How to Select a Suitable PumpParis, October 3rd, 2010

Dr. Carsten Damerau

Juri-Gagarin-Ring 4D-19370 Parchim (Germany)Phone +49 (0)3871/451-347Fax +49 (0)3871/451-333E-mail info@hnp-mikrosysteme.deInternet www.hnp-mikrosysteme.de

2

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

3

HNP Mikrosysteme GmbH - Company Site Parchim

HNP Mikrosysteme GmbHJuri-Gagarin-Ring 4D-19370 Parchim (Germany)

phone +49 3871/451-300fax +49 3871/451-333e-mail info@hnp-mikrosysteme.deURL http://www.hnp-mikrosysteme.de

Hamburg

Berlin

Parchim

4

• Mechanical engineering and construction• Mechanical engineering and construction

• Analytical instrumentation• Analytical instrumentation

• Chemical process technology• Chemical process technology

• Pharmaceutical production• Pharmaceutical production

• Biotechnology• Biotechnology

• Fuel cell and energy• Fuel cell and energy

• Aeronautics• Aeronautics

Micro annular gear pumps are used

when smallest volumes or volume flows

must be applied precisely and fast

Q = 1 µl/h … 1 µl/min … 1 l/min

V = 0,1 … 0,25 … 1 … 1000 µl

h = 0,1 … 0,3 … 104 … 106 mPas

Dp = 1,5 … 40 … 80 … 150 barT = -55 … 0 … +60 … +150 °C

CV = 0,1 … 0,5 … 3 %

Scope of Applications

5

Sales and Distributors 2010

MICROPUMP, INC.

HNP Mikrosysteme GmbH

SANWA TSUSHO CO., LTD.

Suurmond B.V.

Suurmond BVBA.

pumpconsult mangold

HNP Mikrosysteme GmbHMyriam Pitrois

Thomson ProcessEquipment & Engineering Ltd

Omni Process AB

DongWoo Science Co., Ltd.

michael smith engineers limited

Teddington Components AB

6

Source: PROCESS worldwide, 1-2008

7

Thoroughly!

So, how to select a suitable pump?

8

A Common Enquiry!

Flow rate range1 µl/h – 1 l/min

Dosage precision< 1 %

Viscosity range0,2 – 1.000.000 mPas

Differential pressureVacuum, 0 – 200 bar

Liquidsliquid butane …liquid bromine

Dosage2 µl-droplets,

100 per minute Flowminimal pulsation

9

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

10

Reciprocating plunger pumpReciprocating plunger pump

Pump principles and their classification

Roots compressorRoots compressor

Positive displacement pumps

Vane pumpVane pump

Piston compressorPiston compressor

Gas pumpsLiquid pumps

• compressor• vacuum pump• blower

Peristaltic pumpPeristaltic pump

Syringe PumpSyringe PumpPiston pumpPiston pumpDiaphragm pumpDiaphragm pump

Centrifugal pumpCentrifugal pumpExternal gear pumpExternal gear pump

Vane pumpVane pump

Internal gear pumpInternal gear pump

Lobe pumpLobe pump

Annular gear pumpAnnular gear pumpAxial-flow pumpAxial-flow pump

Impeller pumpImpeller pump

Rotodynamic pumps

Rotary pumps

Reciprocating pumps

Scroll compressorScroll compressor

Diaphragm pumpDiaphragm pump

Axial blowerAxial blower

Side channel pumpPeripheral pumpSide channel pumpPeripheral pump

rotary

reciprocating

Rotary pumps

Plunger pumpPlunger pump

Rotary piston pumpRotary piston pump

Screw pumpScrew pumpSpiral pumpSpiral pump Eccentric screw pumpEccentric screw pump

Water jet pumpWater jet pump

Reciprocating pumps

miscellaneous

Screw compressorScrew compressor

– Eductor-jet pump– Cryogenic pump– Sorption pump

– Eductor-jet pump– Cryogenic pump– Sorption pump

11

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

12

60° 120° 180° 240° 300° 360°

1

2

3

3,14

0,96

1,02

Comparison of pulsation - theory

Micro annular gear pump

Diaphragm Pump

Pulsation of flow:

