Hudson Institute

Hudson Institute2008 annual report

Hudson Institute is a nonpartisan, independent policy research

organization dedicated to innovative research and analysis that

promotes global security, prosperity, and freedom.

Founded in 1961 by strategist Herman Kahn, Hudson Institute

challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strategic

transitions to the future through interdisciplinary studies in

defense, international relations, economics, health care, tech-

nology, culture, and law.

With offices in Washington and New York, Hudson seeks to

guide public policy makers and global leaders in government

and business through a vigorous program of publications, con-

ferences, and policy briefings and recommendations.

Hudson Institute is a 501(c)(3) organization financed by tax-

deductible contributions from private individuals, corporations,

foundations, and by government grants.

2008 annual report 3

Message from the Chairman, CEO, and President

International Security, Foreign Policy,and Global Affairs

Economics, Trade, and Science

Society, Culture, and Philanthropy

Hudson New York

Hudson History and Herman Kahn

Outreach

Hudson Institute Press

Support for Hudson

Finances

In Memoriam

Hudson Scholars and Centers

Hudson Leadership

CONTENTS

“Hudson Institute is one of America’s foremost

policy research centers, known and respected around

the globe, a leader in innovative thinking and creative

solutions for challenges of the present and future.”

–HENRY KISSINGER

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4 hudson institute

inancial upheaval, a historic presidential elec-

tion, turmoil in the oil markets, and the threat of a

nuclear Iran dominated the news in 2008.

Hudson Institute scholars played a prominent role in

critical debates on these and other major policy issues.

As early as February 2007, a Hudson forum sounded

warning bells on an impending subprime mortgage cri-

sis, which months later consumed the world’s attention.

By the end of 2008, when the scope of the economic

down turn became apparent, Hudson scholars had al-

ready brought significant expertise to debates over the

effectiveness of bailouts, the future of financial regula-

tion, and the fate of capitalism itself. Our scholars also

examined the side effects of the crisis, such as the impli-

cations for American philanthropy and the impact on

the developing world.

In the midst of this economic turbulence, Hudson

scholars kept sight of numerous other policy priorities.

Our researchers focused on the intricate challenges to re-

gional and global security stemming from Islamic funda-

mentalism and terrorism, renewed tensions with an

increasingly hostile Russia, the resurgence of China, a

destabilized Pakistan, and the looming danger of a nu-

clear-armed Iran.

Hudson’s innovative and nonpartisan scholarship—

as it has done for nearly fifty years—helps shape and

guide public policy. In reading this annual report, you

will see the impact of Hudson’s policy research, as evi-

denced by the introduction of significant legislative re-

form to combat sex trafficking; the willingness of former

senior administration officials to choose Hudson as the

venue to discuss openly, for the first time, the failures and

the successes of the Iraq War; or the increased awareness

of radical Islam among policymakers and legislators.

This year has been one of extraordinary growth for

Hudson. Six new Senior Fellows, each with first-class

records of significant policy and research accomplish-

ment and many with service at the highest levels of gov-

ernment, joined the Institute. In 2008 we welcomed Seth

Cropsey, former Deputy Under Secretary of the Navy;

Douglas Feith, former Under Secretary of Defense for

Policy; Christopher Ford, former Deputy Assistant Sec-

retary of State for Nonproliferation Policy; Rod Hunter,

former Senior Director for International Economic Pol-

icy at the National Security Council; Hassan Mneimneh,

former Executive Director of the Iraq Memory Founda-

tion; and Andrew Natsios, former Administrator of the

U.S. Agency for International Development. Meanwhile,

Hudson bid farewell to Husain Haqqani, who was called

back to public service as Pakistan’s Ambassador to the

United States.

In Washington alone, we held more than one hundred

public conferences—events that drew live broadcast cov-

erage from networks including C-SPAN, CNBC, Fox

News, CBS, CNN, and Bloomberg TV—and garnered

press coverage in every major U.S. newspaper. Our New

Message from the Chairman, CEO, and President

F


ALLAN R. TESSLER KENNETH R. WEINSTEIN HERBERT I. LONDON

Chairman of the Board of Trustees Chief Executive Officer President

ALLAN R. TESSLER KENNETH R. WEINSTEIN HERBERT I. LONDON

York Briefing Series hosted twenty-nine high-profile

expert guests to engage in dialogue with its distinguished

membership. The Institute’s publications, most notably

Hudson’s signature Index of Global Philanthropy and

Current Trends in Islamic Ideology, were cited by major

media outlets around the globe.

Hudson also made significant progress in strength-

ening its management infrastructure. Enders Wimbush

was appointed Senior Vice President for International

Policy and Programs to consolidate Hudson’s growing

international field of expertise. The Institute also recon-

stituted its development office to build its general

fundraising capacity and increase focus on project-based

funding. A dedicated events and audio/visual coordina-

tor was appointed to further professionalize our public

outreach.

The year 2008 was also a year of significant loss for

Hudson. We note with sorrow the passing of longtime

Trustee Wally Sellers and newer Trustee Tom Whitehead.

They both brought insight and dedication to the Board

and will be sorely missed by all. Former Senior Fellow

William Odom’s death was a great loss to those who

knew and admired him. Odom, the Army three-star

general who served as Director of the National Security

Agency during the Reagan administration, had been at

the Institute for more than two decades.

There will be new challenges for Hudson in 2009, as

there will be for our nation and the world. Hudson has

not been immune to the difficulties brought on by the

economic downturn. But in true Hudson fashion, we

hold strongly to the belief that we have the ability to

make a difference. The three of us will continue to work

hard with our colleagues on the Board of Trustees, schol-

ars, and staff to provide an invigorating environment for

out-of-the-box thinking and to extend our sights for

what is possible in the future. Hudson scholars have

gained respect for questioning conventional wisdom in

their quest to reach the heart of a problem, while recog-

nizing the importance of values, culture, and religion.

These accomplishments keep us optimistic about

human kind’s ability to overcome the seemingly insur-

mount able. Above all, we are proud to belong to an in-

stitution that cultivates workable public policies to

promote global freedom, prosperity, and security.

6 hudson institute

udson Institute was founded in 1961,

in the middle of the Cold War, when world affairs were

dominated by the life and death struggle between the So-

viet Union and the free world, perhaps the most danger-

ous era in human history due to the advent of nuclear

weapons. To face this unprecedented intellectual chal-

lenge—under the guidance of Herman Kahn—Hudson

scholars devoted their attention to shaping U.S. nuclear

deterrence theory and policy through such seminal pub-

lications such as On Escalation and Thinking About the

Unthinkable. At the same time, the world was on the

verge of the greatest expansion of economic activity and

technological advances in history, which would spread

the dynamism of liberal capitalism around the globe.

Today’s world is marked by new challenges. The rise

of Asia, the unstable security architecture of the former

Soviet sphere of influence, significant ferment in the Is-

lamic world, and the enormous challenges to the global

econ omic system now pose enormous threats.

In the face of these challenges, Hudson scholars con -

tinue their tradition of important research in fields that

include the future of Islam, religious freedom and human

rights, international development, energy security, tech-

nology and global security, political-military affairs, and

national security strategies, as well as region al-based

analysis focused on Canada, Latin America, Europe, Asia,

Central Asia, and the Middle East.

Hudson research in all these fields is characterized by

a strong analytic framework that challenges the conven-

tional wisdom through a strategic approach to policy

linked with an abiding respect for the critical role of his-

tory in human affairs, a deep knowledge of the impact of

culture on politics, and proper appreciation of the central

importance of technology and demography as driving

factors in international politics. As during the height of

the Cold War, our scholars are guided by the same faith

in the ability of sound thinking and reasoned analysis to

help us navigate through today’s challenging times.

International and National Security

¶ The Center for Technology and Global Security was es-

tablished under Director and Senior Fellow Christopher

Ford in September 2008. Ford joined the Institute di-

rectly from his position at the Department of State as the

U.S. Representative on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Treaty (NPT). He brings his expertise to the study of pro-

liferation issues, including production capacity, emerging

future threats, and alternatives to conventional disarma -

ment dynamics.

¶ Hudson continued its assistance on the Project on

National Security Reform (PNSR), a multiyear, multi-

International Security, Foreign Policy, and Global Affairs

H


institutional forum to develop recommendations for

substantial regulatory, statutory, and congressional

re forms. This year’s program examined the possibility of

a new National Security Act, presidential directives to

implement changes that do not require legislation, and

changes to congressional rules governing committee

structure and practice to provide support oversight of

interagency operations, activities, and programs. Hudson

CEO Kenneth Weinstein is a member of the guiding

coalition.

¶ As leader of the PNSR Case Study Working Group,

Senior Fellow Richard Weitz edited the Project on Na-

tional Security Reform: Case Studies, Vol. 1 comprising

eleven cases on how the U.S. government has managed

its security crisis with China, how it has countered for-

eign intelligence operations against the United States,

and how it organized to wage war in Vietnam, Somalia,

and Iraq.

¶ The first comprehensive discussion of the war in Iraq

and its aftermath lead by Bush administration officials

was held at a conference open to the public in April.

The event, which attracted significant press attention,

featured former Deputy Secretary for Defense Paul

Wolfowitz, former Under Secretary of Defense Douglas

Feith, former Foreign Policy Adviser Dan Senor, and

former Assistant Secretary of Defense Peter Rodman. On

the occasion of the release of Douglas Feith’s New York

Times bestselling book, War and Decision: Inside the Pen-

tagon at the Dawn of the War on Terrorism (Harper,

2008), the event allowed for a frank analysis of mistakes

and successes of the war.

