FThed cm~t hq.-, b,-en approvedi~~ publaio 1O ! a4Q' ia1,, its I

U= is unlimited.

USS Carl Vinson SDMS:Final Report

Report Final-N00038-81-C-0592

Christopher F. HerotJane Barnett

Richard CarlingMark FriedellDavid Kramlich

Ronni L. Rosenberg

Computer Corporation of AmericaFour Cambridge Center

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142

June 1983

Final report Z'r ONR Contract N00038-81-C-0592ARPA order 3958 amend 2

! •~ELr".

Prepared for: Scientific Officer SComputer ScientistDirector, Mathematical and Information A

Sciences DivisionOffice of Naval Research800 North Quincy Street ] &pubnwa h de b*Arlington, Virginia 22217 jo V c buCM- g t m eom,-e; i

The views and conclusions contained in this document arethose of the authors and should not be interpreted asnecessarily representing the official policies, eitherexpressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced ResearchProjects Agency or the U.S. Government.

' Original contalus94h~ .

/ / , C, 0=m wll be ia bleak MdWhit..'

cdNIL-STD-847ASUnclassified 31 January 197366C400"TV LW fICATINk~~• OF "uIs PASS A* 0.,0 Aw".40#

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OL VITe (ý* maw~o *V ngoj 69PO"i 6 9'i%00 COVE0AIDUSS Carl Vinson SDMS: Final Report 7/15/8], -12/31/81

d pher F. Herot, Jane Barnett,ONR contract" Richard Carling, Mark Friedell, N00038-81-C-0592David Kramlich, Ronni L. RsenhperU a nr gw- ir •-ý-omputer Corp. of America•an-flachine Interfaces Section

Camh,:,-June 1983j92

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Fdvanced Research Projects Agency June 1983 , ,

II ugOITOiWN1 4W• IIst 0100.0"t &40iAkbSU a i m COeWlI j 1 fhe,) S6 MUNAIT CL A",1 (a fOfi' @mwJffice of Naval Research Unclassified00 N. Quincy Street .rlington, VA 22217

Distribution is unlimited. 4 a

ISI Sti9LIuiil•aelv m OeIs

Prepared as part of the USS Carl Vinson SDMSdocumentation.

spatial data management graphicsdatabase management user interfacesinformation displaye

This report describes the USS Carl Vinson applicationof Computer Corp. of America's Spatial Data ManagementI S ytem (SDMS) -- a graphical user interface thatprovides a simple and uniform means for accessingdifferent kinds of information.

ODof W3 " aft".uor Nov soaS Unclassified

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* 15

Ii

I: CONTENTS

1I1.

CONTENTS

~ 1. Page

1. Introduction 1

2. Using SDMS 3L 2.1 Ispace Display 5

2.2 Menu Display 15J 2.3 Map Display 203. System Environment 264. Bibliography 27

5. Glossary 29

6. Acronyms and Abbreviations 31

13

!i

jjtf ,eation-

1 ,,ailabilttY CedeS

Avail and/orIf Dist 9Pe018

I ______________________________________________I____ _______________

-iU.-•

ILLUSTRATIONS

"ILLUSTRATIONS

2.1 Multi-Media User Station 42.2 USS Carl Vinson SDMS -- TOP World View 6

(Left-Hand Screen)2.3 Ports into Information Spaces 72.4 Nesting of Information Spaces Through Ports 82.5 User Centers on SHIPS Port and 9

Prepares to Zoom In (Center Screen)2.6 World View (Iplane 0) of SHIPS Ispace 10

(Left-Hand Screen)2.7 Iplane 1 of the SHIPS Ispace (Center Screen) 112.8 Hierarchy Map (Left-Hand Screen) 122.9 Annotating the Data Surface with 14

the Graphical Editor (Center Screen)2.10 Menu for SHIPS Ispace (Right-Hand Screen) 162.11 Multiple Levels of Ispace Menu Interaction 19

(Left-Hand Screen)2.12 World View of Map Display (Left-Hand Screen) 212.13 Map Display (Center Screen) 222.14 Map Display Menu (Right-Hand Screen) 232.15 Description of Map Display Menu Options 24

I

1.

FiI -ii-

- -,

Introduction Section 1

i.

