Date post: | 28-Mar-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | bonnie-hao |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 0 times |
HUMANITIES MID-YEAR REVISIONBy Bonnie Hao7B
产品或服务 2016 年冬季
5
SOURCES & EVIDENCESLesson Objectives:
-To understand the difference between the 2 types of evidence- Identify examples of primary and secondary sources
PRIMARY EVIDENCES
A PRIMARY EVIDENCE is evidence that was created at the time of the event. Primary evidence can be broken down into 4 categories: written source, images, oral testimony and artifacts. For example, letters, newspapers, maps, photographs, film, porcelain doll, story telling, cartoons etc.
SECONDARY EVIDENCES
Most people would probably say that they would look in a book, ask a
teacher or other expert, and check it out on the Internet.
Resources like this can tell us not only historical facts but we can also use them to find out about what other
people think about what happened, in other words the interpretation of
产品或服务 2016 年冬季
5
SOURCE SKILLS: BIASLesson Objective:
To examine what bias and reliability of sources are
What does the Phrase “There are 2 sides to every story mean?
It means every story has its good and bad side, it depends how you judge or
view it.
Bias: A view that is highly unbalanced
and does not present both
VOCABULARY:Bias: one-sided/point-of-viewReliable: trustworthyMisled: being told the wrong thing
产品或服务 2016 年冬季
5
CHRONOLOGY
Lesson Objective:To identify key terms describing timeTo describe the difference between BC and ADTo give names to centuries
WHAT IS CHRONOLOGY?Chronology is the study of exactly
when things happened. When historians put events in
chronological order, they put them in the order that they
BC= Before ChristAD= Anno Domino
Century= One hundred yearAD=In Latin words, it means after ChristDecade=every 10 yearsPeriods=separate division of timeBC=Before ChristMillennium=One thousand years
The easiest way is to cover the last two digits up and
add one. For example, if you cover last two
digits of 1873, you see 18, so 1873 is
+ (AD)- (BC)
2012 years
YEAR 0when Jesus was born
500 years
产品或服务 2016 年冬季
5
HISTORICAL CATEGORIESLesson Objective:
To identify and understand key terms for historical categoriesTo place historical events into the correct category
CATEGORIZING HISTORICAL EVENTS
Political: To do with war, power, government and rightsEconomics: how people earn money and spend their moneySocial: people’s everyday life at work and at workTechnology: to do with developments in computers and medicinesPOLITICAL
1810- Britain and Ireland make one country1914- World War One began1918- Women are allowed to vote1939- World War II began
ECONOMICS1908- First pensions given to people over 701946- Child benefit was introduced in the UK1970- Equal pay for men and women
TECHNOLOGY1829- First passenger steam train1947- National Health Service was set up1981- First home computer
SOCIAL1872- First FA Cup final1839- Charles Dickens wrote “Oliver Twist”1963- First Beatles song was recorded
EARTHLesson Objective:
Identify examples of how the Earth is changing naturally, how humans are
changing it, and how these changes can be dangerous to usKey Vocabulary:
Natural: not man-made, created naturallyWeathering: the breaking down of rocks, caused mainly by the weather; it turns into soil in the endFossil fuel: coal, oil and natural gasGlobal Warming: average temperatures around the world are rising; experts say this is mainly due to carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels.CHANGED NATURALLY
-Water, scraping rocks, drowns land-Volcanoes, mountains, creating countries and islands-Rocks weathering caused my wind -Earthquakes separate land-Waves
CHANGED BY HUMANS-Technology-Farming-Building towns and cities-Deforestation-Dividing Earth into 200 countries
MAPS & DISTANCELesson Objectives:Understand map key, scale and grid linesTo measure distance using two methods
To identify the main map symbols
VOCABULARY
Aerial Photo- taken from the airSketch Map- a simple map to show what a place is like, or how to get there; it is not drawn to scaleScale- the ratio of the distance on a map to the real distanceGridlines- they divide the map into squares, the columns and rows of squares have been labeled (A, B, C… 1, 2, 3…)Key- symbols used to show where things are
MAP SYMBOLS
AbbreviationsFm= FarmSch= SchoolMus= Museum
Road SymbolsRoad under constructionPath
Tourist Information
Picnic Sites
METHODS OF MEASURING DISTANCESMethod 1- AS THE CROW FLIES, a straight-line
distance between two places, ignoring the turns of roads.
Method 2- BY ROAD, takes consideration the twists and turns of roads.
VOLCANOESVOCABULARY
Magma- melted rock below the Earth’s surface; when it reaches the surface it is called lavaLava- melted rock that erupts from a volcanoCrust- the thin outer layer of the Earth, made of rockDormant- not activeActive- when a volcano can eruptPlates- the Earth’s surface is broken into large slabs; these are called platesVent- a hole through which lava erupts, on a volcanoPyroclastic flow- a flood of gas, dust, ash and other particles rushing down the side of a volcano, after an eruption
OCEANPLATES
Convection
Currents
The plates are pulled apart by the convection currents in the soft rock below them.
ONE.
Magma
Liquid rock or magma rises between the plates. It hardens to basalt…
TWOMagma hardens to form ridge of
new basalt
… which forms new ocean floor. So the ocean floors
getting wider- by 2cm every year.
THREE
New Ocean Floor
HOW IS A VOLCANO FORMED?
