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Human Right to Social Protection – Systematization of National Capacity Development Efforts [email protected] BMZ/RUB/CHREN Conference: SDGs and Human Rights Bonn 6 June, 2017
Human Right to Social Protection – Systematization of National Capacity Development Efforts
BMZ/RUB/CHREN Conference: SDGs and Human Rights
Bonn 6 June, 2017
11 Partner countries, 2015-18 Small scale (200-500.000e/country)
2
Ethiopia
Tanzania
Mozambique
Namibia
Zambia Togo
Kyrgyzstan
Vietnam
Cambodia
Indonesia Malawi
EU Social Protection Systems Initiative
EU-SPS Team work: THL-Finland + OECD + GIZ-Germany
4
Ethiopia
Tanzania
Mozambique
Namibia
Zambia Togo
Kyrgyzstan
Vietnam
Cambodia
Indonesia Malawi
EU Social Protection Systems Initiative
+ Access to European TA on Social Protection through SOCIEUX, the EU SP Expert Facility
(Max. 2 experts x 2 weeks x 6 within 2 years, in all countries)
EU-SPS Overall Goal: Human Right to Social Protection
“To support partner countries in the development of nationally-owned sustainable and inclusive social protection systems, to reduce vulnerability and inequality through universal access to a nationally defined social protection floor throughout people’s lifecycles, and higher levels of protection, with particular attention to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged people such as children, women, minorities, persons with disabilities and older persons.”
EU-SPS = Supporting the systematization of national SP efforts.
- 3 specific objectives:
1. Social Protection Systems Assessments and Research (Paris-led = OECD)
2. Social Protection Capacity Development (Helsinki-led = THL)
3. Evidence and guidance to EU Commission and EU-MSs to support future programming of aid to Social Protection (both)
+ Germany joined in 2016: Country action in 5 countries + UniBonn
@ Country level: Donors often spend millions on capacity development on: How to fill in the project-specific monitoring and reporting forms?
SYSTEMATIZATION OF CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ?
From donor-funded ad hoc courses to social protection curricula development at permanent
national universities, colleges and TVETs
Social Protection Curriculum Assessment and
Development Process - Zambia
- One national university as convener / coordinator
- Network of several universities/departments (social work,
economics, law, nutrition, health, statistics, etc.)
- Mapping of the social protection relevant courses offered
+ Identification of gaps
SELECTED COURSES RELATED TO SP (Zambia)
12
ECN 3235: Public Finance
ECN 4135: Labour Economics
ECN 9155: Health Economics
SDS 9210: Social Protection
AED 4715: Intro. to Gerontology
AED 3110: Participatory Approaches to
Devpt
LIR 351: Social Security Systems
SSW 422: Families in a Changing World
SSW 411: The Law & Social Work
SSW 221: Child & Youth Devpt
SIR 442: Democracy & Human Rights
SLG 221: Local Govt Admin
SLG 441: Public Procurement
SW 350: Social Welfare Policies
SW 325: Social Welfare Planning & Mgt EDPC 395: Marriage & Family Counselling MAT 3022: Investment & Portfolio Mgt MAT 4022: Pensions Design & Valuation DEM 4110: Advanced Techniques of Demographic Analysis & Estimation EPS 2010: Disability & Attitudes (Disabilities, School and Societal Attitudes) EPS 4019: Guidance & Counselling EPS 2035: Physical Disabilities & Health Impairments. EPS 2031: Learning Disabilities DEV 9850 : Entrepreneurship & Devpt DEV 9650: Women & Development DEV 3150: Agriculture, Food Security & Rural Development SW 4715: Community Development SWK 4211: Monitoring & Evaluative Research
Capacities for all 4 Pillars? (TANZ)
Contributory SP (Coverage: 10%)
-6 Pension Schemes (NHIF+CHF} -1 Zanzibar SSF
-Unemployment Benefits (Social Security Regulatory
Authority)
Social Assist. TASAF (1.1m Hh)
-CCT, PWP, LE, Infrastructure) -Zanzibar Social Pensions
Productive Inclusion
Livelihoods -Financial & Savings groups
-Income generation Asset building (graduation)
Social Services -Health
-Education -Water and sanitation
Financing
5-10%
Youth
Cash Transfers (UCT or CCT)
In-Work Benefits
Social Pensions
Unempl. Assistance
Birth, Child Allowances Scholarships
Unempl. Insurance
Disability Assistance
Disability Insurance
Food Stamps/ vouchers
Nutrition Supplements
Maternity Benefits Survivor &
Death Benefits
Sickness & Injury
School Feeding, Supplies, Transport
Food Stamps/vouchers
Contributory Pensions
Utility Subsidies
Utility Subsidies
Care-Giver Allowance
Public Works
Housing Subsidies
Families
Pregnancy & ECD Childhood
Active-Age Adults Elderly Disabled
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Family Services
ALMP / Activation Services
Parenting Services
ECD & Nutrition
Child Care Services
Services for At-Risk Youth
Child Protective Services Social & Long-Term
Care Services
Financial & Productive Inclusion Services
Active Aging
Services
Training & Skills
