Human World Case Human World Case Study Revision SessionStudy Revision Session

BangaloreBangalore

Where is Bangalore?Where is Bangalore?

BANGALORE:BANGALORE:What do you need to know?What do you need to know?

Where is Bangalore?Where is Bangalore?

Why has Bangalore grown?Why has Bangalore grown?

Sketch map of BangaloreSketch map of Bangalore

Descriptions of characteristics of each Descriptions of characteristics of each zone and it’s location:zone and it’s location:

- CBD, Inner city area, Suburbs, Commuter - CBD, Inner city area, Suburbs, Commuter AreaArea

Where is Bangalore situated?Where is Bangalore situated?

Central southern IndiaCentral southern India

On a plateau (relatively flat highland)On a plateau (relatively flat highland)

Capital of Karnataka stateCapital of Karnataka state

Founded in 1537 & remained a small Founded in 1537 & remained a small village for many yrsvillage for many yrs

In 1949 Bangalore Municipal Corporation In 1949 Bangalore Municipal Corporation was formedwas formed

It has since seen very rapid growthIt has since seen very rapid growth

Why has Bangalore grown?Why has Bangalore grown?

Bangalore is a beautiful Bangalore is a beautiful garden citygarden city - many tree lined - many tree lined streets & a streets & a pleasant climatepleasant climate have aided it’s growth. have aided it’s growth.

AfterAfter IndependenceIndependence from the UK in from the UK in 19471947 the Indian the Indian government government developeddeveloped certain certain industries & industries & educational & research facilitieseducational & research facilities which also which also encouraged growth as encouraged growth as people came looking for jobs.people came looking for jobs.

Most Most rapid growthrapid growth occurred occurred when Bangalore became when Bangalore became capital of Karnatakacapital of Karnataka in 1956. in 1956.

This This growth placed great pressure on the cities growth placed great pressure on the cities infrastructureinfrastructure, a problem still trying to be solved today., a problem still trying to be solved today.

In 1980’s Bangalore became the location for the first In 1980’s Bangalore became the location for the first major foreign investment in high technology in India major foreign investment in high technology in India (Texas Instruments).(Texas Instruments).

Many Many TNC’sTNC’s have been have been drawn the citydrawn the city since since due todue to the the pleasant climate & reputation for cheap labour (a pleasant climate & reputation for cheap labour (a computer analyst earns four times less than in USA).computer analyst earns four times less than in USA).

During 1990’s BangaloreDuring 1990’s Bangalore became India’s most became India’s most important centre forimportant centre for a number of industries, including a number of industries, including biotechnology, aerospace & IT industriesbiotechnology, aerospace & IT industries..

It’s It’s population is growingpopulation is growing by about by about 150,000 a year150,000 a year..

What are the land use patterns in What are the land use patterns in Bangalore?Bangalore?

It is very It is very difficult to discuss in a logical difficult to discuss in a logical way due to the rapid growth.way due to the rapid growth.

This is the key difference between This is the key difference between Reading and Bangalore!Reading and Bangalore!

Sketch Map!Sketch Map!

CBD (Zone A)CBD (Zone A)

CBDCBD

Centre of Bangalore is Centre of Bangalore is split in twosplit in two by Cubbon Park. by Cubbon Park.West West – – original Cityoriginal City of Bangalore with of Bangalore with templestemples, , fortifications, densely populated.fortifications, densely populated.EastEast – – Old British military areaOld British military area with barracks with barracks accommodation for senior officers, churches.accommodation for senior officers, churches.The centre is like this due to the segregation between The centre is like this due to the segregation between the British & Indians during Colonial rule.the British & Indians during Colonial rule.Cubbon parkCubbon park – used to be a trading area and when the – used to be a trading area and when the British left it was decided to keep the area as a park. British left it was decided to keep the area as a park. Today: numerous lakes, race course, cricket groundToday: numerous lakes, race course, cricket ground. . Mahatma Ghandi RoadMahatma Ghandi Road (main road in the CBD), has (main road in the CBD), has always been always been v busyv busy. . High rise buildingsHigh rise buildings due to due to demand for land.demand for land.The The main shopping and commercialmain shopping and commercial centre.centre.

Fraser Town Middle to Upper Class Fraser Town Middle to Upper Class SuburbSuburb

Fraser TownFraser Town

Originally Originally bungalows built for the British Military officers.bungalows built for the British Military officers.3km north-east of CBD.3km north-east of CBD.Spacious & large gardensSpacious & large gardens due to plenty of land & status of due to plenty of land & status of occupants.occupants.The The gardens have now been sold & expensive apartment gardens have now been sold & expensive apartment blocksblocks built.built.There There was great demand for housing close to the CBD & a was great demand for housing close to the CBD & a growing affluent work force who could pay for them.growing affluent work force who could pay for them.But But no new infrastructureno new infrastructure was put in & the water and sewage was put in & the water and sewage systems can not cope with the population increase.systems can not cope with the population increase.Water is rationedWater is rationed & there is lots of pollution in streams. & there is lots of pollution in streams.On the edge of the area there are busteesOn the edge of the area there are bustees to house the to house the construction workers adding to the problems.construction workers adding to the problems.Population density – 307 per hectare.Population density – 307 per hectare.