DAMAGES CAUSED BY A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Lesson Objective:Identify and explain five examples of damage caused by a volcanic
eruptionPyroclastic flow- the flow can travel up to 200km/hour, you can’t escape, it scorches everything
Mudflow- mudflows can travel up to 100km.hour, you will drown in mud.
Volcanic Gas- causes acid rain, kills trees and plants.
Dust- rise high in the atmosphere and blocks the sun, this causes temperatures to fall.
Shower of Ash- a thick blanket of ash will ruin crops, it can also suffocate you.
Lava Flow- lava flows destroy crops, and bury towns and villages (they can kill you too, but you can just walk out of the way)
A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a
planet’s surface or crust, which
allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma chamber
WHY DO PEOPLE LIVE NEAR VOLCANOS?
Geothermal Energy:How is Geothermal energy created?Superheated steam, created by the heating of water in permeable rocks in magma can be used to drive turbines.Why is geothermal energy better than some other types?This energy is renewable and sustainable, and is also pollution free.Example locations and data:US, New Zealand, Italy, Iceland etc. In fact 17% of Iceland’s electricity is created this way.
TourismHow is geothermal energy created?Superheated steam, created by the heating of water in permeable rocks in magma can be used to drive turbines.Why is geothermal energy better than some other types?This energy is renewable and sustainable, and is also pollution free.Example locations and data:US, New Zealand, Italy, Iceland, in fact 17% of Iceland’s electricity is created this way.
Fertile Soils:Why are volcanic soils so good for growing crops?Because they release valuable nutrients and minerals which enrich the soil, as well as improving soil characteristicsWhat kinds of crops are grown around volcanoes?Rice, olives, fruits etc.Example locations and data:Java, Indonesia, attract due to the rich farming opportunity (one million live within 20 million) Italy, slopes of Vesuvivs and Etha, one in five Sicilians are believed to live on the slopes of Etna
MineralsWhy are precious metals and minerals found in volcanic areas?Valuable metals such as cooper, gold, silver, lead, zinc and diamonds are found as magma cools and hardens beneath the volcano.What types of minerals are found?Cooper, gold, silver, lead, zinc and even diamonds.Example locations and data:Mount St. Helens (USA) as early as 1892.
Lesson Objective:Examine and restate why people live near
dangerous volcanoes.
Scientific Name: Australopithecines
Traits: Fed on leaves, fruits and the remains of dead
animalsAchievement: First to grow the
Scientific Name: Homo Habilis (Man of Skill)
Traits:-2.5-1.5 million BC
-Brain size of 700 cubic centimeter
Achievements:-Made tools from lava rock-Use tools to cut meat and
crack bones
Scientific Name: Homo Erectus (Up Right Man)Traits:
-1.6-30,000 million BC-More intelligent and adaptable
-Brain size 1000 cubic centimeter
Scientific Name: NeanthedralsTraits:
-200,000-30,000 BC-Powerfully built
-Brain size 1450 cubic centimeter-Heavy, slanted eyebrows
Achievements: -First to have ritual burials
-Tried to control and explain the world
EARLY HUMANSLesson Objective:
Describe the traits and achievements of early humans
FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION
Lesson Objective:Define civilization
Identify five basic features of a civilization
A civilization is a human community located in a
particular place and time and has advanced political, The five basic features of a civilization are:
ADVANCED CITIES:In order to be considered a city it must have
Large populationMust be a center of trade.
COMPLEX INSTITUTIONSInstitution- a long lasting pattern of organization in a community such as
GovernmentReligionEconomy
TECHONOLOGYNew tools and techniques that solve problems and make life easierSPECIALIZED WORKERSSpecialized means someone has the skills to do a specific kind of workRECORD KEEPINGMust have a developed system of writing so the people can
Record businessWrite a set of lawsPriests can record rituals and dates
CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
BABYLONIANS (1900BC-110BC)
The Babylonians created a numeral system based on the number 60. This helped us to
derive the 360-degree system.
EGYPTIANS (3100BC-100BC)They Ancient Egyptians were the first to use geometry to survey
land.
GREEKS (1100BC-200BC)The thermometer is a old
invention that the Greeks of Alexandria invented. They first offered Logic and Philosophy.
Most modern philosophical currents are based either on
Plato or Aristotle.
ROMANS (500BC-400AD)The Roman buildings and
aqueducts are considered great contributions to history
civilization, they built large edifices like the Colosseum and
the Pantheon. Rome was the first republic.
ANCIENT CHINA
CHINA (2200BC-Modern Day)They invented many things that are still used today, like paper,
tea, process of printing, the compass, and medicines based on herb and minerals. They also
discovered substances for dyeing cloth and glazing pottery.
DYNASTYA dynasty is when one family rules a country or region over
a long period of time. Generally, the head of the family will be the ruler of the land, like an emperor
or king. When that ruler dies, another member of the family will take power, usually the oldest son. When a new family takes control,
THE MANDATE OF HEAVENThe Mandate of Heaven is what the Chinese
people believed gave their rulers the right to be king or emperor. It meant that the gods had blessed that person with the right to rule. A ruler had to be a good and just ruler to keep the Mandate of Heaven.
When a ruler or dynasty lost power, this meant that they must also have lost the Mandate of Heaven.