HOUSING STOCK, AMENITIES & ASSETS IN SLUMS - CENSUS 2011

Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI

REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER,

INDIA

A Slum in Delhi

Definition of a Slum

A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health.

Identification of Slums in Census

• For the purpose of Census, slums have been categorized and defined as of the following three types:

• Notified Slums

• Recognized Slums

• Identified Slums

All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’

• Notified Slums

• Recognized Slums

• Identified Slums

Identification of Slums

All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been formally notified as slum under any act

• Notified Slums

• Recognized Slums

• Identified Slums

Identification of Slums

A compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities (Identified).

• Notified Slums

• Recognized Slums

• Identified Slums

Identification of Slums

Data on Slum from Census

• It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting and Housing Census are being released

• In Census 2001, information on Slums were released only on demographic characteristics based on the Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of 20,000 by the local authorities at the time of Population Enumeration phase

• In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in all statutory towns irrespective of population size.

Census 2011 Results

• Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns in Census 2011 Slums reported from 2,543 Towns (63%)

• Total Slum Enumeration Blocks (SEBs) in Census 2011 is about 1.08 lakh in the country

• Largest number of Slum EBs reported from Maharashtra (21,359)

Towns Reporting SlumsIndia : Census 2011

• Notified Slums 37,072

• Recognised Slums 30,846

• Identified Slums40,309

Total: 1,08,227 Blocks

Number of Slum Blocks by Type of Slums – India :

Census 2011

• Notified Slums 49.65 lakh HHs

• Recognised Slums 37.96 lakh HHs

• Identified Slums49.88 lakh HHs

Total: 137.49 lakh HHs

Households by Type of Slums – India : Census

2011

Slum & Non-Slum Households

– India 2011 Indicator Number of

households(in lakh)

Total (Urban) 789Slum 137Non-Slum 652

Number of households (in %)Slum 17.4Non-Slum 82.6

Number of Slum Households in Million Plus Cities Indicator Number

Number of Slum Households (in lakh)

Total (Slum) 137Slum in Million Plus Cities 52Slum in other Cities 85

Number of Slum Households (in %)

Slum in Million Plus Cities 38.1Slum in other Cities 61.9

38 % of the slum households are in 46 Million Plus Cities

Top/Bottom 5 States Reporting Slum

Households

StateProportion of Slum HHs to Urban HHs

(%)

Andhra Pradesh 35.7Chhattisgarh 31.9Madhya Pradesh 28.3Odisha 23.1West Bengal 21.9

Top 5 States

Bottom 5 States

StateProportion of Slum HHs to

Urban HHs (%)

Chandigarh# 9.7Gujarat 6.7Jharkhand 5.3Assam 4.8Kerala 1.5

Percentage of

Slum HHs to Total Urban HHs

Proportion of Slum Households in Metros - 2011

Million Plus CitiesProportion of Slum HHs to Total Urban

HHs (%)

Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3Kolkata (M Corp.) 29.6Chennai (M Corp.) 28.5Delhi Municipal Corp (U) 14.6BBMP (M Corp.) 8.5

Million Plus Cities with High Proportion of Slum HHs (Top

10 only) - 2011Million Plus Cities Proportion of Slum HHs to

Total Urban HHs (%)

1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp. 44.1

2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB) 43.3

3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3

4. Vijayawada (M Corp.) 40.6

5. Meerut (M Corp.) 40.0

6. Raipur (M Corp.) 39.0

7. Nagpur (M Corp.) 34.3

8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC) 31.9

9. Kota (M Corp.) 31.8

10. Agra (M Corp.) 29.8

INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh)

Use of Census House Urban SlumTotal Occupies Census Houses 990 160Residence 761 133Residence-cum-other use 24 3.9Shop/Office 107 10.8School/College, etc 4 0.5Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 4 0.4Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 3 0.3Factory/ Workshop, etc 15 2Place of worship 6 0.9Other non-residential use 59 8Locked Census Houses 7 1

Use of Occupied Census HousesIndia : 2011

INDIA (in %)

Use of Census House Urban SlumTotal Occupies Census Houses 100.0 100.0Residence 76.9 82.5Residence-cum-other use 2.4 2.4Shop/Office 10.8 6.7School/College, etc 0.4 0.3Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 0.4 0.2Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 0.3 0.2Factory/ Workshop, etc 1.5 1.2Place of worship 0.6 0.6Other non-residential use 6.0 5.1Locked Census House 0.7 0.6

Use of Occupied Census HousesIndia : 2011

A Lane in a Slum

Households by Type of Census Houses – India

Type Urban Slum

Permanent 84.3 77.7

Semi-permanent 11.6 16.0

Temporary 3.2 5.3

Any other 0.9 1.0

HHs (in %)

Slum Household

s by Structure of Census Houses

(Permanent)

