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How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the...

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How Genes Function Quiz 6D
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Page 1: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

How Genes Function

Quiz 6D

Page 2: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

Four main points of how genes function

• Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters)• Codons (letters in the language are

arranged into genes (words)• Genes (words in the language) are the

instructions for making proteins• During reproduction a complete copy is

made of all genes and is given to each new organism

Page 3: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

An organism's ability to manufacture proteins enables it

to carry on its life processes.

Since what a cell can or cannot do depends upon enzymes, cells are controlled by enzymes, which are

proteins.

Page 4: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

protein

a substance made of long chains of amino acids

Page 5: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

enzymes

the organic catalysts that control chemical reactions in

living things

Page 6: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

DNA

Rosalind Franklin

Crick

Page 7: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

DNA is Coded Messages •DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid•1953 James d. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick - model for the structure of DNA

Page 8: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.
Page 9: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

DNA looks like a twisted ladder

Page 10: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

DNA is made up of nucleotides

Page 11: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

Nucleotide:the basic

structured unit of

DNA and RNA

• Sugar• Phosphate• base

Page 12: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

nucleotide - the basic structured unit of

DNA and RNA

• Sugar (deoxyribose) & Phosphate form the sides of the ladder

• Bases form the rungs

Page 13: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

DNA nucleotide bases

• adenine

• thymine

• guanine

• cytosine

Page 14: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

how bases pair up

A – T

C - G

Page 15: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

genes are sections of DNA

Page 16: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

replication - the process of

forming 2 DNA molecules from 1 original DNA

molecule

Page 17: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.
Page 18: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.
Page 19: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.
Page 20: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.
Page 21: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

RNA- ribonucleic acid

• messenger RNA (m-RNA): the RNA molecule that transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

• transfer RNA (t-RNA): the RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA

• Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) makes up ribosomes (decoder)

Page 22: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

How does RNA differ from DNA?

• RNA has a single chain of nucleotides

• base thymine is replaced by Uracil

Page 23: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

How does RNA differ from DNA?

Page 24: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

RNA nucleotide bases

• adenine

• uracil

• guanine

• cytosine

Page 25: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

How is RNA made?

transcription- the process of forming

messenger RNA from DNA

Page 26: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

Transcription

Page 27: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

Protein Synthesis

• takes place in the ribosome• protein synthesis- the manufacturing

of protein inside a cell• messenger RNA (m-RNA): the RNA

molecule that transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

• transfer RNA (t-RNA): the RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA

Page 28: How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.

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