= 314 %

QQQ minmax -

=dQ

1014,3 -

=dQ

suction stroke

pressure stroke

angle of rotation

Normal flow rate Q

Factor 50

= 6,3 %10,9602,1 -

=dQ

= 1,5 %mzr-252110/11 indenting

mzr-29216/7 indenting

13

Source: Fabel, Susanne; PhD thesis, Munich 2007, p. 97

Comparison of pulsation – experimental

14

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 2 4 6 8 10

Differential pressure [bar]

Flow

rat

e [m

l/m

in]

600050004000300020001000

mzr-4605

Speed [rpm]

Viscosity 0,58 mPas

Liquid methanol

Flow charts

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 2 4 6 8 10

Differential pressure [bar]

Flow

rat

e [m

l/m

in]

600050004000300020001000

mzr-4605

Speed [rpm]

Viscosity 1 mPas

Liquid water

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50

Differential pressure [bar]

Flow

rat

e [m

l/m

in]

600050004000300020001000

mzr-4605

Speed [rpm]

Viscosity 16 mPas

Liquid oil

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50

Differential pressure [bar]

Flow

rat

e [m

l/m

in]

600050004000300020001000

mzr-4605

Speed [rpm]

Viscosity 100 mPas

Liquid oil

Methanol0,58 mPasMethanol0,58 mPas

Water1 mPas Water1 mPas

Oil100 mPasOil100 mPas

Oil16 mPasOil16 mPas

Note: all flow charts are calculated

16

Volumetric efficiency

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30

Differential pressure [bar]

Flo

w r

ate

[ml/

min

]

60005000400030002000100090%80%70%60%50%40%

mzr-4605

Liquid

Viscosity

Water

1 mPas

Speed [rpm]

Vol. efficiency0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30

Differential pressure [bar]

Flo

w r

ate

[ml/

min

]

60005000400030002000100090%80%70%60%50%40%

mzr-4605

Liquid

Viscosity

Oil

16 mPas

Speed [rpm]

Vol. efficiency

Volumetric efficiency hvol = ––––––––––––––––––––––Actual flow rate Q

Theoretical flow rate Qth

Q

Qth

hvol = ––– = ––––––

90%

90%

60%

recommended efficiency range 60-100%

10%

restricted efficiency range 0-60%superior dosing performance 90-100%

dosing with closed loop control 1-10%

motor torque limitmotor torque limit

Factor Speed, Viscosity Diff. InletGoal Flow rate pressure pressure

High vol. eff. á á â –

Low cavitation â â – á

cavitation limitcavitation limit

Q

n · Vg

n ... speedVg … displacement volume

60%

17

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

18

Hermetic Inert Pump Series

• Corrosion resistancefunctional pump components out of ceramics, high resistance to oxidizing and reducing environments, acids, bases

• Long service lifewear-resistant, ultra-hard materials

• Hermetically sealed versionmagnetic drive (NdFeB)

• High dosage precisioncontinuous flow rate 0 – 288 (144) ml/min, discrete dosage C.V. 1% at 90 µl

• Compact, chemically inert pump headlength 146 mm long, HASTELLOY© C-22, SSiC, ZrO2

• Dynamic precision motordynamic EC-servomotor with integrated encoder and microcontroller,RS-232 or CAN-Bus interface, analog and I/O control

• Minimal pulsation - low shear stressrotary micro annular gear technology, no valves

mzr®-7255 / mzr®-6355

19

Hermetic Inert Series - material configuration

mzr-7255-cy mzr-7255-cs mzr-7255-hy

• hermetic dosing pump• high corrosion resistance• suitable for aggressive liquids

e.g. acid and alkaline environments,buffers and aggressive solvents

• hermetic dosing pump• selective corrosion resistance• suitable for diluted H2O2