Disaster Services
Transport Subsidies Transport Subsidies
Legal services
Intermediation, Counseling, Psycho-Social Support Services
Risk: myriad of benefits & services without vision of how these work together (fragmentation SYSTEM)
Source: Barca
Social Protection for Life Cycle Risks: ~1/9 covered in LICs
MATERNITY & INFANTS
SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN
YOUTH
ADULT LIFE
OLD AGE
DEATH
ETHIOPIA PSNP Productive Safety Net Program Min of Agric. Min. of Social
ETHIOPIA: PILOT in AMHARA Region
Units of Competence
Transforming OS into TVET Curricula in Ethiopia
Learning Module Titles
Elements of Competence Learning Outcomes (Objectives)
Elements of Competence
Performance Criteria
Range of Variables
Contents
Occupational Standard TVET Curriculum
Evidence Guide
Learning Strategies
Resource Conditions
Assessment Criteria, Methods & Conditions
18 MC IT Service Mgt L5.doc
Leadership and Transformation Curriculum on Building
National Social Protection Floors
27th March – 31st March and 3rd – 5th April
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
African experts, international partners, ILO coordination
Conference of African Ministers in charge of Social Protection, Algiers 24-28 April
+ SPIAC-B meeting 27 April Presentation of the TRANSFORM SP Training Modules
http://socialprotection.org/institutions/transform
TRANSFORM Key Content:
• Legal frameworks for SocProtection
• Identification and selection of beneficiaries
• Admin: registration, payments, conditionality, graduation, case management, complaints
• Financing and Financial management
• Coordination, MIS and M&E
AU Learner and Facilitator friendly pedagogical approach and graphic design + E-learning Virtual Campus
An Institutional Partnership Programme:
African Union: 90% of Africans need
’SPIREWORK’ Social Protection for Informal and Rural
Economy Workers
ZAMBIA Green Jobs
TANZANIA: SP in forestry
CAMBODIA Informal Workers in the Construction Sector
See a You Tube video on SPIREWORK in Zambia @
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIuRvljeVX8&feature=youtu.be
EU-SPS: Action Learning / Co-creation
Additional EU funding needed to continue this kind of work 2019 Development cooperation ? Social protection in humanitarian and conflict contexts? University cooperation ? Trade and development co-creation? ICT for Social Protection ?
TH
E W
OR
LD
BA
NK
’S S
OC
IAL
PR
OT
EC
TIO
N A
ND
LA
BO
R S
TR
AT
EG
Y 2
01
2-2
02
2
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WB: Lending for Social Protection at an all time high (2012-2016)
SPL lending reached an all time high about 6.2 billion in 2016 Lending has typically been dominated by IBRD, but in 2012 this trend changed with IDA lending exceeding IBRD lending. Do we want to leave this to WB alone? Rights-based SP ???
Children
Working age
Old age
Disability Benefits
Universal Social Protection for Human Rights and Inclusive Economies
ILO-REC 202: Social Protection Floors
Child Support
Support for those without jobs Old Age Pension, Survivors
Maternity
Safety nets for the poor
Access to Health
Work Injury
…and many development partners
working together to promote Universal Social Protection
Systems
See: www.universal.social-protection.org
A Story of More than 100 Years: Building
Social Protection
Systems …
Rapid Expansion
since 2000s Source: World Social Protection Report 2014-15, ILO
Many countries have put in place universal social protection schemes:
• Argentina • Armenia • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Bolivia • Botswana • Brazil • Brunei • Cabo Verde • Chile • China • Cook Islands • Georgia
• Guyana • India • Kazakhstan • Kiribati • Kosovo • Kyrgyz
Republic • Lesotho • Maldives • Mauritius • Mongolia • Namibia • Nepal
• Samoa • Seychelles • South Africa • Swaziland • Tanzania
(Zanzibar) • Thailand • Timor-Leste • Trinidad
Tobago • Ukraine • Uruguay • Uzbekistan
Source: universal.social-protection.org
100
300
500
700
900
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
Number of people covered (in millions)
Example: China Expansion of old-age
pension coverage over 2001-2013
UN-Rapporteur Sepulveda + UNRISD + Finland + UN-Agencies
SP for All = HR
Strategies for Universal Social Protection Floors and Systems & the role of ISPA Assessments
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• (a) Start national dialogue with all relevant stakeholders, including employers,
workers, UN and development partners
• (b) identify gaps in social protection
• (c) determine appropriate social protection schemes, whether contributory or non-contributory, or both, as well as the time frame and sequencing for the progressive achievement of the objectives
•(d) Cost selected schemes, identify potential fiscal space
• (e) Discuss financial and human resources with Government
• (f) Agree national strategy and capacity development plan through national social dialogue
14.
