famous and it plays a huge role in people’s life nowadays. People not only

use it for communication, they also use for education purpose, work purpose and many more.

Many company start to sell their items online because people nowadays like to purchase

items online. People also like to purchase items through internet as it brings a lot of

convenience to people.

Restaurant industry also started to make use of internet to attract more customers. Some of

the restaurant started to use online ordering system to let the customers to make their order.

When the customers make the order through the internet, the data and information will send

to the database of the restaurant. The order of the customers also will be displayed in the

screen of the restaurant.

This online ordering system brings convenience to customers. The customers can choose the

restaurant they like through the internet. They can view the menu of the restaurant and make

their order through the website. They have two options to choose to have their food, which

are delivery or pick up. If they choose delivery, the deliveryman of the restaurant will send

the food to the customer’s house. On the other hand, if the customer chooses pick up, the

customers can go to the restaurant to take their food. Payment of the food can be either cash,

credit card or PayPal.

The strength of this system is it is flexibility. The customers can order the food anytime and

wherever they are. The customers just need to access to the internet using mobile device or

laptop to make their order. They do not need to waste their time to walk in to the restaurant to

make their order. They also do not need to queue up in the restaurant. This has save the

customer’s time.

The limitation of this system is not all the people use internet. Some of the senior citizen does

not know how to use internet. Therefore, they are unable to access to the internet to make

their order. This system is unable to target all types of customers. Moreover, this system

relies on internet. If there is no internet connection or the service provider is under

maintenance, the customers are unable to access to the website. This will bring inconvenience

to the customers.

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The similarity of this system and proposed system is both of this systems using internet to let

the customers place order. The difference of both of this system is online ordering system is

used to make an order when you are lazy to eat in the restaurant. However, proposed system

is used when the customers make their order themselves when they go into the restaurant.

13

2.6 Research on Different Technique (Articles)

Table 2.1 : Research on Different Technique (Articles)

Author /

Year

Title Description Advantage

Ann

Janeth

Garcia1,

Danielle

Jaye

Agron1

and

Wansu

Lim2

(2018)

Android

Application in

Food

Ordering

System

This paper focus on develop

“cAPPeteria”, a food

ordering application where

the users can directly order

through, customize the food

quantity, confirm order and

generate a one-dimensional

barcode on device A,

controlled by the user, then

the simulated code is scanned

through device B, which will

scan and decode the

information encrypted to the

image from device A.

Using method android

application, one-dimensional

barcode

Improving the

existing

wireless food

ordering

system limits

the possible

complication

faced on

connecting to

an internet

based server

thus

increasing

mobility and

control to the

user.

John

D’Dono

van and

John

Dunnionv

(2014)

A Framework

for Evaluation

of

Information

Filtering

Techniques in

an Adaptive

Recommender

System

This paper focus on two

serious restrictions. Sparsity

restriction (two user have co-

rated many of the items in the

system) and Latency

Restriction (This affects new

or unique items).

Using method Filtering

Techniques: Collaborative

Filtering (CF).

Do not

require items

to be machine

analysable

Require little

knowledge

engineering

overhead.

14

2.7 Existing System

Table 2.2 : Existing System

No. Project Name Overview/Description Advantages

1. Sakae Sushi

iPad Ordering

System

Sakae Sushi Malaysia is a Japanese

Restaurant who has first launched

an iPad ordering system through an

interactive menu to offer customer

a new level of convenience and

interactivity ordering system.

The iPads are display at every table

on a metal holder.

This is a two-way communication

system which will send each

selected item directly goes to the

kitchen to process after

confirmation of customer then

customers are able

to continue choosing other items.

Customers are

able to search

their favourite

dish by typing

the specific

key words

and it will

show all the

items based

on the

specific key

words.

Provided a

real time

ordering and

billing

system.

Customers

able to keep

track on their

order and bill

easier

2. ChowNow

ChowNow is an online ordering

platform built for mobile and

Facebook.

Access

valuable data

for every

order's

15

To provide restaurants with an easy

way to offer online ordering to

customers via either their Facebook

page, branded mobile apps for

iPhone and iPad or their existing

web site.