• hermetic dosing pump• selective corrosion resistance• suitable for chloride content

e.g. sea water

Material code for wetted parts:-c ceramics-h hard metal, tungsten carbide-y nickel basis alloy-s stainless steel

Standard

alloy C22, Al2O3 ceramics, ZrO2 ceramics part. stab., SSiC, FFPM

stainless steel 316L, Al2O3 ceramics, ZrO2 ceramics part. stab, SSiC, FFPM

alloy C22, tungsten carbide, FFPM

Note: All cross sections are schematic!

mzr-7255-hs

• hermetic dosing pump• good corrosion resistance• suitable for low-aggressive liquids

e.g. water, oil, solvents• moderate price

Stainless steel 316LAlloy C22 (2.4602)

Al2O2 ceramicsZrO2 ceramics, partially stabilized

stainless steel 316L, tungsten carbide, FPM

Tungsten carbideSSiC, sintered silicon carbide

FFPM, Kalrez Spectrum 6375FPM

S

N

S

N

S

N

S

N

magnet, NdFeB

20

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

21

Possible reason for gas/vapor bubbles in the system?

– Defect or not-tight fittings, ferrules, tubes

– High pressure drop on the suction sideÞ cavitation

– Dissolved gas in the liquid (e.g. air in silicon oil)Þ pseudo cavitation

– Closed reservoir Þ pump creates vacuum

– Defect pump seals

What can a customer do?

– Change or tighten fittings accordingly

– Optimize the NPSH of the system

– shorter suction line

– bigger inner diameter of the tubing

– bigger filter (filter area, pore size)

– Liquid degassing (with vacuum or ultrasonic)

– Open reservoir

Air bubbles in the system

Gas/vapor bubbles reduce dosage precision and flow rate.

Chemical reactions can be induced.

22

Pressure drop in tubing with different inner diameters

4

mm

mPasml/minmm6000

128mbar

úûù

êëé

úûù

êëé×úû

ùêëé×úû

ùêëé

××

@úûù

êëé

D

QLp

h

pD

Flow rate

Q =72 ml/min

mzr-4605 @ 6000 rpm

Tubinglength: L = 100 mm

200 mbar

0,15 mm

9657757,7 mbar

0,79375 mm

12317,0 mbar

769,8 mbar

1,5875 mm

4 mm

19,1 mbar

6 mm

3,8 mbar

1,2 mbar

8 mm

0,5 mbar

10 mm

769,8 mbar

72 ml/min

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1000000000

0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Flow rate Q [ml/min]

Pres

sure

dro

p D

p [m

bar]

ID

Dynamic Viscosity h = 100 mPas

= 1/16"= 1/16"

= 1/32"= 1/32"

23

F-MI3

0.2 mPas

10 mPas

50 mPas

100 mPas

250 mPas

1000 mPas

2000 mPas

Pre-selection of filters

mzr-25219 ml/min

Low pressure series High performance series

F-UP2• inlet filter (bottom-of-the-bottle filter)• pore size 10 µm• stainless steel 316 / Tefzel (EPFE)• for tubing OD 1/8"• cylindrical inner thread

1/4"-28 UNF

mzr-292118 ml/min

mzr-462272 ml/min

mzr-7223288 ml/min

mzr-290518 ml/min

mzr-460572 ml/min

mzr-7205288 ml/min

mzr-115081152 ml/min

Viscosity

F-MI2• inline filter

(T-shape or straight type)• version inlet filter available• mesh size 10 µm• easy change of filter element• stainless steel, optional alloy C22• fluid connection 1/8" NPT

Version: May, 2009

Pump typemax. flow

In any case observe supplier’s guidelines. For detailed order information refer to supplier. The use of a filter has to be verified in any case – HNP Mikrosysteme is not liable for the content of this information.

