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How do we classify and group plants? • What are the major divisions? • How are they grouped and classified? • How do you use a plant identification key?
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Page 1: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

How do we classify and group plants?

• What are the major divisions?

• How are they grouped and classified?

• How do you use a plant identification key?

Page 2: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Plant Taxonomy

• Nonvascular Plants- have small reduced leaves, no vascular tissue( veins) no true roots, and reproduce by spores or flagellated cells that travel through water.

Page 3: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Vascular Plants- have true roots, stems, and leaves with vascular tissue. Xylem- water and minerals. Phloem- transports carbohydrates

Page 4: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Plant Divisions• nonvascular Bryophyta- mosses

• vascular seedless Lycophyta-club moss Pterophyta-Ferns seed plants Gymnosperms-naked seeds Angiosperms-flowering plants

Page 5: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Gymnosperm Coniferophyta- needle or scale leaf, cones ( conifer)Anthophyta or Angiosperm Monocots- parallel veins, petals in 3’s Dicots- net veins, petals in 4’s or 5’s

Page 6: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

BryotphytesMosses

Page 7: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Moses

• Non-vascular Plants- No tissues to carry water

• Spores used for reproduction

• No true roots, stem

• Reduced leaves

Page 8: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Liverworts

Page 9: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

sporophyte

gametophyte

Mosses

Page 10: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 11: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

sporophyte

gametophyte

Page 12: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

In mosses the dominant stage of their life cycle they only have half of their total chromosme

number.

Page 13: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Spore Producing

• Spores are reproductive stages that have only half the chromosomes or genetic material.

Page 14: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 15: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 16: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

VASCULAR PLANTS

Page 17: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Lycopodium,Lycophyta

Page 18: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Pterophyta

Ferns- reproduce with spores but have veins to carry water

Page 19: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 20: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 21: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 22: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 23: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Gymnosperms

Naked seeds or seeds produced in cones.

Page 24: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 25: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 26: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 27: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 28: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 29: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Angiosperms or Anthophyta

• Flowering plants

• Seeds produced within a fleshy fruit with gametes borne within a flower.

Page 30: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 31: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Antheridium Archegonium

Page 32: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Liliacea

Page 33: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Taxonomy key\identification key

• You always have two choices in a description of the organisms characteristic

• Choose the correct choice and it takes you to a name or a number.

Page 34: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 35: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 36: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 37: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 38: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

dicot

Page 39: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

monocot

Page 40: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Opposite Leaf arrangement

Page 41: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Alternate leaf arrangement

Page 42: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Botany

•Tissues, Organs, and Systems

Page 43: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Vascular Tissue

Xylem (wood)

trachieds and vessel elements make up xylem. They are nonliving tubes with openings at the ends to carry water .

Page 44: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Transport in Vascular Plants

• Water and minerals begin movement by osmosis.

through root and root hair

Page 45: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 46: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Transport in Plants cont.

capillary action in xylem vessel element

Adhesion-water vessel wall

Cohesion- water to water

Page 47: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Transpiration- water moves out through stoma in the leaf.

closed

H2O

Page 48: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 49: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Loss of TurgorTurgor

Page 50: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 51: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

• Phloem carries carbohydrates

sieve tube elements-- connected by sieve plates

Page 52: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 53: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 54: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 55: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 56: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 57: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 58: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Heart wood

Springwood

Summer WoodVascularcambium

phloemCork cambium

CORK

Phloem rays

Page 59: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Vascular Tissue

• Xylem- wood, carries water

Spring wood- larger openings smaller ring

Summer wood – more compact rigs are wider

Phloem- carries sugar

phloem rays carry back and forth

Page 60: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Growth Tissue

• Vascular Cambium- grows new xylem to the inside and phloem to the outside

• Cork cambium- grows new cork to the outside

BARK- is vascular cambium, phloem, cork cambium , and cork

Page 61: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 62: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

xylem

phloemCortex ( storage, support)(7,8)

11

4 & 5

Page 63: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Merristematic Regions

• Apical Bud

• Root Tips

Page 64: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 65: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Leaf PrimordiaApical Meristem

Axillary Bud

Page 66: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Roots

primary

secondary

TAP

DIFFUSE

Page 67: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Germination

• Seeds begin to grow as a result of cell division using much oxygen

seeds need warm temperatures, water, and oxygen to germinate but the seed supplies the food.

Page 68: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

hypocotyl

Page 69: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Embryonic Tissue

Seed leaves of an embryo

Below the cotyledon

Above the cotyledon

Embryonic root

Page 70: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

cap

merristematicElongation

maturation

Page 71: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Leaves- the main photosynthetic parts of a plant

• Types of

Simple

Compound

Pinnate

Palmate

Page 72: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 73: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 74: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 75: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Leaf Cross Section• Epidermis- prevents water loss

protects from UV light

• Palisades- photosynthesis zone ( contains much chlorophyll)

• Mesophyll ( spongy layer)- storage of gases, water and sugar

• Veins – contain xylem and phloem

Page 76: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

• Abscision layer- cuts base of leaf off during defoliation

Page 77: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Stomate

• Stomate- leaf opening for gas exchange and water loss

• Guard Cells- control opening of stomate

• Stoma - opening

Page 78: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 79: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Photosynthesis

CO2+H2O light CnH2n0n+O2

Light- measured as an absorption spectrum, the wavelengths that are most important are different for different types of autotrophs

Page 80: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Photosyntheis

• Plant takes in carbon dioxide\

• Plant takes up water

• Plant produces sugars

• Plant gives off oxygen

Page 81: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

petiole

Margin (serrate)

Pinnate veins

Page 82: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 83: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 84: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Simple Leaf with Entire Margin and Pinnate Veins

Page 85: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 86: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 87: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 88: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 89: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 90: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 91: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 92: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 93: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 94: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 95: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 96: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 97: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Angiosperms or Anthophyta

• Flowering plants

• Seeds produced within a fleshy fruit with gametes borne within a flower.

Page 98: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Perfect Flower

Page 99: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 100: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

STAMEN- male part of flower

Filament

Anther

Page 101: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

stigma

style

ovary3n2n

Zygote is 2n

Endosperm -food for development 3n

Pollen tube

Ovules within the ovary contain an embryo

PISTIL or CARPEL

Page 102: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Composite Family

Page 103: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 104: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?
Page 105: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Flower Structures

• Stamen- male floral part

• Anther- produces pollen ( n) haploid

• Filament- stalk that supports stamen

Page 106: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Floral Parts

• Pistil- female floral part

• Style- stalk that supports stigma

• Stigma- sticky part attracts pollen

• Ovary- eggs develop and are fertilized to become seeds

Page 107: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Plant Response to Light –Photoperiodism

LONG DAY_ require 12 hr. daylight or more to flower

SHORT DAY-require less than 12 hr daylight

DAY NEUTRAL – flower according to maturity not light

Page 108: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Plant Hormones

• Alter cell division

• Increase elongation

• Regulate gene activity

Page 109: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Auxins

Page 110: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Plant Auxin on Agar Block

Page 111: How do we classify and group plants? What are the major divisions? How are they grouped and classified? How do you use a plant identification key?

Auxin Mutants


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