NREGAHUL286 Class presentation

Group 3

The basic objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by

Providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every BPL & APL household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

This work guarantee can also serves other objectives like

1. Generating productive assets, 2. Protecting the environment, empowering

rural women, 3. Reducing rural urban migration and fostering

social equity, among others.

Objectives and Goals

The Gram Panchayat after due verification will issue a job card.

The job card should be issued within 15 days of application

A job card holder may submit a written application for employment to the Gram Panchayat,

Employment will be given within 15 days if it is not then daily unemployment allowance will be given as per the Act

Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km Wages are to be paid according to piece rate or

daily rate.

Salient Features of the Act

Wages should be paid through Bank or post office.

At least one third beneficiaries shall be women. Crèche, drinking water, first aid kit and shade

facilities have to be provided. A 60:40 wage and material ration has to be

maintained. Shelf of projects for a village will be

recommended by the Gram Sabha . No contractors and machinery is allowed. Social Audit has to be done by the Gram

Sabha.

Salient Features (contd.)

1) Water conservation and water harvesting; 2) Drought proofing, including afforestation and tree

plantation; 3) Irrigation canals, including micro and minor

irrigation works; 4) Provision of irrigation facility to land owned by

household belonging to the SC/ST, or to land of the beneficiaries of land reforms, or to land of the beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana;

5) Renovation of traditional water bodies, including de-silting of tanks;

6) Land development;

Creating Community Assets

7) Flood control and protection works, including drainage in waterlogged areas;

8) Rural connectivity to provide all-weather access. The construction of roads may include culverts where necessary, and within the village area may be taken up along with drains;

9) Any work that may be notified by the Central Government in consultation with the State Government.

Creating Community Assets(contd.)

1. Increasing Employment Opportunities2. Enhancing Wage Earning and Impact on

Minimum Wage3. Increasing Outreach to the poor and

marginalized4. Strengthening Natural Base5. Financial Inclusion of the poor6. Insurance Coverage

Outcomes of NREGA

Analysis

Trilok meena Bhanudhay Birla Devendra Meena Lokesh Baswal Paresh Nagore Ram Cheez Meena Vijay Anjana

Data Used

Sample size of 14 – quite small. Equal number of men and women surveyed Caste of people: -

Background of people

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Age Distribution

Analysis

Monthly Income of respondents

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Number of days worked

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Income per day

Ground Work

Keeping Records

Irrigation Work

Road/Levelling

Construction

Others

Types of work done

Other insights

Officials’ work

Sarpanch Work

Corruption

Proper Attendences

Are Middlemen Involved

Equality In Payment

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

yesno

Unfair(N-D gets cards)

Proper

No idea

Officials’ work – distribution of job cards

Bank Account/In Hand Payment

Creches

Awareness

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

YesNo

Other details

Maximum age of worker in the survey :- 43 years.

No scope for old people?? No child labor but people below 20 as extra

income source. Huge variation in monthly income.. Varying

from as much as 3500 to as low as zero. Large variation in working days as well, only

some being close to the promised 100. Variation in income per day from 60 to 140.

This maybe due to the amount of work done per day

Work done mainly in irrigation, road making and ground work.

Summary of statistical analysis

Both the genders not paid equally Involvement of middlemen – violation of Act. Improper attendance and corruption, leading

to fudging of muster rolls and funds’ exploitation

Workers forced to work under sarpanch and private land owners’ farms – another violation of Act and misuse of position.

Uneven and unjustified distribution of job cards – even the non-deserving people get cards and wages

Summary – contd.

Insufficient awareness of facilities granted by the Act – laxity of local officials, need of community building (example of Barwani district)

Need for better working facilities like drinking water, shade, crèches etc.

Financial Inclusion – all respondents have bank accounts and money is transferred into these accounts.

Summary – contd.

The Sarpanch has a lot of power in the system. People close to the sarpanch can get proxies

and therefore get paid for free. The jobs cards are issued by the panchayat. As

no incentive is given to the sarpanch and co. , the people are forced to remind the panchayat lots of times to get the card issued.

The sarpanch can make the people work in his own private lands, thus robbing them of their income.

Issues raised Sarpanch

The labourers are illiterate. They face difficulties in filling various forms like withdrawal form of the bank. They are forced to depend on other people.

They are usually exploited, in the matter of opening bank accounts.

Work can be demanded by the people by filling the C-6 form.

The have no knowledge about the unemployment allowance, which has to be given if no job is available 15 days after the filling of the C-6 form.

Illiteracy and Awareness

Irregular attendance. Proxies by people close to the person in-

charge of attendance. People close to the sarpanch get job cards

and fake attendance. People get attendance and do not work,

reducing the overall work done in the day and the income of the deserving people.

Attendance issues

It causes labour shortage for the fields. It is increasing the labour cost and hence the cost

of vegetables and other products. NREGA is like giving free money to workers i.e.

they do very less work and get full payment and this is making the workers lazy.

Not much community assets are being created to aid farming(though, the pie chart seems to show the opposite).

The state government of Bihar has decided to integrate agriculture with NREGA, this is a good sign for the farmers.

Issues raised by Farmers

Labour shortage faced by urban industries (manufacturing and construction).

Use of machinery in NREGA which is prohibited by the act.

Quality of work has been very poor. Contractors are involved in the system

which is prohibited by the act.

Other issues

There was great fraud in making (of job) cards, muster rolls were not maintained properly, and work was not provided to job seekers.

Workers performed one day's job but their attendance was put for 33 days.

The workers got money for one day while wages for 32 days were misappropriated by the people associated with the functioning of NREGA.

Job cards were found in the possession of sarpanchs or other panchayat functionaries.

Job cards were fudged and fake entries made,

Corruption in NREGA : Case Study

In the country as a whole, around ten lakh rural BPL households paid bribes to avail of NREGA benefits, to the tune of Rs 7.15 crores in the course of one year !!

Around 47% of rural BPL households that interacted with the NREGA found the officials/staff corrupt.

Half the households that paid bribes, did so to get registered for work under the scheme.

Source :- Centre for Media Studies (CMS) & Transparency International India (TII) in India Corruption Study-2009

Allowing NREGA work to be done in private lands of small and marginal farmers.

Allowing private contractors to implement NREGA work.

Permitting a new set of works that could be done under NREGA including, construction of buildings and sports stadiums

Appointment of ombudsman in each district for grievance redressal

Going beyond unskilled manual work by including "measurable" semi-skilled services like fishery and carpentry.

Convergence with projects of other ministries. Appointing dedicated staff at the district level to

educate people of their rights.

Suggestions to improve NREGA

Some pictures…