¶ Douglas Feith joined Hudson as a Senior Fellow and

established the Center for National Security Strategies in

September. The Center, directed by Feith, analyzes key

strategic relationships with a focus on how the U.S. gov-

ernment’s capacity for national security work can be im-

proved. The Center has a joint project with Harvard

University’s Kennedy School of Government to promote

the development of a properly organized Civilian Re-

sponse Corps (CRC). The CRC will provide the Presi-

dent with a civilian capability to conduct stabilization

and reconstruction operations in partnership with the

military.

¶ Feith has also collaborated with members of Congress,

congressional staffers, and outside experts in analyzing

the implications of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

(CTBT) and the START treaty, both of which are likely

to be debated in the Senate in 2009.

¶ During its summit in Bucharest, NATO characterized

the alliance’s commitment to Afghan istan as “our top

priority” and set the goal of establishing “an enduring

“There are a small handful of institutions that helped us win the Cold War, and

Hudson Institute is one of them. But Hudson continues to look ahead imaginatively

to the problems and the solutions of the future. Hudson gives us the intellectual tools

for the next great challenge.” –MARGARET THATCHER

8 hudson institute

stable, secure, prosperous, and democratic state, respect-

ful of human rights and free from the threat of terror-

ism.” In April, Hudson held an event to discuss how

NATO might realize these admirable but challenging ob-

jectives; panelists included Senior Fellow Richard Weitz

and Senior Vice President for International Programs

and Policy S. Enders Wimbush.

Latin America

¶ In May, Jaime Daremblum, Director of the Center for

Latin American Studies, published How to Strengthen

Democracy in Latin America. The monograph outlines

the enduring challenges Latin America faces, including

poverty, radical populism, education, and the struggle to

adapt to globalization. In October, an event examining

the challenges of Latin America’s radical populism fea-

tured among its panelists Costa Rica’s former Finance

Minister Thelmo Vargas.

¶ The Center directed events in conjunction with other

Hudson centers throughout the year, examining growing

trends of influence in Latin America. These included a

conference in July on China’s economic and ideological

inroads into South America. The Center highlighted the

increasing presence of Iran in Latin America and concern

over its efforts to breed anti-American sentiment, foment

terrorism, and frustrate Latin America’s attempts to pro-

mote democracy throughout the region.

¶ In June, Daremblum correctly warned of the prospects

of a FMLN victory in El Salvador in The Weekly Standard.

He noted that “by this time next year, it may control both

the presidency and the Assembly.”

¶ In October, the Center cohosted a special forum with

the Congressional Hispanic Leadership Institute on

strengthening U.S.-Latin American relations through free

trade agreements. Among the speakers were Representatives

Mario Diaz-Balart (R-FL) and Henry Cuellar (D-TX).

Canada and North America

¶ Throughout 2008, visiting Canadian leaders, including

Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Ministers for Finance,

Foreign Affairs, and Public Safety, sought meetings with

Hudson Senior Fellows Marie-Josée Kravis, Kenneth

Weinstein, Carol Adelman, Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Paul

Marshall, Christopher Sands, and John Weicher.

¶ In response to threats made by the U.S. presidential can-

didates to cancel or renegotiate NAFTA, leaders from Canada

and Mexico gathered in New Orleans for a trilateral sub -

mit to discuss U.S. trade policy after the Bush admin is tration.

JAIME DAREMBLUM, CHARLES HORNER, AND ROD HUNTER KENNETH WEINSTEIN, HILLEL FRADKIN, AND SOCIAL CRITIC IRVING KRISTOL


Senior Fellows Rod Hunter and Chris topher Sands held an

event in April to pose the question of the role of the Security

and Prosperity Partnership (SPP),especially in eliminating

non-tariff barriers, streamlining inspections and regulations,

and seeking agreement on standards for secur ity and prod-

uct safety. The key guest panelist at the event was U.S. Under

Secretary of Commerce Christopher Padilla.

¶ Elections in Canada and the United States overlapped

in 2008, with Canadians holding parliamentary elections

on October 14. Sands and Canadian Senator Hugh Segal

discussed the elections at a Hudson panel in October.

¶ In partnership with the Ontario-based Centre for In-

ternational Governance Innovation, Sands recorded a series

of five videos on issues in the U.S. election—covering the

economy, border security, NAFTA, presidential leadership,

and energy and the environment—that were distributed

to a network of scholars across North America.

¶ Anticipating new attention on health care reform,

Sands hosted a book launch in December for University

of Waterloo Professor Gerard Boychuk, whose book,

National Health Insurance in the United States and Canada:

Race, Territory and the Roots of Difference (George town

University Press, 2008), provocatively compares the two

systems. Senior Fellow Ronald Dworkin and Visiting

Fellow Hanns Kuttner commented.

Europe

¶ In February, Hudson held an event that analyzed how

the transatlantic cooperation between the United States

and Poland could enhance Europe’s energy security. Dis-

cussants included Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw

Sikorski, Hudson CEO Kenneth Weinstein, and Senior

Fellows Zeyno Baran and John O’Sullivan.

¶ Baran produced a paper examining the security im pli-

cations of the planned South Stream pipeline from

Russia to Europe. Commissioned by the European Par -

lia ment, Baran’s paper, titled “Security Aspects of the South

Stream Project,” has been essential in highlighting con -

cerns about South Stream and the threats presented by this

pipeline to the EU-backed Nabucco project, which aims

to supply Caspian and Middle Eastern gas to Europe free

from Russian control. Baran presented this paper at various

conferences throughout the year.

¶ In July, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Po-

litical-Military Analysis Richard Weitz released his book,

Kazakhstan and the New International Politics of Eurasia

(Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, 2008), which reviews how

Kazakhstan’s foreign policy has evolved over the past two

decades. It highlights the country’s key bilateral relation-

ships as well as its ties with Eurasia’s main institutions.

JEFFREY GOLDBERG OF ATLANTIC MONTHLY, MEYRAV WURMSER, AND SHMUEL ROSNER OF HA’ARETZ HERBERT LONDON, ANDREI ILLARIONOV OF CATO INSTITUTE, AND ANDREI PIONTKOVSKY

¶ Senior Fellow Seth Cropsey conducted a project to define

the contours and problems of Europe in the year 2025. It

analyzed several key long-term trends, such as demography,

economic stagnation, burgeoning immigrant populations,

and Islamization, as well as traditional national security

threats. The conclusions of the study included numerous

insights for the future of Europe and continued transat-

lantic partnerships.

¶ Hudson CEO Kenneth Weinstein continued to nurture

Hudson’s connections with the French government and

public. France’s Ambassador to the United States, Pierre

Vimont, was a special guest at a breakfast discussion hosted

by Weinstein in February. That same month, Weinstein

was awarded one of the highest honors of the French

Republic, the Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, a

knighthood in recognition of his critical work on improv-

ing U.S.-French relations in the aftermath of the Iraq War

and for his scholarship on French political philosophy. We-

instein was also a regular commentator on U.S. politics

and transatlantic relations in the French media.

Russia

¶ Visiting Fellow Andrei Piontkovsky released his book

Russian Identity (Hudson Institute Press) in December.

Covering modern Russian history, Piontkovsky analyzes

events from early 2006 through the fall of 2008, including

the rise of systemic corruption, the cultivation of xeno-

phobia, and a growing assault on independent media.

Stephen Sestanovich, former Special Adviser to the Sec-

retary of State on the Soviet Union, noted that Piontkovsky

“was the first who warned us of the true nature of Putin’s

regime and its geopolitical implications.”

¶ A second edition of Piontkovsky’s book, Evolution of

Strategic Stability Concepts, was released in Moscow.

Containing a blueprint for transition from traditional

Cold War “Mutual Assured Destruction” concepts to-

ward a new “Mutual Assured Protection” paradigm, it

provides useful material for the forthcoming U.S.-Russia

arms control talks.

¶ In December, the Basmanny Court of Moscow ab-

solved Piontkovsky of “extremism” charges laid by the

Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB).

This case was an important legal precedent. The final

trial decision was the culmination of the Hudson

scholar’s two-year-long public opposition to the Putin

regime’s repressive FSB machine. It was the first—and

hopefully the last—attempt by Russian authorities to use

a new law on extremism against political opponents.

¶ In his monograph released in August, China-Russia

Security Relations: Strategic Parallelism without Partnership

10 hudson institute

MANEEZA HOSSAIN JAIME DAREMBLUM AND CAROL ADELMAN LAURENT MURAWIEC


or Passion (Strategic Studies Institute), Senior Fellow

Richard Weitz argues that, although Chinese-Russian re-

lations have improved along several important dimen-

sions, security cooperation between Beijing and Moscow

has remained limited, episodic, and tenuous. American

officials need to pursue a mixture of “shaping and hedg-

ing” policies that aim to avert a hostile Chinese-Russian

alignment while concurrently preparing the United States

to better counter such a development should it arise.

Eurasia

¶ Zeyno Baran, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center

for Eurasian Policy, released a white paper in June enti-

tled The Azerbaijan-Turkey-U.S. Relationship and Its Im-

portance for Eurasia. This paper, translated into Turkish

and Azerbaijani, provides a summary and conclusions

from a 2007 conference organized by the Institute on tri-

lateral cooperation between Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the

United States. Participants at the conference argued that

each of the three countries is eager to bolster trilateral

relations, but that numerous disagreements exist about

the nature of that relationship and what role each coun-

try should play.

¶ A public panel discussion examining the implications

of the Georgian elections with guest speaker Georgian

Ambassador Vasil Sikharulidze was held in January and

featured Baran and Senior Fellow Charles Fairbanks.

