Human Body

Presented by:Janet Rushing, Assistant Principal, HarrisburgDeborah Burris, Assistant Principal, Mt. Pleasant

Objectives• Participants will unpack the life science standards related to

the structure and function of living organisms.

• Participants will be able to compare the major systems of the human body.

• Participants will be able to explain the structure and function of the human body systems.

• Participants will be able access a variety of online resources and tools to plan for the Living Organisms science unit.

Structures and Functions of Living OrganismsEssential Standards

5.L.1 – Understand how structures and systems of organisms (to include the human body) perform functions necessary for life.• 5.L.1.1 - Explain why some organisms are

capable of surviving as a single cell while others require many cells that are specialized to survive.• 5.L.1.2 - Compare the major systems of

the human body in terms of their functions necessary for life.

Structures and Functions of Living OrganismsUnpacked

Students know that unicellular organisms consist of a single cell and perform all life processes within a single cell. Students know that multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell and have differentiated cells that perform specialized functions in the organism. Students know that many organisms –including humans – are multicellular. Students know that in complex multicellular organisms, only the surface cells that are in contact with the external environment are able to exchange substances with it. Cells within the organism are too far away from the environment for direct exchange. This is the reason multicellular organisms have developed transport systems.

Structures and Functions of Living OrganismsUnpacked

Students know that there are many systems in the human body. Some of these systems are: • Circulatory System (heart, blood, vessels) • Respiratory System (nose, trachea, lungs) • Skeletal System (bones) • Muscular System (muscles) • Digestive System (mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines) • Nervous System (brain, spinal cord, nerves) Students know that each system performs a special life process function and that the systems work together to maintain health and fitness.

Human Body

• Most complicated machine in the world.

• We see with it, hear with it, breathe with it, walk and run with it, and sense pleasure with it.

• By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 10 trillion cells, the basic unit of life.

• Groups of cells combine and work in partnership to form tissue, which combines to form organs, which work together to form organ systems.

CELLS

5.L.1.1 - Explain why some organisms are capable of surviving as a single cell while others require many cells that are specialized to survive.

CellsBasic unit of structure and function of all living matter.

Size, shape and function varies.

All cells are similar. They have cellular components, example, nerve cells relate to the nerves, blood cells relate to the blood, etc…

Cells are compared to rooms of a house. Each room has walls, a floor and ceiling; Each room has a unique function as cells has its own unique function and is surrounded by a specialized cell membrane.

Videos to enhance learning:• Cells in the Human Body• Human Cell Types

MAJOR BODY SYSTEMS

5.L.1.2 - Compare the major systems of the human body in terms of their functions necessary for life.

Human Body SystemsThe organ systems of the body include the following:• Integumentary system • Skeletal system• Muscular system• Nervous system• Endocrine system• Circulatory system• Lymphatic & Immune system• Respiratory system• Digestive system• Urinary system• Reproductive system

Human Body Systems video

Body Systems• Integumentary System (Skin) – helps

regulate body temperature and is a barrier between the body and environment

• Skeletal System (Bones) • Muscular System (muscles)• Nervous System (Brain, Spinal Cord,

Nerves) • Endocrine System: Produces

hormones to regulate organ activity• Circulatory System (Heart, Blood)• Lymphatic & Immunity System

(Lymph vessels & nodes, immunity): Filters out harmful bacteria; acts as a reservoir for blood; works as a recycling plant, destroying and removing old RBCs and preserving the hemoglobin

Body Systems continued…• Respiratory System (lungs,

breathing)• Digestive System (Esophagus,

stomach, small/large intestines, gallbladder, mouth, pancreas, liver)

• Urinary System (Kidneys, Urinary Bladder, Ureters, Urethra) – Removes waste products from the body

• Reproductive System (Male/Female Reproductive Organs): Reproduces human beings

Skeleton SystemSupports and protects organs

Anchors muscles

Shapes and forms our body shape

Support, protect, allows bodily movement, site for blood formation for the body, and stores minerals

An infant is born with 300-350 bones. Due to bone fusing an adult body has 206 bones.

Consists of 2 main parts that include: Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton

Videos to enhance learning:• Skeletal System Overview• School House Rock Video• Skeletal System Song

Game:Skeletal System

Muscular SystemLargest System in the body; nearly ½ of our body weight comes from muscles.

Made up of tissues that work in conjunction with the Skeletal System to cause movement.

Function is to produce force and cause motion.

3 kinds of muscles: Skeletal Muscles; Cardiac Muscles; and Smooth Muscles.

Muscles provide strength, balance posture , movement and heat for the body to keep warm. Maintains body temperature

There are approximately 650 muscles in the human body.

Video to enhance learning:Muscular System Overview

Nervous SystemThe communication center of the body; it has specialized cells that communicate about the surroundings of organisms.

Controls all other body systems.

There are 2 categories: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Central Nervous System (CNS).

The brain is the core nervous system organ.

The spinal cord is the main pathway for information to be communicated between the brain and other organs of the body.

Nerves carry messages to and from the body.

Videos to enhance learning:Overview of Nervous System

Circulatory System• The circulatory system passes

nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, nitrogen waste products, food etc. to and from cells in the body.

• It helps fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.

• Organs include the heart, blood vessels and blood.