ChowNow is offering restaurants a

wireless tablet to receive orders

and communicate back to the

customer when it will be ready.

receive and

get to know

customers

better than

ever.

Accept orders

and set ready

times through

Tablet. Use

Dashboard to

update menu

on the fly.

3. Yhofoodie

Yhofoodie is using a mobile scan

code order via android and ios

platform.

At present, we are operating a

systematic à la carte cafe.

The system will generate a separate

QR code for each table as a meal

window. Kitchen prints, service

messages, checkout orders, etc. are

all based on the table.

The restaurant also constantly

updates the menu so that customers

have new dishes from time to time.

All billed

billing

information is

saved in the

system for

easy inquiry

at any time.

This includes

viewing the

bill's revision

history,

operator

personnel,

operating

time, and

changing

bills.

The waiter

receives

customer's

order

16

information,

service bell

message and

more in time

through the

mobile phone.

17

2.8 Summary

Basically in this chapter several research have been done in order to have a deep

understanding of the method that is going to implement in proposed application. Besides a

review of related existing systems also have been done at this chapter. From the existing

system, we can have an idea of how the proposed application can be developed so that it is

functioning well and beneficial to all user.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Methodology is method used in develop a system and defined as a set of procedures.

This chapter will cover on methodology that used based on research that has been done. Hotel

Food Ordering Application using QR Code is using Agile methodology. This chapter will

fully explain to achieve the project's objectives that have been mention earlier in this research

report. Methodology is important part to make sure the system can be accomplished

successfully. This methodology has 6 phases which are Requirement Phase, Design Phase,

Development Phase, Testing Phase, Deployment Phase and Review Phase.

3.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

Agile Methodology

Figure 3.1 : Agile Methodolgy

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3.2.1 Requirement Phase

In this phase, the project title had been selected. The project title for the application

was Hotel Food Ordering Application using QR. This project started with brainstorming

ideas with supervisor and proposed the title of the project. An abstract and description of the

project module has also been done and attached. Besides, the Gantt chart also needed as a

guideline and references for the project. This phase is to analyse the existing application and

system also the article of the techniques or method that will be used for this project. In this

phase also get all the requirements that are needed to design and develop the new application.

Based on the collection of information through article, method and technique that is suitable

been decided.

3.2.2 Design Phase

In the design phase, all the data or requirement obtained during planning and analysis

phase transformed into the design. Diagrams to show the flow of the application will be

develop in this chapter such as Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level O

and 1, Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). These diagrams are designed as a guideline to

developing the system. Alter that, will be design the database and application interface.

3.2.3 Development Phase

This phase is where the design will implement into the coding. The application will

develop regarding the user and system requirement. In this project, to develop the application

will be use Android Studio, server for the database, JSON Code to code. This phase is a

critical phase because user part needed to be fulfils and to make sure the objectives

accomplish.

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3.2.4 Testing Phase

When all the module has be done as full application, the application testing has been

carried out. This testing phase will test the application to check the error and ensure the

function run well as a whole application. Any error or bugs will be fixed and repeated testing

the application until all the function can be used.

3.2.5 Deployment Phase

This phase is when the application has successfully done and fulfil all the objective.

The application can be deployed and finally the application will be publish to the user for use

as their need.

3.2.6 Review Phase

This phase also get feedback and review form user for the maintenance. In this phase

will follow-up with user to upgrade the application to another version in the future.

3.3 Software and Hardware Requirements

In this application development process, there are two requirement that need to be fulfilled

which are software requirement and hardware requirement. This is important to ensure the

development of the project went well and for future references.

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3.3.1 Software Requirements

List of the software needed for the development:

Table 3.1 : Software requirements

No. Software Description

1. Android studio Used to code the program of the project. It

debugs and run, tests the application.

2. Notepad++ Used code the program, especially

connection application to database

3. Java, XML, PHP Programming language

4. Firebase Database Database for system

5. Microsoft word 2010 Use to do the documentation of application.

6. Google Chrome A browse to run

7. FIK Hosting (Php) This software used to create system

database application.