¶ In June, the Center hosted Georgian State Minister for

Reintegration Temuri Yakobashvili, the chief negotiator

and former member of the managing board of the

Council of Foreign Relations of Georgia and the Atlantic

Council of Georgia, to discuss developments on the

“frozen” conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

¶ The following month, when Russia rolled its tanks and

artillery into Georgia on the eve of the Beijing Olympics,

Hudson scholars were frequently sought out by the

media to discuss the situation. From the internal political

ramifications in Russia to the constantly changing geo -

strategic implications of the crisis, Hudson scholars

Zeyno Baran, Charles Fairbanks, John O’Sullivan, Andrei

Piontkovsky, David Satter, Richard Weitz, and others ex-

amined the crisis from many perspectives.

Asia

¶ Senior Fellow Charles Horner and Research Fellow Eric

Brown led a study focusing on lesser-known factors af-

fecting Chinese policy including demography, religion,

and cultural change. The project moved beyond the two

leading and opposing “China Threat” and “Peaceful Rise”

PAKISTANI AMBASSADOR HUSAIN HAQQANI AND ALLAN TESSLER JAMES NICHOLS OF CLAREMONT MCKENNA COLLEGE, FRANCIS FUKUYAMA, AND NATHAN TARCOV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

interpretations of China to get at a deeper understanding

of emerging dynamics and trends in that country.

¶ To provide clarity on U.S.-Chinese relations in the cur-

rent climate, in June Hudson hosted Charles Wolf, Jr., of

the Pardee RAND Graduate School to present his argu-

ment that U.S.-Chinese relations should be assessed with

a balance sheet providing both positive and negative en-

tries. Hudson Senior Fellows S. Enders Wimbush and

Horner also commented.

¶ Wimbush organized a major study exploring the pol itical

and strategic implications of changing demographics in

East Asian nations. Several countries in Asia will under -

go significant demographic changes in the next twenty years,

including low birth rates, aging populations, gender im-

balances, and unemployed migrants. The study explored

the policy options available to countries in the region and

how those choices could affect U.S. interests in Asia.

Middle East

¶ The Center for Middle East Policy, directed by Senior

Fellow Meyrav Wurmser, held events throughout the year

focusing on the trends that shape the region’s political cli-

mate. The Center conducted an all-day conference in May

examining Iran’s relationship with Hamas and Hezbollah

and Iranian nuclear intentions. The panelists included

Harvard University’s Martin Kramer and Georgetown

University’s Michael Oren.

¶ In May, the Center hosted Atlantic Monthly journalist

Jeffrey Goldberg and Ha’aretz correspondent Shmuel

Ros ner for a retrospective on the state of Israeli politics,

the country’s relationship with the Palestinians, and the

status of the peace process.

Iran

¶ Iran has been at the center of America’s foreign policy

debate, but relatively little is known about the ideas that

12 hudson institute

shape Iran’s domestic and foreign agenda, including its nu-

clear ambitions. Hudson scholars hosted several events

throughout the year designed to improve understanding

of the nation and its culture. Hillel Fradkin, Director

of the Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of

the Muslim World, held an event in March with Ze’ev

Maghen, a leading Israeli specialist on modern Iran, to

examine the history of radical Islamic thought and how

it influences current events and world politics.

¶ Also in March, Senior Fellow Meyrav Wurmser mod-

erated an event with the Center for Monitoring the Im-

pact of Peace (CMIP) to discuss its survey showing that

Iranian educational textbooks indoctrinate students into

the global jihadi mindset by depicting a world divided

into Manichean forces of “good” and “evil” that are des-

tined to clash.

¶ In testimony before the U.S. Commission on Interna-

tional Religious Freedom in February, Senior Fellow Paul

Marshall of the Center for Religious Freedom made the

case for why the Iranian government deserves attention

as one of the world’s worst religious persecutors.

¶ Hudson CEO Kenneth Weinstein served on a task force

sponsored by the National Security Initiative, a program

of the Bipartisan Policy Center, which in September re-

leased a report identifying the regional and global threats

posed by a nuclear Iran. The report, entitled Meeting the

Challenge: U.S. Policy Toward Iranian Nuclear Deployment,

recommended a new, robust, and comprehensive strategy

designed to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons

capability. The task force was led by former Senators Daniel

Coats and Charles Robb and included Ambassador

Dennis Ross, Stephen Rademaker, three retired four-star

generals and admirals, and other experts in nuclear pro-

liferation and energy markets.

Islam

¶ In April, Visiting Senior Fellow with the Center on

Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World


14 hudson institute

Husain Haqqani was appointed Pakistan’s Ambassador

to the United States. Haqqani had previously served as

Pakistan’s Ambassador to Sri Lanka and as a political ad-

viser to Pakistani prime ministers Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi,

Nawaz Sharif, and Benazir Bhutto.

¶ Given his close relationship to Bhutto, Haqqani was at

the forefront of press coverage in the aftermath of Bhutto’s

assassination, providing analysis and commentary on her

life, legacy, and the future of Pakistani politics.

¶ In January, following the one-year anniversary of the

declaration of a state of emergency in Bangladesh, Hud-

son Senior Fellow Maneeza Hossain presented her new

book, Broken Pendulum: Bangladesh’s Swing to Radical-

ism (Hudson Institute Press), which explores the factors

contributing to a process of radicalization in that nation.

¶ In July, Senior Fellow Zeyno Baran gave testimony before

the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Gov-

ernmental Affairs on ways to counter violent Islamist ex-

tremism. She argued that the first step on the path to jihadi

terrorism is instruction in Islamist ideology. Nearly all in-

dividuals involved in terrorism start out as nonviolent ex-

tremists. The deciding factor in determining which Mus-

lims can be allies should not be based on their tactics or

methods, but instead on whether they are Islamist or not.

¶ Following its conference in October of 2007, the Center

on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim

World conducted a comprehensive analysis of the Mus-

lim Brotherhood movement and its history and pros -

pects in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.

The assessment formed the basis of Volume VI of its

biannual publication, Current Trends in Islamist Ideology

(Hudson Institute Press).

¶ Volume VII of Current Trends in Islamist Ideology

(Hudson Institute Press) was released in November. The

volume features an essay by Hudson Visiting Scholar

Nibras Kazimi, entitled the “Caliphate Attempted,” which

describes the dispute that has developed within al-Qaeda

over the movement’s failed efforts to reconstruct an

Islamic Caliphate in Iraq. The volume also includes

essays on religious politics in Pakistan, the Sunni and

Shiite revival in post-Soviet Azerbaijan, jihadism in Italy

and Germany, and the Muslim Brotherhood’s concept

of education.

¶ In October, Senior Fellow Laurent Murawiec’s The

Mind of Jihad (Cambridge University Press) broke new

ground in understanding and investigating modern

jihad. Murawiec examines the similarities between

Europe’s medieval apocalyptic and millenarian insurrec-

tions and modern Mahdism in the world of Islam. He

MICHAEL MCFAUL OF THE NSC, DIPLOMAT RICHARD WILLIAMSON, ZEYNO BARAN, HOOVER’S LARRY DIAMOND, GEORGE STEPHANOPOULOS, AND AMY KAUFFMAN MICHAEL HOROWITZ


reveals that the ideological nature of Mahdism is a novel

mix of Gnosticism and totalitarian doctrines on the

tribal backdrop.

¶ Research Fellow Eric Brown, Senior Fellow S. Enders

Wimbush, and Visiting Fellow Hassan Mneimneh com-

pleted the first stage of work on developing strategies for

competing with radical ideological forces in the Islamic

world and elsewhere by empowering local actors who

seek to limit or thwart the radicals’ influence. Wimbush

and Mneimneh are continuing to build the analytical

and operational architecture for pursuing these goals.

Defense Strategy and Security Planning

¶ Senior Vice President for International Programs and

Policy S. Enders Wimbush led a team of Hudson fellows—

Seth Cropsey, Diana Furchtgott-Roth and Alex Alexiev—

in an assessment of Europe’s likely competitive strength

in 2025, exploring a range of demographic, economic, and

defense variables.

¶ Senior Fellow and Trustee Max Singer completed an

analysis, “Long Range Perspectives on Defense,”which ex -

plored the potential spread of precision-guided offensive

missile technology (including cruise missiles and UAVs)

to more countries and to nonstate actors; potential new

active defense technologies and systems; the possible

spread of weapons of mass destruction to additional

countries; and changing diplomatic and power relation-

ships in the world.

¶ Senior Fellow Laurent Murawiec examined a future

security landscape in northeast Asia in his study, “The

Great Siberian War of 2030,” in which Siberia figures as

the likely target of a number of countries’ strategies in

the next few decades. He explored the possible future dy-

namics of extraordinary changes now only emerging in

the geopolitics of Eurasia that feature a large number of

rapidly evolving strategic actors.

¶ Senior Fellow Charles Horner and Research Fellow Eric

Brown sought to understand the roots of Chinese think -

ing in their “Deconstructing China.”They argued that the

New Sinology helps us to think about China not solely as

an “Asian power” that may or may not be “rising.”

¶ Wimbush joined with AEI’s Nicholas Eberstadt to ex-

plore “Strategic Demography,” a multiyear project that

attempts to understand how and to what extent popula-

tion increases and decreases, aging, gender imbalances,

S. ENDERS WIMBUSH ZEYNO BARAN AND POLISH FOREIGN MINISTER RADOSLAW SIKORSKI DOUGLAS FEITH

16 hudson institute

and other demographic trends and anomalies affect the

way strategic planners assess the strengths and weak-

nesses of their competitive positions.

¶ Research Fellow Mary FitzGerald directed a project to

examine the growing importance of space-based systems

and the development of counterspace capabilities that

could potentially compromise U.S. military strategy

throughout both near- and long-term planning periods.

