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How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

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How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain? Emel Aktas Z Topaloglu, T van ‘t Wout, A Oledinma, Z Irani, A Sharif, S Huda, 6 May 2016 Presented at POMS 27 th Annual Conference, Orlando, FL. May 6 - 9 2016 This publication was made possible by NPRP grant # [NPRP 7-1103-5-156] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.
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Page 1: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Emel AktasZ Topaloglu, T van ‘t Wout, A Oledinma,Z Irani, A Sharif, S Huda,

6 May 2016

PresentedatPOMS27th AnnualConference,Orlando,FL.May6- 92016

ThispublicationwasmadepossiblebyNPRPgrant#[NPRP7-1103-5-156]fromtheQatarNationalResearchFund(amemberofQatarFoundation).Thestatementsmadehereinaresolelytheresponsibilityoftheauthors.

Page 2: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Agenda§ Key Definitions § Background on Qatar § SAFE-Q Project Overview § Literature Review§ Methodology§ Preliminary Findings§ Conclusion and

Future Work

© Cranfield University 2

Page 3: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Key Definitions

§ Food Loss: decrease in quantity or quality of food.

§ Food waste: removal from the Food Supply Chain of food which is fit for consumption, or which has spoiled or expired, mainly due to§ economic behaviour, § poor stock management or § neglect.

© Cranfield University 3

Source:FAO,2014.DefinitionalFrameworkofFoodLoss.http://www.fao.org/3/a-at144e.pdf

Page 4: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Costs of Food Waste

© Cranfield University 4Source:https://twitter.com/FAOnews/status/712735734340444161

LossofWetlandsIncreasedFoodPrices

ClearedForests

ClimateChangeDamages

ErodedLandGHGEmissions

LossofBiodiversityIncreasedWaterScarcity

Page 5: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Country Info and Food Profile

© Cranfield University 5

§ Area: 4468 sq mi (11,586 km2) § Compare: Orlando: 4,012 sq mi (10,390 km2)

§ Climate: arid with mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

§ Population (2016 est.): 2,545,603§ Doha (capital) 956,460

§ GDP (2014 est.): $298.4 billion (49th)§ GDP per Capita (2014 est.): $145,894 (1st)§ Human Development Index (2014): 0.850 (very high, 32nd)

Source:AOAD2013,ArabAgriculturalStatisticsYearBook,Alpen Capital,CIRSGeorgetownUniversity,Qatar.

Source:GoogleMaps

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar,dateretrieved:10Apr16

90%imported

Page 6: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Food Availability in Qatar

© Cranfield University 6

§ Imports > 90% of food consumed in country

Source:http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/qatar/210036/saudi-export-ban-triggers-egg-shortage-fears

Page 7: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Efforts to improve food security

© Cranfield University 7

Source:http://dohanews.co/expert-to-improve-food-security-gcc-should-reduce/

Sourcehttp://www.crikey.com.au/2011/06/16/foreign-ownership-of-aussie-land-the-peril-of-selling-the-farm/

http://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/2013/12/land-grabbing-food-security-future-challenges-qatar

agricultural overseas projects in Cambodia, Philippines, Pakistan, Indonesia and Vietnam.

Page 8: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Food security

Food security exists “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life”.

World Food Summit, 1996

© Cranfield University 8

Page 9: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Pillars of food security

§ Food availability: sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis

§ Food access: having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet

§ Food use: appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation

§ Stability of the above

© Cranfield University 9

Page 10: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Food security & SAFE-Q

© Cranfield University 10

Page 11: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Qatar: The Food Waste Situation

© Cranfield University 11

Source:https://twitter.com/Baladiya1/status/712204321954385920 The mountain of condemned food is equivalent to the weight of more than 10 fully-loaded Toyota Land Cruisers.

