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HPAI in Indonesia
Dr. Elly Sawitri SiregarCoordinator, HPAI Campaign Management Unit
Directorate of Animal HealthDGLS, MoA
H5N1 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN INDONESIA: CURRENT SITUATION
FAO Rome, 27 - 29 June 2007
Overview
BackgroundCurrent HPAI situationNational Strategic Plan for ControlAn accelerated approachProblems encountered
Poultry Numbers
• Total Population 1.5 billion • Standing population 600m
– Village chicken 300m (~600m annually)– Layer 100m– Broiler 175m (>1b annually) – Duck 35m
(plus others – quail, pigeon, goose…)
Source : Statistik Peternakan (2005)
HPAI Disease Situation
• First identified in late 2003• 31/33 provinces have confirmed cases (243/444
districts)• HPAI incidence varies across the country
– Endemic in Java, Sumatra and S Sulawesi– Lower incidence in eastern provinces– Both commercial and village poultry– Chickens, quails and ducks affected
• Human AI cases since 15 June 2005– 80 fatalities from 100 cases (16 June 07)– Concentrated around Jakarta and western Java
HPAI detections by district January - March 2007
HPAI was detected in 122 districts (of 444 districts) in first quarter 2007
Source: The Directorate General of Livestock Services
Location of PDS InterviewsJan-March 2007
Location of PDS Confirmed Outbreaks (Jan-March 2007)
2006 - National Strategic Plan• ‘National Strategic Work Plan for the Progressive Control
of HPAI in Animals 2006-2008’ developed with FAO assistance
• 9 elements :1. Campaign Management2. Enhancement of HPAI Control3. Surveillance and epidemiology4. Diagnostic laboratory services5. Animal quarantine services6. Regulation7. Communication8. R & D9. Poultry Industry Restructuring
• Strategy remains valid
• Good progress has been made, particularly
- Management – Komnas, MoA, CMU, RMU, LDCC
- Surveillance – PDS/R, DICs, Prov/District Livestock Services,
Universities – (PDS/R integrated with DSO/MoH - establishment
phase)
- Laboratories – real time PCR at DICs and RIVS
- Communications – coherent programmes, AI village cadre
• But
- Little evidence of HPAI incidence being reduced
- Ongoing human exposure and cases
- Ongoing impact on people, communities, industry...
2006 - National Strategic Plan
Proposed: An Accelerated Control Programme
• A continuum– Not a change of strategy but an acceleration
• Core Programme– The existing programme– Continue to strengthen management, communications, surveillance and
control • Accelerated Programme
– Aggressively attack high incidence areas (human and poultry)– Risk mitigation– Greater use of vaccination– Modify industry activity, trade patterns, behaviour
• Consultation on 13/14 June– General consensus from GoI and international experts– Need to refine and develop a costed operational plan– But where are the resources to implement?
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PHASED IMPLEMENTATION OF
AN ACCELERATED CONTROL PROGRAMME
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Avian Influenza Cases
Endemic HPAI
Lower Incidence
Immediate Objectives
1. Protect free areas
2. Eliminate disease from low incidence areas
3. Reduce incidence in endemic areas
Challenges
• Improve quarantine and public awareness to protect free areas
• Increase surveillance sensitivity and effective timely response in low incidence areas– No vaccination
• Reduce virus transmission in endemic areas– Early detection and response– Biosecurity of markets, commercial industry, villages– Vaccination– Consistent and rigorous response to outbreaks
Constraints
• Large diverse poultry industry• ‘Autonomy era’• Widespread and multiple poultry diseases• Insufficient commitment and resources• Competing priorities• Lack of disease knowledge • Limited understanding of biosecurity and
hygiene • Commercial industry autonomy• Outdated legislation