• Adult body has 8 to 10 pints of blood.• Approximately 5 L of blood continually

moves throughout the body daily.• The heart is the center of the

circulatory system. It is the pump that circulates blood to all parts of the body.

Videos to enhance learning:Overview of Circulatory System for StudentsSong for KidsHomeostasis is well being; state of balance.

Allows gas exchange.

It takes in oxygen from the air that you breathe in. Allows the body to get rid of carbon dioxide.

Main organs include the lungs. There are 2 lungs in the human body.

The left one is divided into two lobes because of making room for the heart;the right lung is divided into three lobes.

Videos to enhance learning:Overview of Respiratory System for Teachers

The digestive systems organs consist of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small/largeintestines, appendix and anus; Accessory organs include: gall bladder, pancreas, and liver. Breaks food down into smaller pieces. Changes food chemically by digestivejuices. Aids in the absorption of nutrients and to eliminate waste products.

Video to enhance learning:Overview of Digestive System for Teachers

Digestive Systems

References

• http://www.the-human-body.net/index.html

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=human+body+free+clipart&id=

• B01B254017C762D2B3EC88135EDFFB799E5C6A96&FORM=IQFRBA

• http://www.KidsHealth.org

• http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/humanbody.html

• http://www.makemegenius.com/

• http://wn.com/human_cell_types

• http://wn.com/skeletal_system

• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Cells+in+the+Human+Body&

• FORM=RESTAB

Fong, Elizabeth and Scott, Ann Senisi. Body Structures & Functions 10th edition. New York: Delmar Learning, 2004.

Fong, Elizabeth and Scott, Ann Senisi. Body Structures & Functions 9th edition. New York: Delmar Learning, 1998.

Schuster, Janette. North Carolina End-of-Grade Coach, Gold Edition, Science, Grade 5 205NC. New York: Triumph Learning, 2012.

Herlihy, Barbara and Maebius, Nancy. The Human Body in Health and Illness 2nd edition. Missouri: Elsevier Science, 2003.

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Cells+in+the+Human+Body&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=47A79AD5DD9A1DE3CFC947A79AD5DD9A1DE3CFC9

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=human+skeletal+system+video+for+kids&FORM=VIRE11#view=detail&mid=4F3686C9A746B154158F4F3686C9A746B154158F

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=human+skeletal+system+video+for+kids&FORM=VIRE11#view=detail&mid=B91FA347D7C105F9309FB91FA347D7C105F9309F

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=muscular%20system%20video&qs=VI&form=QBVR&pq=muscular%20system&sc=8-15&sp=3&sk=VI2#view=detail&mid=BF5BC4BA3D1A395B01A9BF5BC4BA3D1A395B01A9

Additional Video Resources

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=human+respiratory+system+for+kids&qs=AS&sk=VI1AS3&FORM=QBVR&pq=human%20respiratory%20s&sc=8-19&sp=5&qs=AS&sk=VI1AS3#view=detail&mid=879BF96AFAB0F2BDAAC0879BF96AFAB0F2BDAAC0

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Cells+in+the+Human+Body&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=87CD476FFB4D28EC78E287CD476FFB4D28EC78E2

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=digestive+system+video&qs=VI&form=QBVR&pq=digestive+system+video&sc=8-22&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=7F2519185FAF553444A37F2519185FAF553444A3

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Nervous+system+video&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=nervous+system+video&sc=8-20&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C0FF7E1DCF8DBC11A5D7C0FF7E1DCF8DBC11A5D7

Additional Video Resources

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=printable+human+body+diagram&qpvt=Printable+Human+Body+Diagram&FORM=IGRE

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Human+Body+Outline+Printable&FORM=RESTAB

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Human+Body+Felt+Board+Patterns&FORM=RESTAB#view=detail&id=5FF852B5CA5E478AADD4F27042679EACDB540912&selectedIndex=42

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=digestive+system+worksheets&qpvt=Digestive+System+Worksheets&FORM=IGRE#a

http://www.kbteachers.com/human-anatomy/

http://www.parents.com/blogs/homeschool-den/2013/04/03/science/human-body-systems-free-worksheets/

http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/human-body.html

Additional Handouts and Resources

http://health-advisors.org/human-body-diagram-labeled-organs/

http://www.wartgames.com/themes/humanbody/heart.html

http://www.homeschool-activities.com/human-body-for-kids.html

http://www.pinterest.com/explore/human-body-crafts/

http://www.netplaces.com/kids-science-experiments/the-human-body/

Branzei, Sylvia. The Science of Really Gross Things! Grossology. New York: Price Stern Sloan, Penguin Putnam Books, 2002.

Branzei, Sylvia. The Science of Really Gross Things! Grossology. New York: Price Stern Sloan, Penguin Putnam Books, 1995.

Branzei, Sylvia. Really Gross Things About Your Body. Grossology. New York: Price Stern Sloan, Penguin Putnam Books, 2002.

Matt, Margaret. Human Anatomy Coloring Book. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1982.

Additional Handouts and Resources

Human Body Basics Assessment

Table Top Activities

Body System Activities (Mt. Pleasant)• Respiratory activity: Lung Volume• Skeleton Project: Create a 3D skeleton and skeletal pattern• Bones Activity: recipe on how to make bones• Body System: felt or paper activity• Circulatory System: fake blood

Body System Activities (Harrisburg)• Webquest• Notebooking• Science Kit

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