1. Introduction

' This is the final reRrt of the Transfer of an SDMSto the USS C VaWnson under the previously referencedcontract. It describes the USS Carl Vinson application ofComputer Corporation of America's (CCA's) Spatial DataManagement System (SDMS) -- a unique, user interface thatprovides a simple and uniform means of accessing difterentkinds of computerized informatioh. Work'under the reter-enced contract consists of the design and partial. imple-mentation of this application.

SDMS is a computer-based tool that uses graphicalsymbols to convey information. SDMS merges the visualpower of symbols with the information-handling facilitiesI of a conventional database management system (DBMS). Itprovides a highly effective means for people who are notdata processing professionals to organize and access adatabase.

Spatial data management is a technique for organizingand retrieving information by representing and positioningit graphically. Data are viewed through color displays.The displays show flat d g on which pictorialrepresentations of the dat arevarranged. The collectionof all the data surfaces is called the4xS ica1 lAu.Apc (GDS). The GDS consists of all the pictures thatt user can access. SDMS automatically creates thesepictures from data stored by the DBMS.

The user can traverse the data surfaces or "zoominto" an image to obtain greater detail. This approachpermits many types of questions to be answered withoutrequiring the use of a keyboard. A conventional querylanguage is also provided.

Spatial data management is motivated by the needs ofa growing community of people who want to access informa-tion through a DBMS but are not trained in the use of suchsystems. A database viewed through SDMS is more accessi-ble and its structure is more apparent than when viewedthrough a conventional DBMS. Users of conventional DBMSscan access data only by asking questions in a formal querylanguage. In contrast, users of SDMS benefit from theability to access computer-resident information whileretaining a familiar, visual orientation.

Section 1 Introduction

By presenting information in a natural, spatialframework, SDMS encourages browsing and requires lessprior knowledge of the contents and structure of the data-base. A user can retrieve information without having tospecify it precisely or to know exactly where in the data-base it is stored. A great deal of information of dif-ferent types can be easily organized, located, and han-

Sdled.In July 1982, an SDMS was installed in the Intelli-

gence Center of the USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70), the newestNimitz-class, nuclear aircraft carrier. This system isbeing used to access information about allied and Sovietplatforms, including their positions, characteristics, andarmaments.

The rest of this document is divided into the follow-ing sections:

* Section 2 contains a detailed example of how to useSDMS to access data from the USS Carl Vinson SDMS data-base.

a Section 3 describes the system environment.

* Section 4 is the bibliography.

6 Section 5 is a glossary of SDMS terms.

* Section 6 is a list of acronyms and abbreviations.

ii

f

Ii -2-

Using SDMS Section 2

2. Using SDMS

This section contains an example of using SDMS as aninterface to the USS Carl Vinson database of informationabout platforms. At the SDMS user station (Figure 2.1),the user interacts with the database through a set ofthree color displays. The left-hand display screen isused to show a high-level view (or world view) of the dataavailable to the user (Figure 2.2). When the user firststarts SDMS, this world view shows all the categories ofdata that can be accessed through the system. In the USSCarl Vinson application, this = level view consists of amap of the world and several colored rectangles containingsymbols of platforms and armaments. The colored rectan-gles and the map are called icons. They represent thefollowing major groupings of information: Russian SHIPS,SUBMARINES, AIRCRAFT, MISSILES, and MINES; ALLIES; missionPROFILES; the Ship's Inertial Navigation System (SINS);

Sand a map display of platform positions. There are twoother rectangles: SCRATCH refers to a graphical scratchpad area, and TEMPLATES contains the graphical templatesused to create all the other pictures that the systemdisplays.(1)

A highlighted rectangle indicates the user's positionon the world view. The user can change position by press-ing a joystick (pictured in Figure 2.1). Pressing thejoystick in any direction causes the highlighted rectangleto move in that direction over the data surface. Alter-nately, the user can move quickly to a particular locationon the data surface by touching that location on the worldview. (2)

(1) A special language is used to describe to SDMS theappearance and position of icons: the Icon Class Descrip-tion Language (ICDL). ICDL is described in detail in theICDL iefergce MAnual that is part part of the USS CarlVinson SDMS documentation.

(2) A third way the user can move to a location on thedata surface is by using the puck and data tablet.

-3-

3Section 2 Using SDMS

IA

* Figure 2.1 Multi-Media User Station

-4-

Using SDMS Section 2

A more detailed view of a portion of the data surfaceI| is displayed simultaneously on the main display screenIlocated in the center Af the user station. The center

screen shows the same portion of the data surface that isshown within the highlighted rectangle on the left screen.