Human Trafficking

¶ In February, Senior Fellow Richard Weitz moderated a

conference featuring Ambassador Mark P. Lagon, Direc-

tor of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in

Persons (TIP) at the State Department, on curbing the

demand sustaining human trafficking. Of the estimated

800,000 people trafficked across international borders

annually, 80 percent of victims are female and as many as

50 percent are minors. Hundreds of thousands of these

women and children are used in prostitution each year.

¶ In November, Senior Fellow Michael Horowitz played

a crucial role in uniting a broad coalition of antitraffick-

ing experts and advocates to negotiate the details of the

historic William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protec-

tion Reauthorization Act. The law, which was signed into

effect in December, gives the U.S. government expanded

powers to prevent trafficking in the United States and

abroad, protect victims, and bring criminal charges and

harsher punishment upon those engaged in human traf-

ficking. The bill also empowers the United States to at-

tempt to halt the use of children as soldiers in other

countries. Of Horowitz’s role in the legislation, the Wash-

ington Times wrote that “it is safe to say the legislation

would not exist without the wholehearted passion and

incredible commitment, dedication, skill, and determi-

nation of Michael Horowitz. . . . His skill in brokering

legislative victories is unparalleled.”

Religious Freedom

¶ In April, the Center for Religious Freedom’s Director

and Senior Fellow Nina Shea briefed the Congressional

Human Rights Caucus Task Force for International

Religious Freedom documenting human rights abuses

in North Korea. Once nicknamed “Jerusalem of the East”

because of the strong influence of Christianity, Pyong -

yang now has only four churches, which seem to be used

solely to impress Western observers. The Center’s new

World Survey of Religious Freedom ranked North Korea

as the lowest on its religious freedom scale.

PATRICK MENDIS OF JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY AND RICHARD WEITZJOHN O’SULLIVAN AND FORMER SPANISH PRIME MINISTER JOSÉ MARÍA AZNAR


¶ The Center published its 2008 Update: Saudi Arabia’s

Curriculum of Intolerance exposing that the same violent

and intolerant teachings against other religious believers

described in the 2006 edition of the report still remain in

Saudi textbooks. The report was released to coincide

with the September deadline for the removal of intoler-

ant teachings the Saudis committed to after extensive bi-

lateral negations with the United States. The Washington

Post’s Anne Applebaum wrote of the report’s significance

that “Saudi schoolbooks are a special case. They are writ-

ten and produced by the Saudi government and are dis-

tributed, free, to Saudi-sponsored Muslim schools as far

afield as Lagos and Buenos Aires.”

¶ In May, Hudson Institute’s Center for European Studies

cohosted with the Kairos Journal and the Neuwaldegg

Institute a conference in Vienna, Austria, entitled “Post-

Christian Europe and Resurgent Islam.” Participating

Christians, Jews, Muslims, and secularists examined how

European countries should respond to the arrival of

Islam and large Muslim communities. Hudson President

Herbert London and Senior Fellows Zeyno Baran and

Paul Marshall presented papers. Former Spanish Prime

Minister José Mariá Aznar, Father Richard Neuhaus, and

the Rt. Rev. Michael Nazir-Ali also presented.

¶ Senior Fellow Paul Marshall, Adjunct Scholar Lela

Gilbert, and Roberta Green Ahmanson coauthored the

2008 book Blind Spot: When Journalists Don’t Get Religion

(Oxford University Press), in which they examined how

the media frequently miss or misunderstand stories on

religion. To the extent that journalists do not grasp

events’ religious dimensions—both global and local—

the authors argue they are hindered from, and some-

times incapable of, describing what is happening.

United Nations

¶ In June, Hudson Institute was granted consultative sta-

tus with the Economic and Social Council, the UN’s

principal group responsible for international economic

and social cooperation and development. The status

confers upon qualifying nongovernmental, nonprofit,

public, or voluntary organizations the ability to recom-

mend agenda items, participate at UN meetings, and

submit written statements to official UN bodies. The sta-

tus affords Hudson greater participation in the perma-

nent multilateral body’s work, particularly in the field of

human rights.

¶ Senior Fellow Anne Bayefsky’s website, EYEontheUN.org,

continued to monitor and examine the UN’s progress in

identifying, condemning, and protecting against human

PAUL MARSHALL AND AMY SULLIVAN OF TIME MAGAZINE BISHOP THOMAS OF UPPER EGYPT AND NINA SHEA

rights violations and confronting and responding to threats

to international peace and security. This year saw the launch

of Durban Watch, the leading website for information on

the April 2009 Durban II conference, the UN’s global

conference against racism. The sites provide critical assess-

ments and analysis of the UN in its approach to equality,

universal human rights, and fun damental freedoms.

¶ In October, Bayefsky teamed with the Center for Reli-

gious Freedom to conduct a discussion on the UN’s 2009

World Conference against Racism, highlighting the con-

ference’s potential to curtail freedoms of expression, the

press, and religion in some of the Organization of the

Islamic Conference’s most repressive member states.

Foreign Aid and International Development

¶ Setbacks for democracy in almost every region of the

world during 2008—in countries as disparate as Russia,

Venezuela, and Zimbabwe—raised serious questions

about whether meaningful democratic reform is a realistic

poss ibility and whether the promotion of democracy is

an appropriate anchor for American foreign policy. In

December, to discuss these and other questions, Director

of the Pew Briefing Series Amy Kauffman joined with the

Pew Charitable Trusts to convene a panel of distinguished

experts, including Special Envoy to Sudan Ambassador

18 hudson institute

Richard Williamson and President of the National Endow-

ment for Democracy Carl Gershman. Hudson Senior Fel-

low Zeyno Baran also participated, and the event was mod-

erated by ABC News’ Chief Wash ington Correspondent

George Stephanopoulos.

¶ The Center for Global Prosperity published the 2008

Index of Global Philanthropy. The third edition of the

Index provides more complete philanthropy and remit-

tances numbers for European, Commonwealth, and

Asian countries. It also includes the results from the first

full national survey of religious giving ever conducted,

which shows figures for religious giving from all denom-

inations to be just under that for private giving from U.S.

charities. The third edition of the Index was officially

launched in May to widespread media, government, and

academic attention in the United States and abroad.

¶ Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Global

Prosperity Carol Adelman provided commentary on the

predominance of private giving during the Myanmar cy-

clone and China earthquake disasters. She also jointly

published an article entitled Foreign Aid: What Works and

What Doesn’t with Nicholas Eberstadt in AEI’s quarterly

publication, Development Policy Outlook.

¶ The Center for Science in Public Policy completed the

first phase of a project on the economic burden of

chronic disease in the developing world, providing a de-

tailed, annotated bibliography for a plan to address the

growing issue of chronic disease in emerging economies.

Until now, most attention by international organizations

has been focused on infectious diseases like malaria and

AIDS, but chronic disease, such as cancer and cardiovas-

cular disease, is growing in the developing world, making

it necessary to start addressing the costs now and in the

future.

¶ The Center’s Director, Senior Fellow Jeremiah Norris,

wrote on the issue of AIDS treatment in the developing

world. He emphasized the negative effects, including

drug-resistance, from using sub-standard drugs in treat-

ing AIDS in the developing world.


20 hudson institute

rom its early days, research at Hudson Institute

on economics, trade, and finance has been guided by a

tempered optimism in the long-term ability of markets

and technology to shape a more prosperous future in the

United States and around the world. Groundbreaking

books such as The Next 200 Years (Morrow, 1976) chal-

lenged the pessimism of the Club of Rome, rejecting

neo-Malthusian fears of a future marred by overpopula-

tion and natural resource shortages. The Coming Boom

(Simon & Schuster, 1982) challenged the pessimism in

vogue in the early 1980s in the United States to foresee an

era of unprecedented economic growth. Hudson’s path-

breaking Workforce 2000 (1987), the best-selling think

tank monograph of its era, reshaped the way scholars

and policymakers understood the future of the work-

place by envisioning a more diverse and technologically

educated workforce.

In 2008, Hudson Institute continued to draw on its dis-

tinguished tradition of economic research with a team of

world-renowned scholars in monetary and fiscal policy, tax

and regulatory affairs, housing, employment, agriculture,

and health. Throughout the year, Hudson scholars pres-

ciently warned of the looming subprime mortgage threat

and ensuing credit crisis; focused on the critical importance

of entrepreneurship as an engine for economic growth; pro-

duced the first major statewide study to establish a clear

causal link between increased education and earnings;

warned about the global energy crisis; and rejected the con-

ventional wisdom about impending global climate change.

Housing and Finance

¶ Hudson Institute was at the forefront of exposing the

potential for a housing and credit crisis since early 2007.

A panel discussion in February 2008 moderated by

Director of the Center for Housing and Financial Mar-

kets and Senior Fellow John Weicher pursued this theme

further, examining the future roles of structured finance,

credit-rating agencies, and bond insurers in the mort-

gage markets and the financial system. The timely event

warned of vulnerabilities and potential disaster.

¶ Senior Fellow Irwin Stelzer, Director of Hudson’s Eco-

nomic Policy Studies, released a paper in October enti-

tled The New Capitalism (Hudson Institute Press), in

which he offers an innovative analysis of the forthcoming

economic order. Free market capitalism as we have

known it since the last round of reforms during Franklin

Roosevelt’s New Deal is gone and is being replaced,

Stelzer writes. The new capitalism is characterized by re-

forms designed to reduce individual and systemic risk.

It reflects growing unease with the effects of free trade

and excessive executive compensation.


F


¶ In February, Hudson held a seminar to discuss a study

by MIT Sloan School Professor Gustavo Manso on mo -

tiv ating innovation through policy initiatives. Entitled

“Why Short-Term Failure Could be a Sign of Long-Term

Success,” the event was moderated by Senior Fellow

Diana Furchtgott-Roth and included University of

Maryland’s Robert Baum as a discussant.

