HOW TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT COULD TRANSFORM … · (PP, operaciones interlagadas) 2. Land...

HOW TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT COULD TRANSFORM

URBAN SPACE- QUITO AND BOGOTA CASE

Vanessa Velasco, Urban [email protected]

1. How TOD supports urban transformation

• Key aspects for implementing TOD in LAC

• Urban Transformation trougth TOD in LAC

2. Developing TOD. Quito-Bogota case

• Quito Metro Project

• Bogota BRT Metro Project

How TOD

supports urban

transformation

in LAC

11

4

En

ab

ling

Fa

cto

rs

Ph

ys

ica

l a

nd

Te

ch

nic

al A

sp

ec

t

Social Aspect

Institutional Categories Infrastructure Categories

For TOD implementation, it is necessary to engage different stakeholders

using physical and technical instruments, social agreements and enabling

factors

TOD HAS A KEY ROLE IN URBAN TRANSFORMATION

Source: Gerard Ollivier, World Bank TOD-COP 2018

There is an unbalance in LAC countries related to scoping, planning, and

financing tools for implementing TOD

KEY ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING TOD IN LAC CITIES

Source: Author, 2018

Country Scoping Planning Financing Implementation

Argentina Macro-Micro level National-Subnational planning-implementation

LVC, Municipal Finance Tools

Subnational and National Leadership, IA

Bolivia Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership

Brazil Macro-Micro level Municipal-National planning-implementation

LVC, urban development, municipal finance

SPV, Local Political Leadership, IA

Colombia Macro-Micro level Municipal-National planning-implementation

LVC, urban development, municipal finance

SPV, IA, National political leadership

Ecuador Macro-Micro level National-Municipal planning- implementation

Urban development, municipal finance

Local and National Political Leadership

Peru Macro-Micro level National-Subnational planning-implementation


National Leadership, IA

Mexico Macro-Micro level National-Subnational planning-implementation


National - subnational leadership, IA

Uruguay Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership

Paraguay Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership

Costa Rica

Macro-Micro level National- planning Municipal Finance National leadership

6

Regulatory framework for TOD implementation in LAC include: urban

regulations, institutional framework and municipal finance tools

TOD HAS A KEY ROLE IN URBAN TRANSFORMATION

Source: Autor, based on Gerard Ollivier, World Bank TOD-COP 2018

National and Municipal Regulations in LAC

Land Use Planning Municipal FinanceInstitutional

Strategic urban projects and densification could give additional land value

Sustainable urban projects

Economic growth of cities1) Instruments for financing the

future urban development trough capture the potential value of the land

a. Additional development rightsb. Impact Feesc. Tax Increment Financing-TIFd. Betterment and leviese. Public and private join mechanism

Highest land value could finance urban development

How to finance urban development?

Strategic public investment ( infrastructure + transport + land use accessibility and ) creates land value

Financing of urban infrastructure

Instruments for financing future urban development in LAC are relatively

new and main destination is urban infrastructure


Strategic urban projects and densification


Economic growth of cities


Highest land value could finance urban development

How to finance urban

development?

Strategic public investment= infrastructure + transport + land use

2) Instruments to capture the value of the land after urban development -EX-POST infrastructure investmentsa. Property taxb. Plusvalee capture

Instruments for financing future urban development in LAC have as main

destination, affordable housing and urban infrastructure (road system and

public space)


Strategic urban projects and densification


Economic growth of citiesHighest land value could

finance urban development

How to finance urban development?

Strategic public investment= infrastructure + transport + land use

3) Urban operation including multiple land value capture instruments –LVC-1. Urban Operation (PP, operaciones interlagadas)2. Land readjustment



