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How to Help Struggling How to Help Struggling Students Become Good Students Become Good
Language LearnersLanguage Learners
Anna Uhl Chamot & Jill Anna Uhl Chamot & Jill RobbinsRobbins
National Capital Language National Capital Language Resource CenterResource Center
Summer Institute 2006Summer Institute 2006
Who is the Struggling Who is the Struggling Student?Student?This student has problems with… keeping up with classmates organizing him/herself and the work
environment following verbal instructions longer-term work tasks and need work
chunked for them social and emotional skills
CALLA-FL: The Cognitive CALLA-FL: The Cognitive
AcademicAcademic Language Language Learning Approach for Learning Approach for
Foreign Languages Foreign Languages
COMPONENTS:COMPONENTS: AUTHENTIC CONTENT AUTHENTIC CONTENT SOCIAL & ACADEMIC SOCIAL & ACADEMIC
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIESLEARNING STRATEGIES
Five instructional Five instructional principles in CALLA-FLprinciples in CALLA-FLFive instructional Five instructional principles in CALLA-FLprinciples in CALLA-FL Recognize and build on students’
prior knowledge. Provide meaningful learning tasks. Engage in interactive teaching and
learning. Focus on learning processes and
strategies. Help students evaluate their own
learning.
DEVELOPING METACOGNITION
Model metacognitive awareness.
Ask students to describe their thinking processes.
Have students take responsibility for their own learning.
PREPARATIONPREPARATION
PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
PRACTICEPRACTICE
SELF-EVALUATIONSELF-EVALUATION
EXPANSIONEXPANSION
CALLA’S FIVE PHASESCALLA’S FIVE PHASES
PREPARATIONPREPARATION
Identify objectives.Identify objectives. Elicit students’ prior Elicit students’ prior
knowledge.knowledge. Develop vocabulary. Develop vocabulary. Provide motivation.Provide motivation.
PREPARATIONPREPARATION
How would this help How would this help the struggling learner?the struggling learner?
PRESENTATION
Present new information in Present new information in varied ways.varied ways.
Model processes explicitly.Model processes explicitly. Explain learning strategies. Explain learning strategies. Discuss connections to Discuss connections to
students’ prior knowledge.students’ prior knowledge.
PRESENTATION
What kinds of presentation What kinds of presentation methods would help the methods would help the struggling learner?struggling learner?
Are you already presenting Are you already presenting with a variety of media?with a variety of media?
PRACTICE
Use hands-on/inquiry-based Use hands-on/inquiry-based activities.activities.
Provide different cooperative Provide different cooperative learning structures.learning structures.
Use authentic content tasks.Use authentic content tasks. Ask students to use learning Ask students to use learning
strategies.strategies.
PRACTICE
What kinds of practice What kinds of practice activities would help the activities would help the struggling learner?struggling learner?
SELF-EVALUATION
Students discuss their own Students discuss their own learning.learning.
Students keep learning Students keep learning journals.journals.
Students assess their own Students assess their own strategy use.strategy use.
SELF-EVALUATION
How can you help How can you help struggling learners to struggling learners to evaluate themselves more evaluate themselves more accurately?accurately?
EXPANSION
Students apply information to own lives.
Students make connections between content subjects and the target culture.
Students relate information to first language knowledge of content and culture.
EXPANSION
How can what has been learned in FL class help struggling learners in their other classes?
CALLA Instruction Summary
Prepare
Present
Changes over time
Teacher Teacher ResponsibilityResponsibility
PracticePractice
Self-EvaluateSelf-Evaluate
ExpandExpand
Student Student ResponsibilityResponsibility
Teacher’s role in . .
PreparationActivate Background Knowledge
PresentationExplain
Model
PracticePrompt use of strategies
Give Feedback
Self- EvaluationAssess strategies
ExpansionSupport transfer
Apply
Students’ role in . .
PreparationAttend
PresentationParticipate
PracticeApply strategies with guidance
Self- EvaluationSelf-assess strategies
ExpansionUse strategies independently
Transfer strategies to new tasks
CALLA-FL AssessmentCALLA-FL Assessment
Use authentic content tasks.Use authentic content tasks. Evaluate content knowledge.Evaluate content knowledge. Evaluate language proficiency.Evaluate language proficiency. Use self-report for learning Use self-report for learning
strategies.strategies. Use self-assessment and Use self-assessment and
reflection.reflection.
CALLA-FL AssessmentCALLA-FL Assessment
How can you use assessment How can you use assessment to better understand your to better understand your struggling students?struggling students?
Can assessment become a Can assessment become a more positive experience for more positive experience for your struggling students?your struggling students?
CALLA-FL Instruction Is... Learner-centeredLearner-centered ReflectiveReflective SupportiveSupportive FocusedFocused EnthusiasticEnthusiastic