¶ In the aftermath of the subprime mortgage crisis, Hud-

son’s Center for Housing and Financial Markets held a

conference in September to discuss policy implications.

In October the Center collaborated with the Bradley

Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal for a panel

discussion that examined the role the Community Rein -

vest ment Act (CRA) played in compelling banks to make

risky loans to unprepared borrowers and in neighbor-

hoods with declining property values.

Employment

¶ Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Employ-

ment Policy Diana Furchtgott-Roth edited Overcoming

Barriers to Entrepreneurship in the United States (Lexing-

ton Books, 2008). The book covers the effects of taxation,

pensions, regulation, and savings on entrepreneurs. The

book is based on a series of seminars held at Hudson

funded by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and

is aimed at public policy and business classes.

¶ In June, Furchtgott-Roth testified before the House

Committee on Science and Technology’s Subcommittee

on Investigations and Oversight on promoting worker com-

petitiveness in a global economy. Also that month, she tes-

tified before the Joint Ec o nomic Committee on the

employment status of women.

¶ In July, Furchtgott-Roth testified on income inequality

before the House Education and Labor Committee’s

Subcommittee on Workforce Protections. She concluded

that the most effective way to reduce economic inequal-

ity is to provide more education and job opportunities

for those in lower income groups.

Energy, Food, and Environment

¶ Director of Economic Policy Studies and Senior Fel-

low Irwin Stelzer’s monograph, Energy Policy: Abandon

Hope All Ye Who Enter Here, released in August of

2008, demonstrates that for the foreseeable future, the

United States will be dependent for transportation

purposes on imported oil from unfriendly nations

whether or not we decide to drill at home. Stelzer argues

“Hudson Institute has been the source of many good ideas that have helped to

inform the public policy dialogue in our country.” –SENATOR EVAN BAYH (D-IN)

22 hudson institute

in favor of a market-based approach to energy policy that

incorporates measures to include in the price the costs

of such “externalities” as the effect of pollution and the

need to defend our oil-supply sources. An event to dis-

cuss the study was held in November.

¶ The Center for Global Food Issues took a prescient po-

sition against crop-based biofuels, which divert massive

amounts of globally scarce grain and cropland to a costly

and ultimately trivial alternative fuel. It noted recent sci-

entific studies that highlight the “carbon debt” created

by the massive amounts of soil carbon lost as forests and

peatlands are cleared to grow more corn ethanol and soy

biodiesel. It takes at least fifty years for “savings” from

burning ethanol to repay the lost soil carbon.

¶ Director of the Center for Global Food Issues and Senior

Fellow Dennis Avery gave a series of speeches and inter-

views on Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years

(Rowman & Littlefield), a book he coauthored with at-

mospheric physicist S. Fred Singer. In it they present re-

search arguing that global temperatures have been rising

mostly or entirely because of a natural cycle, that the warm-

ing is not very dangerous, and that it cannot be stopped.

The book has sold more than two hundred thousand

copies and been distributed to elected officials throughout

the United States. Avery was a speaker at the 2008 Inter-

national Conference on Climate Change in New York,

which challenged the claim that global warming is a crisis.

¶ In response to the World Bank’s warning that we will

face a food shortage by mid-century, the Center held an

event in September to discuss the pending crisis. Dennis

Avery argued that by 2050 that world will need to double

its food production to meet the demands of an expected

population boom. The forum also examined the costly

impact of diverting crops to ethanol production and cli-

mate change.

¶ In June, Furchtgott-Roth testified before the House

Committee on Natural Resources on the consequences

of and solutions to America’s energy crisis. She noted

that although we will always rely on foreign imports for

some of our energy, we will need to make the most of

our own resources. This includes expanding domestic oil

and national gas supplies by allowing more environmen-

tally friendly oil and gas development.

¶Following soaring food prices that sparked major riots

throughout the world, Hudson held a public panel dis-

cussion in June to examine if the global food price crisis

poses a threat to emerging democracies. Discussants in-

cluded Senior Fellows Andrew Natsios, Rod Hunter, and

Amy Kauffman.

IRWIN STELZER CHRISTOPHER SANDS, GERARD BOYCHUK OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, ONTARIO, RONALD DWORKIN, AND HANNS KUTTNER

¶ Alex Avery of the Center for Global Food Issues contin-

ued to write and speak widely on the dangers of organic

food, which produces only half as much food per acre as

high-yield no-till farming—at a moment when the

world’s farmers must double world food and feed pro-

duction over the next forty years.

Health Care

¶ Adjunct Fellow Betsy McCaughey gave testimony on

hospital infections before the House Committee on

Oversight and Government Reform in April. McCaug -

hey exposed the poor level of cleanliness in our hospitals

and inadequacy of the Centers for Disease Control’s

guidelines and hospital inspection regimes in preventing

the spread of harmful bacteria.

¶ Senior Fellow Diana Furchtgott-Roth wrote a series of

articles on health care reform for the New York Sun in

2008. Her September article, Health Care: To Tax or Not

To Tax, argued that the cost estimates presented by then-

candidate Barack Obama on health care reform were

unrealistically low, which has since been proven to be

the case in final budget allocations.

¶ In debates about the U.S. health care system, much

focus and acclamation has been given to Canada’s sin-

gle-payer system. In December, Hudson Senior Fellow

and practicing physician, Dr. Ronald Dworkin, teamed

with Senior Fellow Christopher Sands in holding a panel

discussion which, given the vast differences between the

two systems, revealed the difficulties in making direct

comparisons between the U.S. and Canadian health care

systems.


DENNIS AVERY DEBORAH GOLDBERG, NATIONAL FAIR HOUSING, HOWARD HUSOCK, MANHATTAN INSTITUTE, AND JOHN WEICHER DIANA FURCHTGOTT-ROTH

24 hudson institute

udson Institute research has always

been guided by the importance of

culture, religion, the rule of law,

and an abiding respect for consti-

tutionalism, all of which help to

define the United States and other

liberal democratic societies. As we

are committed to the flourishing of democratic societies

around the world, our work on civil society, culture, phi-

lanthropy, and the law is the basis for all of our other re-

search.

Hudson scholarship on society, culture, and philan-

thropy is guided by a fundamental understanding of, and

loyalty to, the principles of liberal democracy and its key

elements: respect for the rule of law, individual rights,

and the integrity of civil society.

Accordingly, Hudson Institute is preeminent among

Washington think tanks on issues relating to philan-

thropy, civic renewal, and legal reform. Our renowned

scholars in these fields work to promote a vital civil so-

ciety through applied research that examines contempo-

rary policy debates through the prism of American

citizenship, patriotism, and civic education.

American Society

¶ In August, Hudson President Herbert London pub-

lished his latest book, America’s Secular Challenge: The

Rise of a New National Religion (Encounter Books), in

which he argues that the pervasive culture of secularism

in the United States is an inadequate response to the

challenge of radical Islam. As London explains, in the so-

called war of ideas, our reflexive belief in relativism has

handicapped our ability to thwart the inroads of fanati-

cism, thus leaving our culture exposed.

¶ Director of the Center for American Common Culture

and Senior Fellow John Fonte’s paper “Global Gover-

nance vs. the Liberal Democratic Nation-State: What is

the Best Regime?” was presented in June at the Bradley

Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal’s Washington

symposium. The widely distributed essay declared that in

the twenty-first century major arguments over the best

type of government will continue as the liberal demo-

cratic nation-state is challenged by proponents of

transnational global governance.

¶ Fonte was part of the executive committee that devel-

oped the content for the Bradley Project on America’s


H


National Identity report entitled “E Pluribus Unum.” The

report emphasizes the strong connection between a ro-

bust national identity and a healthy liberal democracy.

¶ In July, Fonte taught a two-day seminar on American

character and the American regime at the University of

Virginia’s Program on American Democracy and Consti-

tutionalism. He also gave a lecture on education for

American citizenship at the University of West Georgia

as part of the “American Solutions” project headed by

former House Speaker Newt Gingrich.

¶ Senior Fellow Amy Kass commenced her new project

on Civic Renewal and American Identity in December

with a seminar series entitled “Making American Citi-

zens,” in which students and scholars gain a more refined

and elevated appreciation of the challenges associated

with American civic life.

Law

¶ Distinguished Fellow Judge Robert H. Bork released his

latest book, A Time to Speak (Intercollegiate Studies In-

stitute), in November. The book is a collection of articles,

opinions, briefs, and oral arguments covering topics

such as constitutional interpretation, the death penalty,

international law, the Sherman Act, and the work of

Alexander Bickel and St. Thomas More. Andrew C. Mc-

Carthy wrote in the New Criterion that “A Time to Speak

reminds us, yet again, that Robert Bork has been this na-

tions’ most eloquent and compelling Cassandra. Whether

America rediscovers and retains what has made it great

depends on whether we finally listen, and look within.”

¶ The spring 2008 issue of the Harvard Journal of Law

and Public Policy, the official journal of the Federalist So-

ciety, published a collection of essays in honor of Judge

Bork featuring contributions from Judge Douglas H.

Ginsburg of the D.C. Circuit and Chief Judge Frank H.

Easterbrook of the Seventh Circuit.

Civic Renewal and Philanthropy

¶ Over the course of 2008, the Bradley Center for Phi-

lanthropy and Civic Renewal hosted a series of insightful

discussions on current issues in philanthropy. The Cen-

ter’s work included studies on the decline of a sense of

purpose as experienced by today’s youth, perspectives on

26 hudson institute

foundation management, and a response to Bill Gates’

call for “creative capitalism” to serve the world’s poor. Joel

Orosz, Kellogg Foundation adviser, described the Center

as “the only place in which more light than heat gets gen-

erated on subjects that truly matter to the future of our

field.”