Maya Bazaar Shanty Town Maya Bazaar Shanty Town (Bustee)(Bustee)

Maya Bazaar Shanty Town Maya Bazaar Shanty Town (Bustee)(Bustee)

3km south-east of CBD, land originally owned by the 3km south-east of CBD, land originally owned by the army.army.First settled by migrant workers in the 1950’sFirst settled by migrant workers in the 1950’s who who came from rural areas to earn money to then return to came from rural areas to earn money to then return to their villages.their villages.Very poor & unable to pay rents and lack of housing in Very poor & unable to pay rents and lack of housing in the city forced this sort of housing to develop.the city forced this sort of housing to develop.They They built houses out of anything they could findbuilt houses out of anything they could find on on vacant land.vacant land.The The houses are now made from breeze blockshouses are now made from breeze blocks and and there are taps there are taps and communal toilet blocksand communal toilet blocks..Population density 1000 per hectarePopulation density 1000 per hectare

IndiranagarIndiranagar

IndiranagarIndiranagar4-5 km east of CBD & near to airport 4-5 km east of CBD & near to airport

One of best residential areas in BangaloreOne of best residential areas in Bangalore..

Developed in 1970’s: large, individually designed houses, tree lined Developed in 1970’s: large, individually designed houses, tree lined roadsroads

Public open spaces are not filled with shantiesPublic open spaces are not filled with shanties

There are poorer people but these are the servants of the rich There are poorer people but these are the servants of the rich homeownershomeowners..

Own school Own school Indiranagar High School, the Singapore Technology Park Indiranagar High School, the Singapore Technology Park and a Hospital (and a Hospital (one of the best medical institutions in the city).one of the best medical institutions in the city).

Population density – 149 per hectarePopulation density – 149 per hectare

Bagular Shanty Town (Bustee)Bagular Shanty Town (Bustee)

Bagular Shanty Town (Bustee)Bagular Shanty Town (Bustee)

5km north-east of the CBD. 5km north-east of the CBD. Started in the 1960’s on the edge of Started in the 1960’s on the edge of the citythe city

Land is bordered by a railway line, cemetery and two major Land is bordered by a railway line, cemetery and two major roadsroads. Vacant before developed illegally by the bustee dwellers.. Vacant before developed illegally by the bustee dwellers.

Houses built out of anything they could findHouses built out of anything they could find due to lack of due to lack of housing in the city and unable to pay for proper housing.housing in the city and unable to pay for proper housing.

Some homes have electricity, there are now some communal toilets Some homes have electricity, there are now some communal toilets and taps but there are still open sewers where children play.and taps but there are still open sewers where children play.

Population density 1200 per hectarePopulation density 1200 per hectare

Industrial AreasIndustrial Areas

Industrial AreasIndustrial Areas

Known as Silicon Plateau, 250 hi-tech companies, TNC’s such as Known as Silicon Plateau, 250 hi-tech companies, TNC’s such as Compaq, Hewlett Packard and Apple.Compaq, Hewlett Packard and Apple.

Drawn to Bangalore because of the pool of English speaking, highly Drawn to Bangalore because of the pool of English speaking, highly educated workers who will work for lower salaries as the cost of educated workers who will work for lower salaries as the cost of living is lower.living is lower.

Other industries include aeronautics, brewing and silk production. Other industries include aeronautics, brewing and silk production. Toyota are building a car assembly plant there due to the increasing Toyota are building a car assembly plant there due to the increasing market.market.

Found along main roads and railway lines.Found along main roads and railway lines.

Found on the outskirts of the city – International Tech Park.Found on the outskirts of the city – International Tech Park.

Found close to the airport – Singapore Technology Park.Found close to the airport – Singapore Technology Park.

What is the difference in land use What is the difference in land use between Reading & Bangalore?between Reading & Bangalore?

Reading has quite a structured land use pattern. CBD in the centre, Reading has quite a structured land use pattern. CBD in the centre, oldest housing nearest to that and the newer, larger housing on the oldest housing nearest to that and the newer, larger housing on the outskirts of the urban area. Industry follows main transport links and outskirts of the urban area. Industry follows main transport links and is often found around ring road junctions.is often found around ring road junctions.

Bangalore’s is quite unstructured. The CBD is split in two & Bangalore’s is quite unstructured. The CBD is split in two & surrounds a large area of parkland. Generally areas of housing surrounds a large area of parkland. Generally areas of housing follows a similar pattern to Reading, with the newer & larger on the follows a similar pattern to Reading, with the newer & larger on the outskirts and industry following major communication routes but outskirts and industry following major communication routes but there are some anomalies;there are some anomalies;

- The Maya Bazaar bustee is found the same distance from the CBD The Maya Bazaar bustee is found the same distance from the CBD as the affluent Frazer Town area but in a different direction. as the affluent Frazer Town area but in a different direction.

- Also the Bangalore bustee lies the same distance from the CBD as Also the Bangalore bustee lies the same distance from the CBD as the very affluent and green Indiranagar area but in a different the very affluent and green Indiranagar area but in a different direction. direction.

Possible exam questions:Possible exam questions:

With reference to your chosen LEDC urban With reference to your chosen LEDC urban area, describe the land use patterns found there. area, describe the land use patterns found there. You may use a sketch to help you. [6]You may use a sketch to help you. [6]

With reference to your chosen LEDC urban With reference to your chosen LEDC urban area;area;

a.) Give two physical and two human reasons for a.) Give two physical and two human reasons for its growth. [4]its growth. [4]

b.) Describe the location of industrial areas within b.) Describe the location of industrial areas within the urban area. [2]the urban area. [2]