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How could these relate to muscles?
The Muscular System
To confidently name and label the main muscles groups.
To understand how muscles work in pairs and how they create movement
To identify which muscles create movements at different joints
Task 1
Stickers 6 Teams paired against another team. Each team races against the other team to label the
muscles correctly. 1 Person should model. Write up labels and stick in the correct place You will be timed: each team will receive a 10
second penalty for each muscle incorrectly labelled or missed. 5 second penalty per ‘cheat’ (3 second look at muscle sheet).
Timer stopped when all team members sat down with no rubbish in their working area.
PectoralsDeltoids
Biceps
Abdominals
Quadriceps Hamstrings
Trapezius
Triceps
Gastrocnemius
Gluteals
Front View Back View
How did you do?
Latissimus Dorsi
Ways to remember muscles Miss Green’s….little ways….
Spelling is important!
Try syllables
Bi-cepGastro-c-nemiusQuad-ri-cep Glu-teals
look, cover, try, checkAnd/Or
How could these relate to muscles?
How Muscles Work
They like to work TOGETHER!!!!
A bit like an old married couple, one works whilst the other relaxes!
Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by tendons.
Movement of the arm
at the elbow
Antagonistic Muscles(muscles work Antagonistically)
Antagonistic Muscles(muscles work Antagonistically)
They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.
Ant-agon-istic-ally
(Biceps contract)
Flexion (Bending) of the ArmFlexion (Bending) of the Arm
(Triceps relax)
Triceps:contracting muscle
Biceps:relaxing muscle
Extension (Straightening) of the ArmExtension (Straightening) of the Arm
What muscle creates each movement?
Tip: If a muscle is contracting or shortening it is usually pulling a bone/limb towards it.
Movement of muscles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fy7zMVkTfU
What grade are you on and what do you need to work on?
Grade C
1. Can Name & Label all muscles
2. Can spell most muscles correctly
3. Can explain what is meant by ‘muscles working antagonistically’
Grade B (as above +)
4. Can identify what movement each muscle creates e.g. bicep flexes elbow
Grade A (as above +)
5. Can link movements to sporting examples e.g. the Quadriceps contract which extends the leg to kick a ball in rugby.
Grade A*(as above +)
6. Can identify the Antagonist (relaxing muscle) and/or Origin and Insertion of the main muscle groups.
Exercising the muscular system
• Isotonic and Isometric• Immediate effects of exercise• Long term effects of exercise
Apply it…..practice exam
1. Which one of the following
muscles is contracting to
allow the footballer in the
image to extend his leg
at the hip?
A. Gluteal MusclesB. Hamstrings Abdominals Quadriceps
2. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the leg to flex at the knee?
A. Gluteal MusclesB. HamstringsC. GastrocnemiusD. Quadriceps
3. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the tennis player in the image to adduct his arm at the shoulder?
A. TricepsB. Latissimus DorsiC. Abdominals D. Pectorals
4. Which of the following muscles is responsible for abducting the arm at the shoulder?
A. TricepsB. Latissimus DorsiC. Deltoid D. Pectorals
5. Which muscles are contracting to allow this dancer to point his toes by extending the ankle?
A. Gluteal MusclesB. HamstringsC. GastrocnemiusD. Quadriceps
6. Which of the following muscles is contracting to abduct the arms backwards at the shoulder?
A. TricepsB. Latissimus DorsiC. Abdominals D. Pectorals
Recap!
When muscles contract they create movement (usually pulling something towards them)
Antagonistically
muscles work in pairs (when one relaxes the other contracts)
Agonist – Contracting Muscle
Antagonist – Relaxing Muscle
Exam Tip:
Questions on Antagonistic muscles usually either ask:In relation to Bicep and Triceps or Hamstrings and QuadricepsWhich is Agonist and which is Antagonist during certain movements
Isotonic and Isometric
Isotonic – when muscles contract and relax to create movement
Isometric – when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position
Sporting examples
Isotonic: anything with movement!!!
Sporting examples
Isometric – muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position.
Immediate Effects of Exercise
Increase demand of oxygen Increase demand of fuel (glycogen) Lactic Acid Cramp
Long term effects of exercise
Hypertrophy – increased muscle size
Caused by minor tears in the muscle and the body rebuilds within 48 hours
Recap!
Isometric Isotonic
(d) Which one of the above statements refers to an isometric contraction?
Recap:
Short term effects of exercise Long term effects of exercise
Potential Injuries to the muscular system Muscle Atrophy
(decrease in muscle)
Soft Tissue Damage
Strain – little tears in the muscle fibres and blood vessels.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZlXWp6vFdE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YcvuxN-T28
Examiners tip
You Strain a muscle and Sprain a ligament!
Relate it to sport!
Why is it so common for Footballers to strain (pull) their Hamstring?
Injury Prevention!
Warm up - Raise heart rate and warming up the
muscles with gentle and progressively more energetic exercise
- Stretches
Lets test it!
Cool Down
Brings the heart rate back to normal Removes lactic acid from muscles so they
don’t become stiff and sore
Includes gentle exercise and stretches (20-30 seconds)
Injury treatment
R – REST I – ICE C – COMPRESSION E – ELEVEATION
The first 24-48 hours crucial and player should continue to rest during this period.