The simultaneous presentation of a world view and amore detailed view of the data surface prevents the userfrom getting lost in the database. It also helps in find-ing a regicn of interest in a very large database.

There are three kinds of data displays available tothe user:

1. Information Space (Ispace) Display

Each rectangular icon on the TOP level world view actsas a trap door to a collection of information known asan Infrmation S , or IsZace.

2. Menu Display

The menu display allows the user to request detailedinformation about each platform.

3. Map Display

The map display presents platform icons superimposedon a background of maps. It is represented by the mapon the TOP Ispace.

Each display is described in the following sections.

2.1 Ispace Display

Much of the data the user views is structured intogroupings called information ge (iAa). The tran-sition points between Ispaces are called 2ors. The worldview shown in Figure 2.2 is the TOP Ispace. Each rec-tangular icon on this world view is a port (Figure 2.3).The SHIPS icon is a typical port; it allows the user toaccess the (Russian) SHIPS Ispace. The SINS port allowsthe user to access a SINS informat!on display. When thisport is selected, alphanumeric data about the USS CarlVinson will be displayed (for instance, latitude and long-itude, speed, and direction).

Each Ispace can contain multiple levels of detail.Each level of detail is called an i Rlane (iJpja).The relationships between Ispaces, ports, and iplanes areshown in Figure 2.4.

--5-

Section 2 Using SDMS

Figure 2.2 USS Carl Vinson SDMS -- TOP World View(Left-Hand Screen)

-6-

Using SDMS Section 2

01. 'ge.

Figure 2.3 Ports into Information Spaces

In this example, the user begins by centering theSHIPS port on the center screen (Figure 2.5). A clockwisetwist of the joystick results in "zooming into" the SHIPSIspace. While the joystick is twisted, the images on thescreen become more and more magnified until the user "popsthrough" the port into the new Ispace. This takes severalseconds.

When the user enters the SHIPS Ispace, its world viewappears on the left-hand screen (Figure 2.6). The SHIPSworld view shows an icon for each ship class that isrepresented in the database. The icons are clustered bycategory. The center screen shows the next most detailedview (Figure 2.7).

Whenever the user enters an Ispace, iplane 0 appearson the left-hand screen and iplane 1, on the centerscreen. Iplane 0 is always the world view: a single levelof detail of an Ispace. It remains on the left-handscreen while the user remains in that Ispace.

In the USS Carl Vinson example, each major Ispaceconsists of two iplanes. For each Ispace, iplane 0 con-tains icons that consist of pictograms but no textualdata. Iplane 1 contains more detailed icons and indicatesa ship's or submarine's class and type, an aircraft's name

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Section 2 Using SDMS

4, I

Figure 2.4 Nesting of Information Spe'ces Through Ports

and nomenclaturv, a missile's or m.ine'c niame and NATOdesignator, and an ally platform's type And category.There is an icon for each ship, jubmarine, and aircraftclass, and for each missile and mine NATO designaator.

An alternate method of entering an Ipace iG via ahieray =2 that eepicts all Iepaces in the SDMS GDS.To view tbis map, the user presnes the SELECT button onthe base of the joystick. The hierarchy map will appearon the left-hand screen (Figure 2.8). 1 line from oneIspace icon to another Ispace icon below i jeans thatthere is a pyort from the *upper" Ispace to the Olower"lspace. The user can either touch an icon on the hierar-chy map to enter the Ispace that the icon represents orpress the SELECT button again to return to 1.ý,e originalworld view.

I Using SDMS Section 2

I

Figure 2.5 User Centers on SHIPS Port andPrepares to Zoom In (Center Screen)

-9-

Section 2 Using SDMS

Ii " ... .° . .

Figure 2.6 World View (Iplane 0) of SHIPS Ispace(Left-Hand Screen)

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I Using SDMS Section 2

zlI

III

Figure 2.7 Iplane 1 of the SHIPS Ispace (Center Screen)

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Section 2 Using SDMS

t

Figure 2.8 Hierarchy Map (Left-Hand Screen)

-12-

Using SDMS Section 2

SDMS ensures that the graphical Ispace displayreflects the current values in the database. When thedatabase is updated, SDMS creates graphical representa-tions of the new data values. For example, to update thedatabase by adding a new ship class, the user would employa standard DBMS query language. SDMS would automaticallyupdate the display by adding an icon to represent the newship class.