¶ Center Director and Senior Fellow William Schambra

published articles in the The Chronicle of Philanthropy,

the nonprofit sector’s most widely-read publication. One

piece questioned the appropriateness of grants from the

nation’s largest foundations that sustain a harsh view of

America as a nation riven by an unrelenting and deeply

oppressive racial divide.

¶ In June, the Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic

Renewal held its fourth annual Bradley Symposium,

cosponsored by Encounter Books, on the themes of the

power of ideas, publishing, and preserving liberty and

democracy. The panel featured Encounter authors to-

gether with Hudson scholars Judge Bork, John O’Sulli-

van, and John Fonte.

¶ In September 2008, the Center cohosted an event with

The Chronicle of Philanthropy, entitled “Is Philanthropy

Going to the Dogs?” It examined the merits of Leona

Helmsley’s bequest to her dog and asked whether there

should be limits on the freedom to give to any cause or

beneficiary.

¶ In January, Senior Fellow Amy Kass launched her

anthology, Giving Well, Doing Good: Readings for the

Thought ful Philanthropist (Indiana University Press). A

collection of texts, it includes works by a range of writers

from Dostoevsky to Wordsworth and Abraham Lincoln.

The anthology seeks to illuminate fundamental ques-

tions about the idea and practice of philanthropy and to

point a way toward a philanthropic practice that is more

responsible, effective, and civic-spirited.

AMY KASS

JOHN FONTE

JUDGE ROBERT BORK

WILLIAM SCHAMBRA


erbert London, Hudson’s President,

runs the New York office and is widely published in a

variety of fields. In August, he published his latest book,

America’s Secular Challenge: The Rise of a New National

Religion (Encounter Books).

New York Briefing Series

A subscription-only public policy lecture series, Hud-

son’s New York Briefing Council held spring and fall

sessions in 2008. Hosted by London, the series featured

distinguished guest speakers addressing a wide range of

current public policy con cerns with in-depth discussion

amongst members and guest speakers.

Hudson New York

H GUEST SPEAKERS IN 2008

Mark Steyn March 26: The Thought Police

William Kristol April 15: 2008-Who Loses?

Christopher Hitchens April 23: Self-Censorship

Paul Marshall April 28: Religious Freedom

Minxin Pei April 30: The China Bubble

Bret Stephens May 2: Radicalism and Reform

Ray Kelly May 6: Intelligence

John Bolton May 7: Critical Uncertainties

Herbert London May 13: The Secularist God

Zalmay Khalilzad May 19: The U.N. & Durban

Henry Kissinger May 22: Global Objectives

Lawrence Summers May 28: Buying America

Douglas Feith June 5: What Really Happened?

Daniel Seaman June 10: Public Relations & Israel

Dick Morris September 24: Play by Play

Geert Wilders September 25: Islam in Europe

Gordon Chang October 2: Collapse of China

Frank Luntz October 6: Language & Politics

Michael Sheenan October 14: Crush the Cell

Charles Gasparino October 16: Inside the Street

Robert Zubrin/Joseph Rago October 21: Undoing OPEC

John Fund October 28: How Voters Think

Walid Phares November 5: Confronting Jihad

Irshad Manji November 10: Fundamentalism

Zainab al-Suwaij November 12: Islam on Campus

Andrew McCarthy December 2: Spy Games

Lawrence Kudlow December 9: Money Politics

David Brooks December 10: The Happiness Gap

Hudson New York Website (HudsonNY.org)

Hudson Institute’s New York website launched in November,

providing a forum for commentary on topics including hu-

man rights, religion, international affairs, security, and en-

ergy. The site aims to amplify dissident voices worldwide

that stress the need for reforms in rule of law, property rights,

free-market opportunities, freedom of speech, freedom of

the press, and other institutions of liberal democracy.

The site also serves members of the New York Briefing

Council by allowing them to track upcoming meetings and

follow issues. It links to Hudson New York’s program, EYE-

ontheUN.org, directed by Senior Fellow Anne Bayefsky,

who covers UN activities for Hudson Institute.

HERBERT LONDON AND HENRY KISSINGER

28 hudson institute

“The House that Herman Built”

¶ When the nuclear strategist, sage and seer Herman Kahn

(1922–1983) founded Hudson Institute in 1961, he had a

grand and powerful long-term vision for his nascent think

tank. But in the short term, he expressed the hope that the

Institute would help “to raise the level of debate” over critical

issues affecting national security and international order.

¶ Under Kahn’s leadership, Hudson Institute became a

research organization of not just national—but also

global—significance.And it emerged as the sort of think

tank that not only tackles the policy problems of the

present, but also foresees the changes and challenges

gathering on the horizon.

¶ Hudson—“the House that Herman Built”—helped the

United States and its allies to craft the near-term foreign

and defense policies, as well as the long-term comprehen-

sive strategies, that would undermine the Iron Curtain.

¶ The Institute’s “future studies” research cut through the

pervasive pessimism of the late 1960s and 1970s and re-

minded America—and the world at large—of the prom-

ise and possibilities that free markets, technological

innovation, and optimism could bring.

¶ In the early years of the twenty-first century, Hudson

Institute is continuing Herman Kahn’s powerful vision of

changing the world through fearless questioning, a

healthy skepticism of conventional wisdom, careful and

comprehensive analyses, the search for penetrating in-

sights, and global outreach to the leaders of government,

public opinion, and commerce.

Publications

¶ Calling attention to the continuing relevance of Her-

man Kahn and his work has been a priority for Hudson

Institute. Kahn’s timeless and prescient studies still res-

onate today.

¶ Forty-seven years after its original publication, Kahn’s

On Thermonuclear War was reprinted (Transaction Pub-

lishers). Rejecting the strongly held view of the Cold War

period that nuclear war would be cataclysmic, the work

suggested the possibility of a second strike capability,

which helped shape the doctrine of “mutual assured de-

struction” (MAD).

¶ In his new book, Prophecies of Doom and Scenarios of

Progress: Herman Kahn, Julian Simon, and the Prospec-

tive Imagination (Continuum, 2007), Adjunct Fellow

Hudson History and Herman Kahn

This year marked the 25th anniversary of Kahn’s death and his outlook continues to shape Hudson’s work


Paul Dragos Aligica examines Kahn’s pioneering work

challenging the “limits to growth” hypothesis prevalent

in the 1970s—the conventional wisdom’s view that

mankind’s future was bleak due to impending pollution,

overpopulation, and natural resource shortages.

¶ In an article for Hudson’s News and Review, entitled

“Herman Kahn’s Suppressed Legacy,” Senior Fellow,

Trustee, and Founder Max Singer recognized the perti-

nence of Kahn’s ideas about nuclear strategy as they

relate to new kinds of danger that nuclear war poses

today. While prejudices and misunderstandings sur-

rounding Kahn’s work still continue today, Kahn’s in-

sightful meth odology of devising alternative strategies

lives on in those he taught and in his writings.

“Herman Kahn was a futurist who welcomed the future. He brought the lessons of science, history, and

humanity to the study of the future and remained confident of mankind’s potential for good. All who value

independent thinking will mourn the loss of a man whose intellect and enthusiasm embraced so much.”

–PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN

“His combination of logic and imagination was unique among the nuclear strategists of his time

. . . . I thought Herman was Nobel Prize-worthy.” –THOMAS C. SCHELLING

Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics

30 hudson institute

o disseminate policy recommenda-

tions to key decision makers, to help

inform the public of alternative pol-

icy options, and to spread Hudson’s

innovative and practical ideas for a

better world, Hudson Institute hosts

numerous events, publishes a variety of newsletters, and

reaches out to experts in government and the media.

¶ Hudson Headlines, Hudson Institute’s e-newsletter is

sent to thousands of recipients each week, providing a

round up of media citations, events, op-eds, new publi-

cations, and testimony.

¶ Hudson News and Review, produced three times a year,

provides a cumulative compilation of our progress and

impact. Each issue features event summaries, new pub-

lication and report descriptions, excerpts of testimony

and op-eds, a scholar profile, and stories on the Institute’s

most recent and prominent developments. The newslet-

ter is mailed to more than three thousand donors and

supporters and is distributed at Hudson events.

¶ A new email bulletin service specifically designed for

contributing supporters was introduced this year. Sent

out quarterly, Research Round Up provides qualifying

donors with an easy way to order hard-copy versions of

Hudson’s latest research papers, while also offering dis-

counts on recent books produced by Hudson scholars.

Events and Conferences

¶ Events provide a means for scholars to publicize their

work and attract further input and ideas to help them

develop their research. Hudson events are usually open to

the general public and also attract key policy makers and

other experts in its audiences. Quality events allow for

in-depth discussion on issues of concern, while encour-

aging cross cultivation of views and information among

stakeholders in Washington and beyond.

¶ In 2008, 115 public events were held at Hudson Insti -

tute in Washington; approximately 25 percent more than

the previous year. While the vast majority of events were

held in the Betsy and Walter Stern Conference Center at

the Institute, twelve larger special events were conducted

outside the Institute, in conference centers and hotels. The

total number of attendees exceeded seven thousand;

almost double that of the previous year. Specific events are

highlighted throughout previous sections of this report.

¶ Hudson’s exposure on media outlets such as C-SPAN

increased in 2008. Two of the more notable events

Hudson Outreach

T


covered by C-SPAN included “War and Decision: Inside

the Pentagon at the Dawn of the War on Terrorism,”held

in April in the Betsy and Walter Stern Conference Center,

and “The Future of Democracy,”held in December at the

St. Regis Hotel, Washington.

¶ In addition to the public events, Hudson scholars also

held numerous private roundtable discussions, recep-

tions, and briefings. Special guests included members of

the government, defense agencies, and the media, as well

as foreign dignitaries. Countries that had representatives

meeting with Hudson scholars included Canada, France,

Japan, Belgium, Holland, Costa Rica, Mexico, Argentina,

Israel, Venezuela, Spain, and Hungary.