Page 12: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Scope of SAFE-Q

© Cranfield University 12

Wasteatthisstageisgeneratedbydifferentcausesincludingbutnotlimitedtopurchasers’qualitystandards,weatherconditions,storageissues,etc.Similarconsiderationsapplyforprocessingwherethenatureofthetransformationprocess,qualityassuranceandotherfactorsmayaffectwastagegeneration.However,thispartofthesupplychainisnotaddressedintheproject.

Consumers’purchasehabits,availablestoragefacilityandoriginalqualityofthepurchasedfoodlargelyaffectthequantityofgeneratedwaste.

Thecoldchain,transportconditions,qualitydegradationoftheproductduringtransportduetotheelapsedtimeandtransportconditionsinfluencethewastegenerationinthisstage.

Mostofthefoodwasteisgeneratedduringsomestoragephaseintheprocess.Interruptioninthecoldchainarenotoriouscasesofwastage,butpoorhandlingofthegoodsalsosubstantiallycontributetowastagegeneration.

Production

Processing

Transport

Consumption

Wastage

Storage

Distribution

Page 13: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Literature review § Estimated that over half of the municipal waste contains food in Qatar

(The Peninsula, 2013)§ No previous in depth studies conducted on consumer food waste in

Qatar.

In literature, causes of food waste at the demand side, included issues related to e.g.:

§ Purchase and storage § Packaging§ Planning§ Labelling§ Preparation and cooking of food § Portion and plate size § Consumer views, habits, values and practices § Lack of awareness and undervaluation of food§ Socio-economic factors

© Cranfield University 13

Page 14: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

SAFE-Q methodology

2015 2016 2017

14

Page 15: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Workshop Methodology

1. Discussion in groups2. Using post-its to

denote causes of food waste

3. Prioritising elicited causes

4. Identifying causes under the PESTLE categorisation

© Cranfield University 15

Page 16: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Interview Methodology

§ Semi-structured interviews with participants on § demand side§ supply side§ governmental organisations and § nongovernmental organisations

© Cranfield University 16

Datacollectionfrominterviews

Dataanalysis:elicitationof

causes

Datasynthesis:elicitation of

cause-effectmaps

Page 17: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Causes Identified during Interviews by Participants

© Cranfield University 17

PoorPlanning TransportationDamagesPortionSize OversupplyCulture LifestyleBuyingandstoringmorethannecessary LabelingPurchasingHabits CookingaccidentsOpenBuffet Stockcontrol(includingrotation)QualityofFood(freshness) ShelflifemanagementExpiryDate Portcapacity(andassociateddelays)Packaging NothavingausefortheleftoverPromotions/Discounts(cheaptobuymore) FreeFoodTaste DemanduncertaintyEvents(partiesetc.) FoodregulationsRefrigeration/Temperaturemanagement ConsumerEducation/Awareness

Foodpreparation(trimming)Marketingeffortsencouragingpeopletobuymore

Convenience FussyEater(Utilisation aspect)Storage(facilities,knowledge) HealthandSafetyRegulations

Page 18: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Preliminary Cause-Effect Map

© Cranfield University 18

FoodWaste

PortionSize

Promotions

HospitalityBuyingHabits

Ramadan

OpenBuffet

Neglect

Events

Planning

Packaging

Lifestyle

TemperatureShelflife/expirydate

Storage

Sprouting/Overripefruitsandvegetables

Nooptiontouseleft-overs

Page 19: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Conclusions

© Cranfield University 19

§ Waste in food supply chains is a complex problem§ Multiple stakeholders and different worldviews§ Environmental conditions§ Policies around food waste attitudes, behaviour and

practices§ Future work

§ Validation of the causes and interrelations among them§ Development of a Bayesian Causal Map for policy

analysis§ Risk assessment of particular policies on food supply

chains

Page 20: How can consumers help minimize waste in the food supply chain?

Thank you

Questions / Comments?

© Cranfield University 20

[email protected]

@emelaktas

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/emelaktas/

https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/safeq/


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