While the user views an Ispace, SDMS can interpretconventional database queries written in SQUEL (SpatialQUEry Language), the SDMS query and command language. Forexample, the user could issue a query requesting the sys-tem to locate all ship classes capable of travelling at acertain speed and to cause the icons for these shipclasses to blink. SDMS would search the DBMS for all ofthe specified ship classes. For each such ship class, thecorresponding icon would blink. The user could then pointto a blinking ship icon on the world view to examine itindividually, or traverse the data surface to view theblinking ship icons in greater detail. (3)

In this example, the user examines the ship icons bymoving across the iplane (j.. , pressing the joystick).To mark one of the ships for more detailed examinationlater, the user touches the right-hand screen to activatePAINT, an interactive system for creating and manipulatingpictures on the screen. PAINT allows the user to add pic-tures to the data surface via a data tablet.(4) Editingcommands are selected by touching them on the right-handscreen. In Figure 2.9, the user has selected "electronicink" and marked the appropriate ship icon. This annota-tion can be automatically miniaturized onto the lessdetailed iplanes.(5)

(3) SQUEL is described in detail in the SUEL gefgrengManual that is part of the USS Carl Vinson SDMS documen-tation. See the bibliography of this report.

(4) A data tablet looks like a small desk top and is pic-tured in Figure 2.1. It is used in conjunction with apointer, called a pjt•k, to locate a point on a displayscreen.

(5) PAINT is described in detail in the RAIN R.eeManual that is part of the USS Carl Vinson SDMS documen-tation. See the bibliography of this report.

-13-

i Section 2 Using SDMS

II!

Figure 2.9 Annotating the Data Surface withthe Graphical Editor (Center Screen)

-14-

Using SDMS Section 2

To exit the SHIPS Ispace, the user twists the joys-tick counterclockwise. In general, this results in zoom-ing out of the current iplane, back to the previous, lessdetailed iplane. In this case, since the only lessdetailed iplane is the world view, and since that isalready displayed (on the left-hand screen), the user willzoom out of the Ispace and reappear at the TOP level.(6)The other Ispaces (SUBMARINES, AIRCRAFT, MISSILES, MINES,and ALLIES) can be examined just as the SHIPS Ispace wasexamined.

2.2 Menu Display

To obtain more information while viewing an Ispace,the user centers an icon on the center screen and twiststhe joystick clockwise to zoom into a mnn about thatIspace's platforms. For instance, if a ship icon is cen-tered on the center screen and the joystick is twistedclockwise, the user will zoom into a menu about ships.The icon on the center screen will be replaced by a photo-graph of the platform that the icon represented. The menuwill appear on the right-hand screen (Figure 2.10). Menusare available for the following oject ya: SHIPS, SUB-MARINES, AIRCRAFT, MISSILES, and MINES.

The menu display within an Ispace allows the user toaccess a great deal of information about individual shipclasses, submarine classes, aircraft, missiles, and mines.The user can touch any menu category on the screen toobtain additional information about that category. Theselected category is highlighted on the menu. (When theuser enters the menu display, the PHOTOGRAPHS category ishighlighted.) The additional information appears on thecenter screen. (When the user enters the menu display,photographs of the selected platform appear on the centerscreen.) The display on the left-hand screen keeps trackof each category selected in a menu session, to preventgetting lost in the menu and to assist in selectivelybacking out of the menu.

(6) The user returns to the TOP level only it the Ispacewas entered from the TOP level. If it was enteredthrough the map display (see Section 2.3), the user willreturn to the map display.

-15-

ISection 2 Using SDMS

I~ -

Fi u e 21Ie u f r S I S I p c R g t H n c e n

I16

Using SDMS Section 2

The information categories on the menu are color-coded as follows:

- The PHOTOGRAPHS category is light gray.- Categories that contain textual information are gold.- Categories that activate programs are dark gray.- Categories that contain key fields(7) are dark red.

When the user selects the PHOTOGRAPHS category, thesystem displays on the center screen photographs of thecurrent object (ship, submarine, aircraft, missile, ormine). These photographs are taken from the attachedvideodisk. The number of photographs available for thecurrent object is indicated by the number of marks besidethe PHOTOGRAPHS item on the object's menu. The mark indi-cating the currently displayed photograph is highlightedon the menu. To view successive photographs or to back upto a previous photograph, the user touches one of thearrows on the menu screen. If the downward-pointing arrowis touched while the last photograph is being viewed, theuser will move down to the next menu item: CHARACTERIS-TICS.