Modular series Hermetic inert series

F-UP2

F-MI2

F-MI3• inline filter

(T-shape or straight type)• version inlet filter available• mesh size 10 µm• easy change of filter element• stainless steel• fluid connection 3/8" NPT

F-MI2

out of operation range

F-MI3

F-EP1-T• inline filter• T-shape type• mesh size 10 µm• easy change of

filter element• stainless steel 316 /

Viton (optional PTFE)• fluid connection G 1/2"

F-UP3

F-EP1-T

30 mPas

F-DU1• inlet filter

(bottom-of-the-bottle filter)

• pore size 10 µm• Hastelloy C, PTFE• for tubing OD 1/8"

F-UP3

F-UP3

F-MI2

F-MI2

F-MI2

F-UP3

F-UP3

F-MI2

F-UP2

F-MI2

F-MI3

mzr-25429 ml/min

mzr-6355144 ml/min

mzr-294218 ml/min

mzr-7255288 ml/min

F-MI3

F-MI3

F-EP2-T

F-EP3-T

F-MI3

F-DU1 / F-RO

out of operation range

out of operation range

24

• Introduction

• Pump principles

• Pulsation

• Charts

• Materials

• Periphery

• Summary

25

So, how to select a suitable pump?

It is essential to know:

To define the pumps hydraulic properties:

– Range of needed volume flow

– Range of differential pressure

– Range of viscosities

To define the materials to manufacture the pump:

– Composition of the liquid(s)

1. Talk to the pump manufacturer

2. Please answer his questions

26

HNP Mikrosysteme GmbH

• Compact pumps for precise dispensing and meteringof lubricating and non-lubricating liquids with minimal pulsation

• Optimized equipment including filters, check valves andfluid accessories

• Fluidic layout of pump’s suction and pressure side

• Support in installation and handling of micro annular gear pumps

• Support in optimizing the fluidic layout of a complete system

Ask a micro pump expert

Source: A. Franquin, Gaston 6, Dupuis 1997, p. 26.

27

Thank you for your attention

www.hnp-mikrosysteme.de

28

Transparenciesfor more detailed information

29

mzr®-pumps - Rotors

pump type mzr-11500 mzr-7200 mzr-4600 mzr-2900 mzr-2500rotor outside diameter Ø 14,0 mm Ø 9,0 mm Ø 5,4 mm Ø 3,4 mm Ø 3,4 mmdisplacement volume 192 µl 48 µl 12 µl 3 µl 1,5 µl

– gear technology

– tungsten carbide

– wear-resistant

– high contour precision

30

Micro annular gear pump - basic principle

0°, 309° 39° 77° 116°

193° 231° 270°154°

0°, 360° 45° 90° 135°

270°180° 225° 315°

31

Clearance Space - comparison of dimensions

Ø 70 µm

human hair fog droplet red blood corpuscle clearance spacemicro annular gear pumps

Ø 10 µmh = 2 µm

Ø 7 µm

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

µm

rotor dimensions in natural scale

mzr-2900

Ø 3,4 mm

mzr-4600

Ø 5,4 mm

mzr-7200

Ø 9,0 mm

mzr-2500

Ø 3,4 mm

mzr-11500

Ø 14,0 mm

32

NPSH Net Positive Suction Head

• NPSH = Net Positive Suction Head, unit meters of head in water

• NPSHr (r = required)– specific value of pump– it is needed, to fill the pumping elements with liquid– NPSHr is the limit the pump can withstand

without cavitating– the head that is required at the pump inlet to prevent

cavitation if pumping a liquid of zero vapor pressure• NPSHa (a = available)

– specific value of hydraulic installation– computed at pump inlet port

• NIP = Net inlet pressure, unit bar abs.– NIP available > NIP required + vapor pressure.

2-6 m200-600 mbar abs.

2-5 m200-400 mbar abs.

?-4 m400 mbar abs.

0,7 m70 mbar abs.