Programming language

22

3.3.2 Hardware Requirements

List of the software needed for the development:

Table 3.2 : Hardware requirements

No. Hardware Description

1. Laptop Acer

2. Processor Intel Core i3-4030U @ 1,90GHz

3. Memory 4 GB RAM

4. Operating System Windows 10

5. System Type 64-bit operating system

6. Pen Drive Orchid 8GB

7. Android Mobile Phone Used to run, deploy and testing

application.

Huawei

23

3.4 Architectural Diagram

Figure 3.2 : Architectural Diagram

Architectural diagram gave us a better understanding of how the application will

work. Firstly, guest that need to scan the QR code on the table of the room with their phone.

They can view the menu as soon as they have finished scan.

Secondly, the menu view and they can choose the meal they want and then click to

submit an order. The order they have made will be sent to the kitchen and will be view the

guest order has been received.

The kitchen will prepare the guest order. Lastly, the staff will be served the meal to

the guest room.

24

3.5 System Design and Modelling

3.5.1 Context Diagram

The figure show 3.3 the context diagram (CD) of the application. This CD describe

about overview of the system work. There are three entities involved that are guest, staff and

admin. The guest has to scan the QR Code to make an order. Then, the order will be sent

through to the kitchen.

While the staff site, after finished the order that will be sent to the guest room. The

admin have to manage the menu in the application. Admin can add menu, update menu and

delete menu.

Figure 3.3 : Context Diagram

25

3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram

The figure shows 3.4 the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of application in more detail.

The application carried out of five processes. The core of this application in the fifth process.

The fifth process includes three entities which are guest, staff and admin. The ability of guest

only can make an order that has to scan the QR Code while staff and admin can update the

data beside know the process. The first process is log in for admin and staff. The second

process, admin can manage their menu and generate the QR Code for user scan QR Code to

make an order. The admin can manage their menu such as add, delete and update the menu.

Then, restore it to data menu. Fourth process, the guest need scan QR Code to make an order.

The order detail will be sent through to the kitchen for a view, while staff can get the order

detail to send the order to guest room. Lastly, the application will generate the report and

admin will retrieve all report from the application.

Figure 3.4 : Data Flow Diagram Level 0

26

3.5.2.1 DFD Level 1 Process 2.0

Based on figure 3.5, admin can manage menu. The menu detail will be stored in table

menu and it can be appear in the application for user to view. Admin also can add, update and

delete the menu detail.

Figure 3.5 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 2.0

27

3.5.2.2 DFD Level 1 Process 3.0

Based on figure 3.6, admin can manage QR Code. The QR Code detail will be stored

in table QR Code and it can be appear in the application for user to scan. Admin also can add,

and delete the QR Code detail.

Figure 3.6 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 3.0

28

3.5.2.3 DFD Level 1 Process 4.0

Based on figure 3.7, the guest can make an order. The order detail will be stored in

table order. The guest can make an order and it will be send through to the kitchen. Guest

also can add, update and delete the order detail.

Figure 3.7 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Process 4.0

29

3.5.3 Entity Relationship Diagram

The figure shows 3.8 the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) for this application. ERD is a

data modelling technique that can help define business processes and can be utilized as the

basis a relational database. In this application, the developer need to create six of entities

represented five tables into database. Each entity has their owned attributes shown in figure.

The relationship between entities explains the process that will carry out by every entity. This

entity relationship diagram also explains the data that needed to run application successfully.

The figure also shown the different role between guest, staff and admin in more detail.

Figure 3.8 : Entity Relationship Diagram

30

3.6 Data Dictionary

In this section, the basic structure of the tables composing the database for the project

is shown along with information about primary and foreign keys.

Table 3.3 shows admin have 4 attributes with Admin_ID as the primary key and QR

Code_ID as a foreign key.

Table of 3.3 : Table of Data Admin

Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark

Admin

Name

Name of Admin VARCHAR 100

Admin_ID ID of Admin VARCHAR 10 PK

QR Code_ID Identification of

QR Code

VARCHAR 100 FK

Password

Password admin

to Login

VARCHAR 50

Table 3.4shows QR Code have one attributes with QR Code_ID as the primary key.