¶ On December 10, Hudson hosted its annual end-of-year

event, which brought together key media and government

officials—as well as other policy experts and major

donors—in recognition of Hudson’s role as a source of

quality public policy research and commentary.

¶ In August, a new Events Coordinator position was created

to dedicate specific resources to the growing event sched -

ule and new audio and visual requirements associated with

editing and posting files online. This year, video and audio

recordings of nearly all the events were made available on

the Hudson website.

Hudson.org

¶ Hudson.org is the Internet gateway to Hudson Insti-

tute, providing links to all scholars, centers, and pro-

grams affiliated with the Institute. The site experienced

a significant increase in visits, averaging over five hun-

dred thousand unique page views per month. This year,

Hudson added several new features, including a video

player on the main homepage.

¶ Hudson has also expanded its social networking

presence. All of our new publications, op-eds, and events

are linkable to social bookmarking sites such as Digg

and Del.icio.us. Hudson’s exposure on social networking

sites has also increased, with a dedicated Facebook page

and a Twitter feed. Hudson videos are also posted to the

Institute’s YouTube site, and snippets of videos are often

posted alongside new publications. These social networking

capabilities are all tied into the main website, creating a

unified Hudson Institute presence on the Internet.

Media and Press Coverage

¶ In 2008, Hudson garnered press coverage in a wide

spectrum of high-profile global print outlets. Articles by

Hudson scholars were published in the Wall Street Journal

32 hudson institute

(U.S., Asian, and European editions), the Washington

Post, Forbes, the New York Post, the Weekly Standard, the

New Republic, and many other places. Hudson Senior

Fellows Diana Furchtgott-Roth and Irwin Stelzer wrote

weekly columns for the New York Sun and London’s Sun-

day Times, respectively. Moreover, Hudson’s research

continued to serve as a resource for citation and back-

ground at the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal,

the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, and many

other national and local publications.

¶ Hudson scholars appeared on every major U.S. news

channel and a variety of foreign outlets to provide their

expertise on all of the most pressing issues and debates.

Appearances included CBS Evening News, CNN, Fox

News, C-SPAN, CNBC, Fox Business, France 24, BBC,

CTV Canada, and Voice of America stations around the

world.

Government Relations

¶ In 2008, Hudson scholars were called to testify before

congressional committees on eleven occasions. They pre-

sented testimony on issues such as human rights in Iran,

Islamist extremism, religious freedom in Burma, energy,

democracy in Bangladesh, and employment policy.

Internship Program

¶ This year, over 150 students from an array of universi-

ties in the United States and abroad—including Harvard,

Yale, Princeton, University of Chicago, Cornell, Swarth-

more, Cambridge, and Oxford—provided research and

administrative support to Hudson scholars and staff.

Through their internships, these students gained valu-

able experience and insight in public policy, communi-

cations, and administration.

¶ Hudson interns Jawanshir Rasikh, an Afghan Fulbright

student at James Madison University, and Mariam Sabri,

a student at Mount Holyoke College from Karachi, Pak-

is tan, organized a seminar that brought together students

from Pakistan and Afghanistan to discuss the many chal-

lenges and opportunities facing their nations. The panels

covered key issues including militant Islamist groups,

democracy and the establishment of the rule of law, ed-

u cation, poverty, and the future of moderate Islam in both

countries.

¶ Hudson interns have been hired by the federal govern-

ment, assumed research positions at other Washington think

tanks, and taken jobs at embassies and on Capitol Hill. Sev-

eral worked for the federal election political campaigns on

both the Democratic and Republican side of the aisle.


he Hudson Institute Press continues to ful-

fill its mission of disseminating the in-depth

research of Hudson scholars. Hud son pub -

lishes an assortment of books, white papers,

reports, briefing papers, and serial journals.

This has been an especially busy year for the

Hudson Institute Press, with over a dozen new publications

appearing on a variety of timely topics.

¶ In How to Strengthen Democracy in Latin America, Senior

Fellow Jaime Daremblum outlines the ongoing challenges

facing Latin America, including poverty, radical populism,

education, and the continuing struggle to adopt globalism.

¶ The Center for Global Prosperity published its third

annual Index of Global Philanthropy. This edition chron-

i cles the new players in global philanthropy who have

found innovative ways to help the world’s poor.

¶ In a radical departure from his previous books, Joseph

Giglio uses the techniques of narrative fiction to dramatize

how America’s transportation system can be transformed

into a vigorous engine for economic growth in Judges of

the Secret Court.

¶ On the one-year anniversary of the declaration of a

state of emergency in Bangladesh, Hudson Senior Fellow

Man e e za Hossain presented her new book, Broken Pen-

dulum: Bang ladesh’s Swing to Radicalism, which explores

the background and factors contributing to a process of

radicalization in that nation.

¶ Hudson’s Center for Eurasian Policy published The

Azerbaijan-Turkey-U.S. Relationship and Its Importance

for Eurasia, a postconference summary of each major

theme covered, using the information to make recom-

mendations for Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the United States.

It is available in English, Azerbaijani, and Turkish.

¶ In The New Capitalism, Senior Fellow Irwin Stelzer of-

fers an analysis of changes in the economic order which

are characterized by reforms designed to reduce individ-

ual and systemic risk. The new framework reflects grow-

ing unease with the effects of free trade and excessive

executive compensation.

¶ Visiting Fellow Andrei Piontkovsky’s Russian Identity

analyzes the events from early 2006 through the fall of

2008, including the rise of systemic corruption, the cul-

tivation of xenophobia, and a growing assault on inde-

pendent media, and shows how these developments

reflect the failure of Russia’s attempt to enact reforms.

¶ In her 2008 Update: Saudi Arabia’s Curriculum of

Hudson Institute Press

T

34 hudson institute

Intol er ance, Senior Fellow Nina Shea shows that the vio -

lent and intol erant teachings against other religious be-

lievers described in the Center for Religious Freedom’s 2006

study still remain in text books currently posted on the web-

site of the Saudi Minis try of Education.

¶ In his monograph, Energy Policy: Abandon Hope All Ye

Who Enter Here, Stelzer demonstrates that for the fore-

seeable future, the United States will be dependent for trans-

portation purposes on imported oil from unfriendly na-

tions—whether or not we decide to drill at home.

¶ Union Vs. Private Pension Plans examines pension plans,

which are the primary source of retirement income for

American workers. Hudson Senior Fellow Diana Furcht-

gott-Roth presents evidence that union-run pension

plans for rank-and-file members lack the funding

necessary to provide promised benefits.

¶ Hudson’s Perspectives for the New Administration is a

wide-ranging series of policy papers aimed at advising the

Obama administration on a host of critical global and

domestic issues. Policy topics include the new “Greater

Middle East,”challenges in Latin America, repairing pub-

lic diplomacy, regulatory policy, healthcare, housing, in-

frastructure, and more.

¶ Volumes VI and VII of Current Trends in Islamist Ideology

were released this year by the Center on Islam, Democ-

racy, and the Future of the Muslim World. These volumes

featured essays on the rise and destruction of the Islamic

State of Iraq, religious parties in Pakistan, Islamic revival-

ism in Azerbaijan, and recruitment for jihad in Germany.

These and other publications by our scholars canbe ordered from the Hudson Institute website:www.hudson.org/bookstore.


¶ Hudson’s success in generating sound pub lic policy re-

search is the result of the generosity of a variety of sup porters

including individuals, foundations, and corporations.

¶ Foundation support underpinned several new projects,

including “Agricultural Commodity Prices and Policy

Op tions,” “Measuring the Progress of Disadvantaged

Populations in the U.S.: The Role of Education,” and “A

Ground Game in the War of Ideas.”

¶ This year saw the expansion of the development office

at Hudson. Its primary objective has been to energize ef-

forts to raise funds for the Institute’s general operating

and endowment funds.

¶ With gifts from foundation grants comprising a large

portion of Hudson’s support, the development office is

working to diversify the Institute’s funding base and in-

crease individual donor giving.

¶ Two major appeals for general funds from the commu-

nity of Hudson friends and contributing supporters were

launched in 2008, introducing sponsorship levels to at -

tract donors of all levels.

¶ Hudson supporters now receive a variety of Hudson

publi ca tions in addition to our seasonal newsletter,

News & Review, as well as updates on our scholars’ latest

research, access to book discounts, and invitations to

public events, pri vate briefings, and roundtables with

special VIP guests and Hudson scholars.

¶ Hudson encourages all donors to see themselves as in-

tegral to the work it produces and the Institute’s success.

Im proved and more inclusive outreach to Hudson con-

stituents will be an ongoing process.The office will pri oritize

keeping donors apprised of Hudson’s work and opportu-

nities for greater involvement in Hudson activities.

¶ The initial stages of the Capital Campaign, The Cam-

paign for Hudson, were launched in March. The campaign

re mains in its private stage of consolidating sup port from

close friends and supporters.

¶ Hudson is a public charity under section 501(c)(3) of

the In ternal Revenue Code, which means that donations

to Hudson Institute receive maximum tax benefits.

¶ Donations may be in the form of cash, securities,

stocks, and matching gifts. Donors can also provide

support for Hud son Institute’s research and programs

through bequests and other forms of planned giving and

endowment support.

¶ More information about donating to the Institute is

readily available at www.hudson.org/invest.