Menu categories can activate computer programs. Forexample, in the menus for missiles and fcr mines, the MIS-SION PROFILE category activates a program. The programcauses a previously saved mission profile for the missileor mine that is being viewed to be displayed on the centerscreen. (8)

Some categories contain data that can be used to movefrom one object type to another; these pieces of data arecalled kmy fLiJAZ and are displayed in red. For instance,the data displayed under the AIRCRAFT category of theSHIPS menu may contain key fields that are the identi-fiers(9) of the aircraft carried by the ship that is beingexamined. If one of these key fields, aircraft identi-fiers, is touched, the system will display a new menu thatwill enable the user to view information about that

(7) Key fields are defined later in this section.

(8) Mission profiles can be saved by using the SAVE PRO-FILE command in PAINT, SDMS's graphical editing system.

(9) These identifiers are the key attributes in the rela-tion corresponding to the object type being displayed.

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Section 2 Using SDMS

aircraft. The aircraft menu display will be the same asif the user had entered the menu display by zooming intothat aircraft icon from the AIRCRAFT Ispace.

The display on the left-hand screen shows each objectthat the user has selected (and has not backed out of) inthe current menu session. For example, Figure 2.11 showsthe left-hand display after the user has completed thefollowing sequence of menu display actions:

1. Enter the menu display through the KIEV carrier.

2. Select the ARMAMENTS menu category under KIEV. Thiscauses the system to display information about theKIEV's armaments.

3. Select the Gecko SA-N-4 key field displayed as part ofthe armaments information about the KIEV. This causesthe system to display a new menu (about missiles) forthe Gecko.

4. Select the ASSOCIATED PLATFORMS menu category underGecko. This causes the system to display a list of

* the platforms that have Gecko SA-N-4 missiles. TheKIEV is on this list.

5. Select the KIROV key field from the list of associatedplatforms for Gecko SA-N-4 missiles. This causes thesystem to display a ship menu again, this time for theKIROV cruiser.

6. Select the AIRCRAFT category from the ship menu forthe KIROV.

The user can exit or back out of the menu display inseveral ways. To back out of the menu display one levelat a time (until the Ispace is reached), the user eithertwists the joystick counterclockwise or touches the BACKmenu item. To back out to a particular level shown on theleft-hand screen, the user touches that level on theleft-hand screen. Menu levels are removed from the left-hand display as the user backs out of them. By touchingthe ENTRY DATA SURFACE category on the top of the left-hand display, the user will exit the menu display andreturn to the Ispace display.

-18-{

Using SDMVS Section 2

........ --------- ......,

""---!Han ScenIIIII1I

Figure 2.11 Multip~e Levels of Ispace Menu InteractionI (Left-Hand Screen)

SI

=3 m m ••-4m •mmn m~m-19m-

Section 2 Using SDMS

2.3 Map Display

To examine the map display, the user zooms into themap on the TOP world view by centering the map on thescreen and twisting the joystick clockwise. The mapdisplay's world view reveals the location of each U.S. andRussian platform by means of dots on a map of the world(Figure 2.12). The data that determine the placement ofthese dots comes from UTIPS (Upgraded Tactical InformationProcessing System). The displays normally show deter-ministic positions, which are updated sporadically byUTIPS. Probabilistic positions also can be displayed.Usually, these positions are updated much more frequently.An updated probabilistic position for one platform isavailable approximately every five seconds.

The map display on the center screen (Figure 2.13)consists of map images retrieved from a videodisk. Foreach platform within the range of the portion of the mapdisplayed on the screen, the approp:iate NTDS symbol andeither platform name (if available) or PIF code are super-imposed on the map at the platform's last recorded posi-tion. The symbols are color-coded to indicate whetherthey represent friendly (light blue), hostile (red), orunknown (white) platforms

The user can move across the map by pressing thejoystick. Because discrete videodisk images are beingdisplayed, the screen will jump from one map section toanother, rather than scrolling smoothly as with Ispaceimages. Each jump moves the user one-third of the widthor height of the screen. As usual, a highlighted rectan-gle on the world view screen covers the portion of theworld view that is displayed on the center screen.

The menu on the right-hand screen offers the user avariety of options while viewing the map display. Theseare pictured in Figure 2.14 and described in Figure 2.15.When the user enters the map display, all menu items areshown in red; items that have ON/OFF switches are OFF, andTRACK TYPE is set to DETERMINISTIC. When the user selectsan item, it changes to green (ON), and successively touch-ing the item causes it to alternate between being greenand red (ON and OFF).

