House of History

Museum: This Way

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Welcome to the House of History

Thank you for choosing to visit the

Civil War Exhibit.

To Exhibit

The Civil War

A House Divided

Let us take a step back in time to a time period in the United States where states

were fighting over one major issue. SLAVERY

Please step through our

magic door. It will take you to the early

1800’s. Enjoy the tour.

While you are waiting for the show to begin. Enjoy this brief

skit.

Got Caveman?

Are you ready to begin?

The tour starts at a time period prior to

1820. During this part of the tour, you will

learn some background

information about slavery.

The South had two major cash crops ( A crop you sell

to make money): Cotton and Tobacco

Southerners believed that the only way to

harvest the cash crops and still make money was

to use slave labor.

Many Years prior to the Civil War, colonists began bringing slaves to the new land to work the fields and other

jobs.

Colonists began bringing slaves to the new land to work

the fields and other jobs.

Slaves were mostly used in the South to work on plantations.

View Cotton Production Handout

The following part of the exhibit will allow you to see slaves up close and personal. We will be

your tour guides. Our names are Casey Dea and Sam Pull

Isn’t that

terrible?

Did you know that the North and the

South had one major difference.

South = Agricultural based economy = The need for slaves

North = Industrial Economy = The need for factory workers

And so it

begins

Year: 1820

Debate: Missouri and Maine want to become states.

Problem: First time slavery has really been discussed in congress.

Solution: Missouri Compromise

What was the Missouri

Compromise?•Missouri entered as a slave state.•Maine entered as a free state.

•The rest of the Louisiana territory would be divided by a line. No slavery would be allowed in the states north of that line.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

Missouri Compromise Line

Henry Clay – Kentucky- Author of the Missouri

Compromise

Problem

solved?

What do you mean

it’s not solved?

Background: 1850 there were 15 free states and 15 slave states.

Problem: California wants to be a state.

Solution: Compromise of 1850

What was the Compromise of 1850?

•California joins the Union as a free state.•In the rest of the territory from Mexico, people would decide whether or not to allow slavery. This is called popular sovereignty.•Slave trade was banned in Washington D.C.•Congress would pass the Fugitive Slave Law.

The Compromise of 1850

The differences between the

North and the South are

becoming more clear because of

the conflict between free

and slave states.

Did anyone try to stop slavery?

Abolitionists tried to stop

slavery.

What is an abolitionist?

An abolitionist is someone like me who

wants to abolish

slavery. That means to do away with slavery.

During this part of the

tour, you will see some of

the abolitionists

who fought to end slavery.

Harriet Tubman

William Lloyd Garrison

The Liberator was an anti-

slavery newspaper.

•Garrison believed that all slaves should be released immediately.

•1833: Garrison and other abolitionists met in Philadelphia to start the American Antislavery Society

Sarah and Angela Grimke: Their father was a South Carolina

slave owner.

The Grimke sisters shocked listeners with their firsthand

accounts of the evils of slavery.

Frederick Douglass: Escaped

Slave

The Narrative

Life of Frederick Douglass

Douglass gave

lectures about the

evils of slavery. He became one of the first

great African American speakers.

I’m back. My name is Harriet Tubman and I

helped over 300 slaves escape on the Underground

Railroad. My nickname is

Moses.

Harriet Tubman

An American Hero

Here is a video about

the Underground

Railroad.

Underground Railroad

Key Points to know about Abolitionists

•Abolitionists tried to stop slavery.•Some of the main abolitionists were:

•William Lloyd Garrison•Grimke Sisters•Frederick Douglass•Harriet Tubman

You are now about to enter a new exhibit. It will show you the main causes of the Civil War as well as

other events that helped start the war. I hope you enjoy the exhibit.

Are you ready? Let’s go.

Cause Number OneHarriet

Beecher Stowe’s

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Stowe’s book told the story of a fictitious slave family. For the first time slave

life was explained in

human terms.Stowe was an

abolitionist.

Die in the Fiel'

This song’s lyrics was put in Uncle Tom’s

Cabin.

Effects of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

•North is shocked by the first hand descriptions of slavery.

•South resents being depicted as cruel slave owners.

1854

Moving on with the tour. The year is

now…

Stephen Douglas

I introduced a bill to

create the Kansas

Nebraska Territories

•Douglas knew that NO Southern congressman would vote to admit free territories. (That would mean

more anti-slavery states).

•He agreed to have the territories decided whether or not there will be slavery or not (Popular sovereignty).

Many northerners were upset with the Kansas Nebraska bill because

it went against the Missouri Compromise.

The bill was passed. It became known as the Kansas-Nebraska

Act. (1854)

Cause Number Two

Kansas-Nebraska Act/

Bleeding Kansas (1856)

Settlers from all over who were for

and against slavery rushed to Kansas to vote. Violence soon

broke out.