View of a Slum in Delhi

Households by Number of Room – India

Number of Room Urban Slum

No exclusive room 3.1 4.4

One room 32.1 44.8

Two room 30.6 29.5

Three room 18.4 12.3

Four room 9.3 5.4

Five rooms and above 6.5 3.5

HHs (in %)

Households by Household Size– India

Household Size Urban Slum

1 member 3.6 3.7

2 members 9.5 9.5

3 members 15.9 14.9

4 members 26.4 25.1

5 members 18.5 19.4

6 to 8 members 20.6 22.2

9 and above members 5.4 5.2

HHs (in %)

Households by Number of Married Couples – India

Number of married couples Urban Slum

None 12.7 13.6

1 71.1 72.1

2 12.6 11.3

3 2.8 2.4

4 0.6 0.5

5 and above 0.2 0.1

HHs (in %)

Households by Ownership Status – India

Ownership Status of Census House Urban Slum

Owned 69.2 70.2

Rented 27.5 26.3

Others 3.3 3.5

HHs (in %)

Source of Drinking Water – India

Source of drinking water Urban Slum

1. Tap 70.6 74.0

From treated source 62.0 65.3

From untreated source 8.6 8.7

2. Well 6.2 3.0

3. Hand pump 11.9 12.7

4. Tube well / Borehole 8.9 7.6

5. Other sources 2.5 2.8

HHs (in %)

Waiting for Water Supply

Location of Drinking Water Source– India

Location Urban Slum

1. Within premises 71.2 56.7

2. Outside premises 28.8 43.3

HHs (in %)

Slum HHs by Location

Drinking Water Source (Within

premises)

Source of Lighting– India

Source of lighting Urban Slum

1. Electricity 92.7 90.5

2. Kerosene 6.5 8.2

3. Solar 0.2 0.3

4. Other oil 0.1 0.2

5. Any other 0.2 0.2

6. No lighting 0.3 0.5

HHs (in %)

Slum HHs by Fuel Used for Cooking

(LPG/PNG)

Availability of Bathing Facility within Premises - India

Bathing Facility Urban Slum

1. Have facility 87.0 81.0

(a) Bathroom 77.5 66.6

(b) Enclosure without roof 9.5 14.5

2. Does not have facility 13.0 19.0

HHs (in %)

Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water Outlet– India

Drainage connectivity Urban Slum

1. Closed drainage 44.5 36.9

2. Open drainage 37.3 44.3

3. No drainage 18.2 18.8

HHs (in %)

Type of Latrine Facility– India

Type of latrine Urban Slum

1. Latrine within the premises 81.4 66.0

(a) Water closet 72.6 57.7

(b) Pit latrine 7.1 6.2

© Other latrine 1.7 2.2

2. No latrine within premises 18.6 34.0

(a) Public latrine 6.0 15.1

(b) Open 12.6 18.9

HHs (in %)

Availability of Kitchen– India

Availability of kitchen Urban Slum

Total 100.0 100.0

1. Cooking inside house: 95.8 94.1

(a) Has kitchen 77.8 65.3

(b) Does not have kitchen 18.0 28.8

2. Cooking outside house 3.7 5.4

(a) Has kitchen 1.6 2.0

(b) Does not have kitchen 2.0 3.4

3. No cooking 0.5 0.5

HHs (in %)

Fuel used for Cooking– India

Fuel used for cooking Urban Slum

1. Fire-wood 20.1 25.82. Crop residue 1.4 1.63. Cow dung cake 1.7 2.14. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2.9 3.95. Kerosene 7.5 14.06. LPG/ PNG 65.0 51.37. Electricity 0.1 0.1

8. Biogas 0.4 0.5

9. Any other 0.2 0.3

10. No cooking 0.5 0.5

HHs (in %)

Households Availing Banking Services– India

Availing Banking Services Urban Slum

1. Availing 67.8 53.2

2. Not availing 32.2 46.8

HHs (in %)

Household Possessing Various Assets – India

Asset Urban Slum

1. Radio/Transistor 25.3 18.72. Television 76.7 69.6

3. Computer 18.7 10.4With Internet 8.3 3.3Without Internet 10.4 7.1

HHs (in %)

Household Possessing Various Assets– India

Asset Urban Slum

5. Telephone 82.0 72.7Landline only 5.9 4.4Mobile only 64.3 63.5Both 11.7 4.8

6. Bicycle 41.9 40.27. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped 35.2 22.08. Car/Jeep/Van 9.7 3.6

9. None of the specified assets 7.0 10.7

HHs (in %)

63.5% HHs in Slums in India

has Mobile

Slum HHs Having

None of the Specified

Assets

Life in a Slum

Life in a Slum

THANK YOU

For more details visit:

censusindia.gov.in