In all countries we follow a step-by-step approach leading to sustainable changes
National social
protection strategy
1- Assessment based national dialogue
Scheme established /
reformed
2- Design or reform of a social protection scheme
Scheme ‘s operations improved
3- Improvement of operations (administrative and financial)
18 months 12 to 24 months 12 to 36 months
Coverage
Adequacy
Access
Impact: SPFs for all
A wide range of specialized services
And some innovative features!
2,017 of members from all around the world…
Sub- Saharan Africa 622 (31%)
Latin America & the Caribbean 453 (22%)
Europe and Central Asia 441 (22%)
North America 162 (8%)
Asia and the Pacific 277 (14%)
Middle East & North Africa 62 (3%)
by April 10, 2017
Promoting excellence
in social security
www.issa.int
The ISSA Guidelines: Professional standards
Good Governance
Service Quality
Contribution Collection and Compliance
Information and Communication Technology
Actuarial Work (jointly with ILO)
Communication
Administrative Solutions for Coverage Extension
Investment of Social Security Funds
Promotion of Sustainable Employment
Return to Work and Reintegration
Prevention of Occupational Risks
Workplace Health Promotion
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The Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA) agrees to a new social compact to deliver social protection and essential public services for all.
Financing sources: (1) National budgets – monitored by system of national accounts and IMF Government Finance Statistics (2) Development Aid – by OECD DAC CRS Codes and (3) Innovative sources of development finance.
AAAA Global Social Compact 2015
Social Protection for All Social Services for All
Transfers in cash/in kind
pensions for older persons,
disability benefits, maternity/
child allowances, support for
those poor/without jobs
Ministry of Labour, Social
Security and Welfare
SDGs 1.3 ++
Education
Ministry of
Education
SDG 4
Health
Ministry
of
Health
SDG 3
Water &
Sanitation
Ministry of
Public
Works
SDG 6
Housingslum
upgrading
Ministry
Housing
SDG 11
Social Compact
Cost of Social Protection Floor in 90 Developing Countries, in %GDP
Source: ILO calculations; the Social Protection Floor includes universal child and orphan benefits,
maternity benefits, disability pensions, support for those poor and without jobs, old-age pensions plus the
administrative costs, based on national poverty lines.
Cost of Social Protection Floor in 90 Developing Countries, in %GDP
Source: ILO calculations; the Social Protection Floor includes universal child and orphan benefits,
maternity benefits, disability pensions, support for those poor and without jobs, old-age pensions plus the
administrative costs, based on national poverty lines.
Complemented by Innovative Sources of Development Finance
To complement -- never replace – ODA. Examples:
1. Airline ticket levy, exists in about 9 countries, earnmarked for global health initiative UNITAID
2. Financial Transaction Taxes (FTT), already exist in some G20 countries (EU 2011 estimates FTT could raise between €16-€400 billion)
3. Arms trade taxes: 10% tax on the international arms trade could accrue up to US$5 billion annually (WHO 2009b)
4. Proposals for a World Solidarity Fund
5. Issuing new Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), UN proposals, would also serve to protect countries from the risk of financial crisis
6. Voluntary donations using new methods (percentage of credit card sales, lotteries, etc),
Complemented by Innovative Sources of Development Finance
To complement -- never replace – ODA. Examples:
1. Airline ticket levy, exists in about 9 countries, earnmarked for global health initiative UNITAID
2. Financial Transaction Taxes (FTT), already exist in some G20 countries (EU 2011 estimates FTT could raise between €16-€400 billion)
3. Arms trade taxes: 10% tax on the international arms trade could accrue up to US$5 billion annually (WHO 2009b)
4. Proposals for a World Solidarity Fund
5. Issuing new Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), UN proposals, would also serve to protect countries from the risk of financial crisis
6. Voluntary donations using new methods (percentage of credit card sales, lotteries, etc),
Development Aid Necessary
• Particularly in low income countries
• Social Protection: Limited ODA, urgent need of funding
• While the recurrent costs of social protection floors are affordable in the majority of developing countries: ILO estimates in 90 developing countries that recurrent resources needed to operate cash transfers and administrative costs amount to 2.9% GDP as an average
• Start-up investments are needed: Initial investments for:
– technical advisory services (desing, legal, actuarial, financial)
– computers/ICT
– building of administrative, actuarial and statistical capacities, including training to government officials
• Calls for a global fund or global trust funds (De Schutter/Sepulveda, ILO, Global Coalition for Social Protection Floors), or a global commitment/initiative, for social protection floors
High-level Political Forum (HLPF) • The High-level Political Forum, United Nations central platform for
follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs
• Voluntary national reviews at the UN (44 countries in 2017)
• Next HLPF on 10-19 July 2017. The theme will be "Eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in a changing world".
HLPF TIMELINE
• 2017: Eradicating poverty and promoting prosperity in a changing world - SDGs 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and 14
• 2018: Transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies - SDGs 6, 7, 11, 12, 15
• 2019: Empowering people and ensuring inclusiveness and equality - SDGs 4, 8, 10, 13, 16