The user can view successively more detailed maps bytwisting the joystick clockwise. When a more detailed mapis available for only a portion of the world view (and notthe entire world view), a white rectangle is shcwn on theleft-hand screen to define the area covered by the moredetailed map.

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Using SDMS Section 2

Fi u e2 1 ol iw o ap D sl y (et H n c e n

-21

ISection 2 Using SDMS

Figue 213 ap i~p~ay(CeTeSce)

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S Using SDMS Section 2

I

Figure 2J14 Map Display Menu (Right-Hand Screen)

S~-23-

POOT E.. v I

Section 2 Using SDMS

1nMAP MENU OPTION EXPLANATION----------------------------------------------------

I SHOW TRACKS (OFF/ON) Show UTIPS tracksI superimposed on a map

background.TRACK TYPES (DETERMINISTIC/ Select which UTIPS trackSiPROBABILISTIC) type to display.STRACK POSITIONS Show coordinates (deter-

ministic or probabilis-tic, whichever was lastselected by using TRACKTYPES) of a track that

Ithe user points to on--I the center screen.

Coordinates are printedon the bottom of the

I right-hand (menu) screen.1ISYMBOLS ONLY (OFF/ON) Show only NTDS symbols.-- SHOW OVERLAYS (OFF/ON) Show previously drawn

map overlays.MAKE OVERLAY (OFF/ON) Enter PAINT (with ICONS

mode disabled) to makemap overlays; to returnto the map display, exitPAINT.

SDELETE OVERLAY (OFF/ON) Delete the overlay asso-ciated with the currentmap frame, if there isany such overlay.

MAKE PORT Same as MAKE PORTI command in PAINT.

I DELETE PORT Same as UNMAKE command"I in PAINT.I EXIT Exit map display and go

to SDMS TOP level.RELATED ICONS Go to the Ispace display

i that corresponds to theI • iplatform type under the

cursor (ships, subma-I rines, or aircraft).-I- iTwisting the joystickI counterclockwise causesp the user to zoom out of

the Ispace display andI ! /back to the map display.

Figure 2.15 Description of Map Display Menu Options

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Using SDMS Section 2

Videodisk images for maps of the world are availableat five scales of resolution:

I : 40 million1 : 201 : 10: ~1:5 "1 : 2.5

On entering the map display, the user views the 1:40 mil-lion world map. Each time the joystick is twisted clock-wise, the user zooms into the next most detailed map.Each time the joystick is twisted counterclockwise, theuser pops back to the previous, less detailed map.

Videodisk images of ONCs (Operational NavigationalCharts), GNCs (Global Navigational Charts), and JNC (JetNavigational Charts) also are available for cert 4 in partsof the world. These maps are stored on the videodisk atthree scales:

1 : 800,0001 : 400,0001 : 200,000

If the image on the center screen is of an area that iscovered by one of these smaller-scale maps, the user canzoom into the map by twisting the joystick clockwise afterzooming through all the full-world maps.

The user can obtain more detailed information about aplatform by touching it or by selecting it with the cur-sor. If the selected platform is represented on anispace, the user is transported out of the map display andinto that Ispace. Otherwise, the user is directed to theRELATED ICONS menu item. By selecting RELATED ICONS, theuser will enter the Ispace that corresponds to the plat-form type under consideration (ships, submarines, or air-craft). To return to the map display from an Ispace, theuser twists the joystick counterclockwise.

To exit the map display and return to the TOP level,the user twists the joystick counterclockwise while view-ing the least detailed map (1:40 million).

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SSystem Environment Section 3

t IIJ:

3. System EnvironmentiSDMS consists of 50,000 lines of code written in the

C language, running under the UNIX operating system. TheUSS Carl Vinson SDMS system is implemented on a DEC PDP-

1. 11/70.

The GDS is viewed via three Advanced ElectronicDisplay (AED) frame buffer displays. Each display has itsown 512x512x8 bit memory ftom which the image on the colorscreen is generated.

I IThe SDMS user station consists of the following items:

*3 19-inch color monitors with high-resolution shadowmasks

e 3 Touch-sensitive digitizers

* 1 Joystick

* 1 Data tablet

* 2 MCA/Pioneer videodisk players with outboard RS232controller/interfaces

!-6

i -26-

Bibliography Section 4

I.