Table of 3.4 : Table of QR Code

Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark

QR Code

QR Code_ID Identification of

QR Code

TEXT 100 PK

Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 PK

31

Table 3.5 shows guest have one attributes with Room_ID as the primary key.

Table of 3.5 : Table of Data Guest

Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark

Guest Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 PK

Table 3.6 shows staff have 5 attributes with Staff_ID as a primary key while Room_ID and

Order_ID as a foreign key.

Table of 3.6 : Table of Data Staff

Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark

Staff

Name

Name of Staff VARCHAR 100

Staff_ID ID of Staff VARCHAR 10 PK

Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 FK

Password

Password staff

to Login

VARCHAR 50

Order_ID ID of Order VARCHAR 10 FK

32

Table 3.7 shows menu have 5 attributes with Menu_ID as the primary key and QR Code_ID

as a foreign key.

Table of 3.7 : Table of Data Menu

Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark

Menu

Menu_ID

ID of Menu INT 10 PK

Price Price of Menu VARCHAR 100

Category Category of

Menu

VARCHAR 100

Name

Name of Menu

VARCHAR 100

Table 3.8 shows order have 7 attributes with Order _ID as a primary key while Menu_ID and

Room_ID as a foreign key.

Table of 3.8 : Table of Data Order

Entity Attribute Description Data Type Length Remark

Order

Order_ID

ID of Order INT 10 PK

Price Price of Menu VARCHAR 100

Type Type of Menu VARCHAR 100

Menu_ID

ID of Menu INT 10 FK

Room_ID ID of Room VARCHAR 10 FK

Date Date of Order

Submitted

DATE 50

Time Time of Order TIME 50

Staff_ID ID of Staff VARCHAR 10 FK

33

3.7 Summary

This chapter describe the methodology for development of the apps. Methodology is very

important in development. In this project, waterfall model software development method is

used as a guide to build the project. Each phase already explained for better understanding.

Besides, software and hardware requirements also explained in this chapter.

3.8 Gantt Cart

Gantt charts are user for planning and scheduling projects. Assess how long a project should

take determine the resources needed, and plan the order to complete tasks. Table 3.10 shows

a gantt chart for this project.

Table 3.9 : Gantt Cart

34

NO ACTIVITIES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1 Topic Discussion and Determination

2 Project Title Proposal

3 Proposal Writing – Introduction

4 Proposal Writing – Literature Review

5 Proposal Writing (Continued)

6 Proposal Progress Presentation and Panel’s Evaluation

7 Methodology Workshop

8 Proposal Writing - Methodology

9 Final Year Project Format Writing Workshop

10 Drafting Report of Proposal

11 Submit Draft of Report to Supervisor

12 Preparation for Final Presentation

13 Final Presentation and Panel’s Evaluation

14 Final Report Submission

WEEK

35

REFERENCES

[1]https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-

dec2015/paper1.pdf/

[2]http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/

[3]http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/

[4]https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-

for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/

[5]https://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHW

zR2TnKUZRRoSkegUWCtcAGYV8h_Y5M

[6]John O’Donovan and John Dunnionv (2014). “A Framework for Evaluation of

Information Filtering Techniques in an Adaptive Recommender System”. Conference

Paper in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, August 2004, dol:10.1007978-3-540-

246305_62

https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-dec2015/paper1.pdf/https://iaiest.com/dl/journals/8%20IAJ%20of%20Innovative%20Research/v2-i12-dec2015/paper1.pdf/http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/http://www.yhofoodie.com/product/selfhelp.html/http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/12526/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/02/chownow-launches-as-a-food-ordering-platform-for-restaurants-on-facebook-and-ios/https://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHWzR2TnKUZRRoSkegUWCtcAGYV8h_Y5Mhttps://www.sakaesushi.com.my/?fbclid=IwAR2Aqzqi500M9wQ8cU4xNKfrxGFHWzR2TnKUZRRoSkegUWCtcAGYV8h_Y5M