Instruments that finance urban operations as TOD in LAC are relatively

new and requires updating the urban legal framework

Developing a TOD

strategy in LAC 2

QUITO TOD METRO PROJECT

Selection of the TOD areas and definition of a bussines model for the stations

+

=

+

Level of CDB, intermodal condition,

and passengers transit, determine

the value of stations to develop a

TOD


=

Mix land use, public space

accessibility and ecosystems

values, determine the urban

value of the stations to

develop TOD

+

+




Accessibility, transit values and urban development conditions area used

for the TOD stations definition

+


Selection of the TOD areas and definition of a bussines moder for the stations

Create a transport and urban system to implementa TOD stations system

in the Metro of Quito



Selection of strategic plots inside the

TOD areas supports the definition of

clear business models



Business models include cost and

benefit analysis and the legal

updating recommendations for their

implementation

BRT Station, PP. PEDREGAL, Bogota

BOGOTA-BUS RAPID TRANSPORT SYSTEM CASE

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Conditions Objectives

• 6,5 hectares

– 1 UAU

• 50% of

current

activities are

commerce,

local service,

• 20%

educational

services and

30%

residential

area

• Completion Date 2018 – 2 phase plan

• 115,0000m2 of mix use development,

20,000m2 of retail, and 85,000m2 of

commerce offices, affordable housing

obligation was transfer to Metrovivienda land

bank

• 3 hectares of open spaces including 2 BRT

stations, an underground transport public

depot, and urban infrastructure

• Private developer joint with TRANSMILENIO

• 2 BRT STATION, 1 public depot, and

transport connection infrastructure “anillo

vial” are 100% cost financed by utilities of

urban development

• Land acquisition was made by the private

owner before/after PP approval

Integrated project’s scope: urban transformation including economic

development, and transport public facilities and urban infrastructure

Readjusted Land

Retail

• Private Urban Development

Corportation: planning, land

acquisition, real estature e

development

• Transport Corporation: BRT

operation, and transport

infrastruct

Transport Infrastructure and public facilities cost paid by

urban development

Real Estate BusineesLine

(re)development/Land acquisition

Offices

Offices / Hotel Stations

secures highuser demand

ALDEA PROYECTOS -TRANSMILENIO

(TM)

Source: Author based on ALDEA,2018.

Key aspects include: a non effective IA between private developer and

TM/IDU, technical and political disagreements that changes the project in long term perspective.

Transport Depot


BRT Station, PP. PEDREGAL, Bogota


Methodology for implementing a TOD approach to the development of BUS DEPOTS/TERMINALS for the BRT

From the 95 original plots, select

the plots for the location of TOD in

the surrounding area of the

public depots/terminals of the BRT

system.

Taking in consideration the role of

Transmilenio as a transport

corporation and ERU as an urban

development corporation .



Polígono n

Polígono 2Polígono 1

The list of feasible parks is

obtained

Operational and land screening

(TIER I – TIERII)

Financial and management analysis of each park regardless of

previous rating

Analysis of the use of each park to ensure that

its area of influence is TOD focused

Final selection of management and financing

tools

Final selection of parks and determination of operational benefit

vs cost vs TOD

Prioritization based on

operational needs (TIERS l- ll-lll)

Process flow for TOD pre-feasibility of public depots and terminals


Components for the definition of TOD Typologies

Cost Management Zonal Impact

Type of Depot(underground, ground level,

above ground)

Ownership/Management(own land, lease, purchase)

Urban development(current development, future

development, no development)

Function of the Depot(terminal, terminal/depot,

depot)

Operation and Transit

Urbanand Land

Different levels of investment are required

for each type of construction

Form of ownership and type of management

have an impact on investments, as well as

on the flow of such investments over time

Each type of development requires a

different level of investment

Each type of construction requires different time periods for execution

and management

Form of ownership and type of management

determine, to a greater or lesser extent, efforts

made in the areas of negotiations and legal

management

Each type of development involves different levels of legal and commercial

management

Each type of construction generates a different

impact, in terms of land use and other uses

Form of ownership determines the different

types of real-estate development or development for

dedicated use

Each type of development has a

different impact in terms of land use and other

uses

Land Use(With or without

construction)Extent of land use has an

impact on level of investment needed

Level of land use implies differing levels of legal

management and different time periods for

execution

Implies possible changes in urban zonal layout and

could have significant impact on the community


Classification of TOD Variables

Type of Depot(underground, ground level,

above ground)

Ownership/Management(own land, lease, purchase)

Urban Development(current development,

future development, no development)

Function of the Depot(terminal, terminal/park, park)

Land Use(With or without

construction)

Operation and Transit Urban and Land Legal

• Influence - Routes

• PIR Influence

• Accessibility

• Services

• Capacity

• Future use in transit

plan

• Topography

• Available area

• Urban capacity

• Environmental

impact

• Current and future

land use

• Partial plans

• Environmental

impact

• Current and future

land use

• Partial plans

• Market potential

• Impact on

surrounding areas

• Number of lots and

owners in each park

• Limitations on

ownership rights

• Description of owners

and immovable

property in the park.

Op

era

tio

n a

nd

Tra

nsi

tU

rban

an

d L

and


TOD Typologies and their variables

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE/

DEPOTS

COMPLEMENTARY

URBAN DEVELOPMENTS

PUBLIC FACILITIES

AND PUBLIC SPACE

SOCIAL

MANAGMENT

LAND

TYPOLOGY 1

TYPOLOGY 2

TYPOLOGY 3

TYPOLOGY 4

TYPOLOGY 5

Bus Depot/ Terminal/

Underground/high cost

Bus Depot/ Terminal

/Underground/high cost

Bus Depot/ Terminal

/Underground/high cost

Depot/ Ground Level

/low cost

Depot/ Ground Level

/low cost

Commerce development/

High Cost/


High Cost/High Income

Underground/high cost


High Cost/High Income

Public facilities /

Middle Cost

Public facilities /

Middle Cost/

cost

High Cost

High Cost

Middle Cost

High Cost

High Cost

High Cost

High Cost High Cost



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