4. Bibliography

SSDMS RefeggnQ

Herot, Christopher F., et al. QygrLig DIlb.U sptialData ManAgemeJt Sygte Technical Report CCA-81-08,Computer Corporation of America (November 1982).

Herot, Christopher F. "Spatial Management of Data." A0Transactions 2Dn D S, 5, 4 (December1980) 493-513.

Herot, Christopher F., et al. "A Prototype Spatial DataManagement System." A0k Qjpjjt= Qra]2hic, 14, 3(July 1980). Special issue containing the proceed-ings of SIGGRAPH '80, Seattle, Washington, July 1980.

Herot, Christopher F., et al. "Spatial Data ManagementSystem." Pgof gding 2 hI 1=80 Qffige AutomationC, Atlanta, Georgia, 3-5 March 1980.

Herot, Christopher F. "A Spatial Graphical Man-MachineInterface." In S.H. Lavington, ed. Infxuion PX.o-geiang AA. North-Holland Publishing Company (1980).

Herot, Christopher F., et al. Snatial DA ManagemeatSyLte: 9e-Annual Thn1 Re . TechnicalReport CCA-79-25, Computer Corporation of America (30June 1979).

Herot, Christopher F., et al. SRkU... Da t 11anaMS"Sa -- Deat il Design jUMent. Computer Cor-poration of America (6 October 1978).

"Spatial Data Management System," 1/2" videotape. Com-puter Corporation of America (30 January 1980).

-27-I.

_ Section 4 Bibliography

I: Ii ~~I QLLI VAr01 MnAMn~K DocumentAtion

Herot, Christopher F., et al. flS Ca hl VDnsn hfl over-Y±AW D.GMent. Computer Corporation of America(February 1983).

Barnett, Jane, Richard Carling, David Kramlich, and RonniL. Rosenberg. L1 CALI Vinson SDMS Qpator'.SI MAnal. Computer Corporation of America (February1983).

I. Schmolze, Jim, Mark Friedell, and Ronni L. Rosenberg,ICD& e Man uJal. Computer Corporation of Amer-

ica (February 1983).

= Carling, Richard, and Ronni L. Rosenberg. RAI Reference-Anuaa.. Computer Corporation of America (February

"1 1983).

Schmolze, Jim, Mark Friedell, and Ronni L. Rosenberg,SQUEL R nIZ . Computer Corporation ofAmerica (February 1983).

I-

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Glossary Section 5

5. Glossary

This section contains definitions of terms usedthroughout the USS USS Carl Vinson SDMS documentation.

* Unless otherwise noted, section numbers refer to sectionsin this document.

Data Surface: A single, flat surface on which icons arearranged. Data surface is synonymous with imageplane.

Graphical Data Space (GDS): The collection of all datasurfaces, or all the graphical information that theuser can access.

Icon: A picture that represents some object in the data-base. For instance, an icon can represent one ormore tuples in a database.

Image Plane (iplane): A data surface. A representation ofan information space at one level of detail. A moredetailed image plane contains more detailed represen-tations of each icon in the information space. Typi-cally, an information space is represented at severallevels of detail, to allow the effect of zooming intothe icons.

Information Space (Ispace): Typically, a collection oficons that represent related data. An informationspace includes an image plane for the world view andone or more image planes that are viewed on the maindisplay screen.

PAINT: SDMS's interactive system for creating and manipu-lating pictures on the screen.

Port: Transition point between two information spaces.Zooming into a port causes the user to pop throughthe current information space into another one.Ports act as trap doors into information spaces.Process ports act as trap doors to processes in theunderlying computer system.

SQUEL: Spatial QUEry Language. SQUEL is the SDMS queryand commana language.

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Section 5 Glossary

TOP Level: The first display the user views when he runsSDMS.

I. World View: The high level view of an SDMS informationspace that is presented on the left-hand displayscreen of the user station. At any given time, theworld view is a less detailed or faraway view of theinformation on the center screen. The world view isuseful for orienting one's self in a large informa-tion space and for moving quickly from one area ofthe data surface to another.

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1. Acronyms and Abbreviations Section 6

1l.6. Acronyms and Abbreviations

DBMS database management system

GDS Graphical Data Space

ICDL Icon Class Description Language

iplane Image plane

Ispace Information space

SDMS Spatial Data Management System

SQUEL Spatial QUEry Language

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