– pulsating flow– valves– pulsating flow– valves

– pulsating flow– valves– pulsating flow– valves

– small clearance spaces– pulseless flow– no valves

– small clearance spaces– pulseless flow– no valves

– big clearance spaces– high pressure drop due

to high velocity of liquid

– big clearance spaces– high pressure drop due

to high velocity of liquid

Vacuum 0 barabs (ideal)

p = r · g· h

p … pressurer … specific gravity (e.g. water 1 g/cm³)g … standard gravity (9,81 m/s²)h … height

pumpingelementspumpingelements

inletportinletport

outletportoutletport

Constraint: liquid vapor pressure p sat = 0 bar

Additional information:Vapor pressure of waterTemp.(°C) p sat (mbar)0 6,110 12,320 23,425 31,730 42,435 56,240 73,750 12360 19970 311100 1013

Additional information:Vapor pressure of waterTemp.(°C) p sat (mbar)0 6,110 12,320 23,425 31,730 42,435 56,240 73,750 12360 19970 311100 1013

NPSHa ³ NPSHr + r · g

psatpsat … vapor pressure

r … specific gravityg … standard gravity

33

Solubility of gases in liquids

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Wat

er

n-Pe

ntan

e (C5)

n-Hex

ane(C

6)

Cycloh

exan

e(C6)

n-Pe

ntad

ecan

e(C15)

Benz

ene

Tolue

ne

Xylene

Met

hano

le(C1)

Etha

nole(

C2)

1-Pr

opan

ole(C

3)

2-Pr

opan

ole(is

o-C3)

1-Bu

tano

le(C4)

1-Pe

ntan

ole(C

5)

1-Dec

anole(

C10)

Cycloh

exan

ole

1,2-

Ethan

ediol

e

Aceto

ne THF

1,4-

Dioxan

e

Ethy

laceta

te

Chloro

form

Tetra

chlor

omet

hane

Carbon

disulf

ide

ml n

itro

gen

(g)

/ l

(liq.

)

Solubility of nitrogen in liquidsat 1 atm, near room temperature in ml (g) / l (liq.)

Calculated from molar fractions given in: Battino et al., J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1984, S. 563 ff

34

Isothermal compressibility of liquids

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Mercury

Glycol

Wate

r

Aniline

Chloro

ethan

e

m-Xyle

ne

Tolue

ne

Benz

ene

Chlorof

orm

Methyle

ne ch

loride

Dodec

ane

Carbon

tetra

chlor

ide

n-Dec

ane

Ethan

ole

Cycloh

exan

e

Methan

ole

Aceto

ne

n-Octa

ne

n-Hep

tane

n-Hex

ane

Diethy

ether

x 10

10 m

2 N-1

at 1 atm, 20 - 25 ° C

at 1000 atm, 20 - 25° C

Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th Edition, 1984-1985, p. F-12 ff

35

mzr® micro annular gear pumps - Product summary

High performance seriesHermetic inert series

Low pressure seriesModular Series

Ex-Pumps

Customized pumps

– specific liquids– specific motor– specific design– ...

– compact dimensions– low pressure range (0-5 bar)– tungsten carbide Ni-based, stainless steel 316L

seals: PTFE, FKM, optional: EPDM, FFKM– low viscosity liquids (0-100 mPas)– DC-motor with graphite brushes

– industrial equipment– tungsten carbide Ni-based, stainless steel 316L

seals: PTFE, FKM, optional: EPDM, FFKM– differential pressure range 40 bar (max. 150 bar)– wide viscosity range (0.3-1,000,000 mPas)– DC-servomotor with integrated controller– modular system: fluidic seal module,

heat insulation module, electrical heating,double shell heating and cooling module, reduction gear

– for pump heads of high performance seriesand hermetic inert series

– Ex-certification ATEX, EU directive 94/9/EEC– CE Ex II 2 G c T4 X, CE Ex II 2 G c T5 X

– chemically inert, compact dimensions– configurable materials: ceramics, alloy C276/C22,

optional stainless steel 316L, optional PEEK™;seals: PTFE, FKM, optional: EPDM, FFKM.

– DC-motor with graphite brushes

– chemically inert materials– Al2O3, ZrO2 ceramics, alloy C22, SSiC, Kalrez®

– hermetic magnetic coupling– DC-servomotor with integrated controller