Support for Hudson

36 hudson institute

FinancesFor fiscal year ending September 30, 2008

Foundations: 48.12%

Individuals: 10.94%

Corporations: 19.16%

Government: 15.13%

Other: 0.06%

Global Affairs: 35.20%

Science, Environment,and Technology: 0.81%

Law, Culture, and Society: 18.14%International Governance: 6.47%

Economics and Energy Policy: 7.02%

Public Affairs: 4.73%

Development: 0.89%

New York Briefing Council: 6.21%

Administration: 20.53%

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f o

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atin

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even

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br

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do

wn

in

ope

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ing

ex

pen

ses

Investment Income: 6.59%


In Memoriam

Hudson Institute mourns the passing of three

distinguished individuals in 2008

LT. GENERAL WILLIAM ODOM, Senior Fellow

William Odom, a retired U.S. Army three-star general and former

Director of the National Security Agency under President Ronald Reagan, had

a long and distinguished career in military intelligence. The quintessential soldier-

scholar, Odom joined Hudson Institute in 1988 to become Director of National

Security Studies, simultaneously joining the Political Science Department at Yale

University. He actively maintained these affiliations for twenty years. Odom’s numer-

ous and widely acclaimed books include The Collapse of the Soviet Military

(Yale University Press, 1998) and Fixing Intelligence (Yale University Press, 2002).

Known for his forthright opinions, Odom was a leading critic

of the 2003 U.S. intervention in Iraq.

WALLACE O. SELLERS, Trustee

During his lengthy and distinguished career, Wallace O. Sellers held senior

management and leadership positions with organizations as diverse as Enhance

Financial Services Group, Inc; Natural Gas Services, Inc; FCIA; the Association

of Financial Guaranty Insurers; the Public Securities Association

(now The Bond Market Association); and Merrill Lynch. He was appointed

by the SEC as one of the original members of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking

Board. Sellers also undertook many charitable endeavors. In addition to his role at

Hudson, he was a member of the board of overseers at Roger Williams

University. He actively supported numerous archeological excavations,

the Initiative to Educate Afghan Women, and Trinity Episcopal

Church of Solebury, Pennsylvania. He faithfully served Hudson

as a trustee from 1984 to 2007.

CLAY T. WHITEHEAD, Trustee

Clay T. Whitehead, a pioneer in the satellite broadcasting industry,

served as the first Director of the U.S. Office of Telecommunications Policy in

the Nixon administration. Under Whitehead’s leadership, a market-based

“open skies” policy for communications satellite and cable television

licenses was implemented, ending monopolies and leading to increased

competition and greater viewer choice. Whitehead, a visionary who helped

shape the contemporary multi-channel television landscape, was

an entrepreneur who built satellite television systems in Europe

and the United States. His loyal service to Hudson Institute

as a trustee extended from 2007 to 2008.

38 hudson institute

Hudson Scholars

CAROL ADELMAN

Director and Senior Fellow

Center for Global Prosperity

ALEX A. AVERY

Director of Research and Education

Center for Global Food Issues

DENNIS T. AVERY



ZEYNO BARAN


Center for Eurasian Policy

ANNE BAYEFSKY


Eye on the UN

ROBERT H. BORK

Distinguished Fellow

SETH CROPSEY

Senior Fellow

JAIME DAREMBLUM


Center for Latin American Studies

RONALD W. DWORKIN

Senior Fellow

CHARLES FAIRBANKS

Senior Fellow

DOUGLAS J. FEITH


Center for National Security Strategies

MARY C. FITZGERALD

Senior Fellow

JOHN FONTE


Center for American Common Culture

CHRISTOPHER FORD


Center for Technology and Global Security

HILLEL FRADKIN


Center on Islam, Democracy, and

the Future of the Muslim World

DIANA FURCHTGOTT-ROTH


Center for Employment Policy

CHARLES HORNER

Senior Fellow

MICHAEL HOROWITZ

Senior Fellow

MANEEZA HOSSAIN

Senior Fellow



ROD HUNTER

Senior Fellow

JUN ISOMURA

Senior Fellow

AMY KASS

Senior Fellow

AMY KAUFFMAN

Director and Research Fellow

Pew Briefing Series

MARIE-JOSÉE KRAVIS

Senior Fellow and Trustee

I. LEWIS LIBBY

Senior Advisor

HERBERT I. LONDON

President and Trustee

PAUL MARSHALL

Senior Fellow

Center for Religious Freedom

LAURENT MURAWIEC

Senior Fellow

ANDREW NATSIOS

Senior Fellow


JEREMIAH NORRIS


Center for Science in Public Policy

JOHN O’SULLIVAN


Center for European Studies

CHRISTOPHER SANDS

Senior Fellow

DAVID SATTER

Senior Fellow

WILLIAM A. SCHAMBRA


The Bradley Center for Philanthropy

and Civic Renewal

NINA SHEA



MAX SINGER

Senior Fellow and Trustee

IRWIN M. STELZER


Economic Policy Studies

EMMET C. TUOHY

Assistant Director


JOHN C. WEICHER


Center for Housing and Financial Markets

KENNETH R. WEINSTEIN

Chief Executive Officer and Trustee

RICHARD WEITZ


Center for Political-Military Analysis

S. ENDERS WIMBUSH

Senior Vice President for International

Programs and Policy and Senior Fellow

MEYRAV WURMSER


Center for Middle East Policy

Visiting Fellows

HUSAIN HAQQANI

YOSHIKI HIDAKA

NIBRAS KAZIMI

HANNS KUTTNER

HASSAN MNEIMNEH

ANDREI A. PIONTKOVSKY

ELIZABETH SAMSON

LEE SMITH

Research Fellows

ERIC B. BROWN

Research Fellow



KRISTA SHAFFER

Research Fellow

The Bradley Center for Philanthropy

and Civic Renewal

REBECCA TOBIN

Research Fellow

Eye on the UN

BENJAMIN BALINT

Herman Kahn Fellow

40 hudson institute

Centers

International Security, Foreign Policy, and Global Affairs

Center for National Security Studies

Center for Political-Military Analysis

Center for Technology and Global Security


Center for European Studies

Center for Latin American Studies

Center for Middle East Policy


Center on Islam, Democracy, and the

Future of the Muslim World

Center for Global Prosperity

Center for Global Food issues


Eye on the UN


Economic Policy Studies

Center for Employment Policy


Center for Housing and Financial Markets



Center for American Common Culture

The Bradley Center for Philanthropic and Civic Renewal

Hudson Leadership

Board of Trustees

ALLAN R. TESSLER

Chairman of the Board

Chairman, Epoch Holdings Corporation

WALTER P. STERN

Chairman Emeritus

Vice Chairman, Capital International, Inc.

JOSEPH M. GIGLIO

Vice Chairman

Executive Professor for Strategic

Management, Northeastern University

LINDEN S. BLUE

Vice Chairman, General Atomics

CHARLES H. BRUNIE

Chairman, Brunie Associates

RUDY BOSCHWITZ

Chairman, Home Valu Interiors

PIERRE DASSAS

President, Dassas Group

GERALD DORROS, MD

Medical Director, William Dorros-Isadore Feuer

Interventional Cardiovascular Disease Foundation

ROY INNIS

National Chairman, Congress of Racial Equality

JAN HENRIK JEBSEN

Chairman, Gamma Applied Visions Group Holding SA

LAWRENCE KADISH

Old Westbury, NY

DEBORAH KAHN CUNNINGHAM

New York, NY

MARIE-JOSÉE KRAVIS

Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute

GEORGE LICHTBLAU

President, RocketLine, LLC

HERBERT I. LONDON

President, Hudson Institute


ROBERT MANKIN

Independent Management Consultant

ROBERT H. MCKINNEY

First Indiana Corporation

STEPHAN M. MINIKES

Of Counsel, Xenophon Strategies

EBRAHIM MOUSSAZADEH

President, Matrix Creations

NEIL H. OFFEN

President, Direct Selling Association

YOJI OHASHI

Chairman, All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd.

MICHAEL LUNCEFORD

Senior Vice President

Government Relations, Mary Kay Inc.

CAROLYN S. PARLATO

President, C&C Shorelands, Inc.

RICHARD PERLE

Resident Fellow, AEI

E. MILES PRENTICE, III

Partner, Eaton & Van Winkle LLP

STEVEN PRICE

Senior Managing Director,

Centerbridge Partners

JACK ROSEN

CEO, Rosen Partners

NINA ROSENWALD

New York, NY

WILLIAM D. SIEGEL

New York, NY

MAX SINGER

Senior Fellow and Cofounder,

Hudson Institute


Chief Executive Officer

Hudson Institute

CURTIN WINSOR, JR.

Chairman

American Chemical Services Company

CLAY T. WHITEHEAD

McLean, VA

JOHN C. WOHLSTETTER

Senior Fellow, Discovery Institute

Officers


Chief Executive Officer

Washington, DC

HERBERT I. LONDON

President

New York, NY

S. ENDERS WIMBUSH

Senior Vice President for International

Policy and Programs

DEBORAH L. HOOPES

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

GRACE PAINE TERZIAN

Vice President for Communications

AMANDA SOKOLSKI

Director of Development

KATHERINE SMYTH

Corporate Secretary and Program Manager

www.hudson.org

Hudson Institute would like to thank

the following people for their contributions to this report:

James Bologna, Rachel Currie, Catherine Fisher, Nancy Hamilton, Debbie Hoopes,

Susan Kristol, Gerardo Pantoja, Mitzi Pepall, Philip Ross, Ioannis Saratsis,

Katherine Smyth, Amanda Sokolski, Grace Terzian,

and Laddyma Thompson.

An appreciative audience at the 2008 Bradley Symposium“Encounter at 10: The Power of Ideas”

HUDSONI N S T I T U T E

© 2009 HUDSON INSTITUTE, 1015 15TH STREET, N.W., SIXTH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005

TELEPHONE 202.974.2400 • WWW.HUDSON.ORG

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