Settlers fighting in Kansas over

the issue of slavery.

John Brown

He killed five pro-slavery

people. He was not arrested.

May 1856: Violence

Spreads to Washington

D.C.

Preston Brooks

Charles Sumner

Vs.

Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave a speech entitled “The Crime Against Kansas.” He was attacked and beaten on the floor of

the Senate by Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina.

Can you believe he did that. It’s shocking I tell

you.

Effects of the Kansas-Nebraska

Act/Bleeding Kansas•More conflict was caused between Northerners and Southerners because they were able to take slavery into their own hands.

•The vote for or against slavery allowed extremists to force their will on innocent voters by using terrorism.

1857

Cause Number ThreeThe Dred Scott Decision.

Dred Scott : A slave who felt that he

should be free

because he lived in

a free state

(Wisconsin) for 4 years.

Scott’s case went all the way to the Supreme Court.

The Decision

2. Slaves are property. (Just like a pair of shoes)

1.Scott could not bring his case to court because he was not a citizen. (No slave is a citizen.)

3. Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional. Congress can’t decide where slavery can and cannot be.

•The North was furious because the U.S. Supreme Court said

slavery was acceptable in America.

•The South was extremely pleased with the decision. Slavery is now

allowed everywhere.

The Effects of the Dred Scott Decision

1858

Election for Illinois State Senator

Douglas Lincoln

Key Points of Election•Stephen Douglas defended the Dred Scott decision. (For decision)

•Abraham Lincoln opposed the Dred Scott decision. (Against decision)

•Stephen Douglas preaches popular sovereignty for the new territories.

•Lincoln gives his famous house divided speech and opposes slavery in the new territories.

A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and

half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall-but I do expect it will cease to be

divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.

-Abraham Lincoln (June 16, 1858)

And the winner is…..

Key Points to the senatorial election of

1858•Stephen Douglas wins the election.

•Abraham Lincoln loses the election.

•Abraham Lincoln impressed the Republican party so much, they want him to run for President in 1860.

1859

Cause Number Four

John Brown’s Raid

John Brown’s Raid: Harpers Ferry. Give weapons to slaves to revolt

against their masters.

Marines storming the fort where John Brown and his men are

located.

Key Points of John Brown’s Raid

•18 men attacked Harpers Ferry Virginia

•John Brown tried to get weapons to arm slaves for a massive uprising.

•Uprising is a slave owners worst nightmare.

•John Brown was stopped by Robert E. Lee

Brown was unsuccessful. He was hung for his crime.

The south knew now that the

abolitionists would do

anything to stop slavery.

John Brown's Last Prophecy

Charlestown, Va, 2nd, December, 1859

I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty, land: will never be purged away; but with

Blood.

John Brown’s Grave

The Effects of John Brown’s Raid•South was upset because the North turned John Brown into a hero. John Brown even had a song made about him.

1860

Cause Number FiveThe Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln:

Republican

John BreckinridgeDemocrat:

South

StephenDouglas

Democrat:North

Key Points to the Election of 1860•California 1850, Minnesota 1858, and

Oregon in 1859: Free states which gave the North the majority in the Senate.

•Free Soilers had the advantage in the House of Representatives.

•The South’s last hope was to have a pro-slavery president.

Will it happen?

And the Winner is….

Abe Lincoln

I’m the man! I won even though my name wasn’t on a single ballot in the South. A person in the

South couldn’t vote for me even

if they wanted to.

March 4, 1861: Lincoln’s Inauguration

A split in the vote between Douglas and Breckinridge allowed Lincoln to

win. The South was not happy.

The Effects of the Election of 1860•The North has a president who is

against slavery.

•The South is upset because now they have nothing. (Minority control in Congress as well as in the White House). The South believed that there is now an abolitionist in the White House and strongly believe that slavery will be outlawed.

•The South secedes (breaks away) from the Union.

SecessionSouth Carolina,

Georgia, Florida, Mississippi,

Louisiana, Alabama, and Texas left the

Union.

Jefferson Davis: President of the

Confederate States of America

I will protect all

government property.

April 12, 1861- Fort Sumter is attacked. The Civil War has

begun.

Pvt. Edmund Ruffin:

I fired the first shot at Fort

Sumter.

Song Activity

The sides have been chosen. Now for the conclusion of the tour. As you leave you will see some of the soldiers who fought so bravely in

the American Civil War.

http://www.civilwar-pictures.com/g/confederate-soldiers-officers/john_white?full=1

http://www.civilwar-pictures.com/g/confederate-soldiers-officers/john_roberts?full=1

Before you leave, here is a little preview of what you might see

in the Civil War Exhibit.

The tour is over. I hope you enjoyed the exhibit. Please tell

your friends about it.

Come again sometime.