Hvacpsychrometryandconcepts 150527063149 Lva1 App6892

7/23/2019 Hvacpsychrometryandconcepts 150527063149 Lva1 App6892

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PRESENTED BY:AISHWARYA DEOPUJARI

PRERANA DASNISHTHA DUGGAL

VASUNDHRA SINGHSRIDEVI

SECTION-B6 TH SEMESTER



ContentsBasic Conc!"s

Ps#c$%o&"%#

O'"(oo% Dsi)n Con(i"ionsIn(oo% Dsi)n C%i"%ia

Coo*in) Loa( P%inci!*s

Coo*in) Loa( Co&!onn"s

Ha"in) Loa(



Basic Concepts T$%&a* *oa(

T$ a&o'n" o+ $a" "$a" &'s" , a((( o%%&o( +%o& "$ s!ac "o &ain"ain "$ !%o!%"&!%a"'% in "$ s!ac

W$n "$%&a* *oa(s !'s$ con(i"ions o'"si(%o+ "$ co&+o%" %an). HVAC s#s"&s a% 's("o ,%in) "$ "$%&a* con(i"ions ,ac/ "oco&+o%" con(i"ions



PSYCHROMETRY



What is PSYCHROMETRY

The field of engineering concerned with the determination of physical and

thermodynamic properties of gas-vapor mixtures.

Study of various properties of air, method of controlling its temperature andmoisture content or humidity and its effect on various materials and human

beings.

Helps in understanding different constituents of air and how they affect each

other.



Ai% 0o%(ina%#1 2 &i3"'% o+ a%io's )ass 4 5a"%a!o% o% &ois"'%

Ai% 5i"$o'" an# 5a"% a!o% - (%# ai% 0i(a* con(i"ion.

no" !ossi,*1Co&!osi"ion o+ ai%:

Ni"%o)n 07891.

O3#)n 0;91

O"$%s 0;91 < *i/ ca%,on (io3i(. $#(%o)n. $*i'&.non. an( a%)on a*on) 5i"$ 5a"% a!o%







State

Point



Air PropertiesDry-bulb temperature.5$ic$ is 's'a**# %+%%( "oas si&!*# ai% "&!%a"'%.is "$ ai% !%o!%"# "$a" is&os" +a&i*ia% D%#-,'*,"&!%a"'%. Tdb, can ,

&as'%( 'sin) a s"an(a%("$%&o&"% o% &o%so!$is"ica"( snso%s T$is"&!%a"'% is an in(ica"o%o+ $a" con"n" an( iss$o5n a*on) "$ ,o""o&

a3is o+ "$ !s#c$%o&"%icc$a%" The vertical linesextending upward fromthis axis are constant-temperature lines.



Wet-bulbtemperature, Twb.%!%sn"s $o5 &'c$&ois"'% "$ ai% cana!o%a" T$is"&!%a"'% is o+"n&as'%( 5i"$ a

co&&on &%c'%#"$%&o&"% "$a" $as"$ ,'*, co%( 5i"$a 5a"%-&ois"n(5ic/ an( 5i"$ a /no5nai% *oci"# !assin)o% "$ 5ic/ On "$c$a%", the wet-bulblines slope a littleupward to the left,and thistemperature is readat the saturationline.



elative humidity, RH, is "$%a"io o+ "$ ac"'a* 5a"% a!o%!%ss'%. P-. "o "$ a!o% !%ss'%o+ sa"'%a"( ai% a" "$ sa&"&!%a"'%. P-s. 3!%ss( as a

!%cn"a) R*a"i $'&i(i"# is a %*a"i

&as'%. ,ca's "$ &ois"'%-$o*(in) ca!aci"# o+ ai% inc%assas ai% is 5a%&( In !%ac"ic.%*a"i $'&i(i"# in(ica"s "$&ois"'% ** o+ "$ ai% co&!a%("o "$ ai%s &ois"'%-$o*(in)

ca!aci"# elative humidity lines are

shown on the chart as curvedlines that move upward to theleft in !"# increments. T$*in %!%sn"in) sa"'%a"( ai%0RH 2 ;==91 is "$ '!!%&os"c'%( *in on "$ c$a%"



Dewpoint, Tdp, is "$

"&!%a"'% a" 5$ic$5a"% a!o% s"a%"s "ocon(ns o'" o+ ai%

"$a" is coo*in) A,o

"$is "&!%a"'%. "$&ois"'% s"a#s in "$ai%

This temperature isread by following a

hori$ontal line fromthe state-point%found earlier& tothe saturation line.



'umidity ratio, w, is "$(%#-,asis &ois"'% con"n"o+ ai% 3!%ss( as "$5i)$" o+ 5a"% a!o% !%

'ni" 5i)$" o+ (%# ai%

'umidity ratio isindicated along theright-hand axis of apsychrometric chart.



S!ci>c o*'& %!%sn"s "$ s!ac occ'!i(,# a 'ni" 5i)$" o+ (%# ai%. in +"?@*,. an( is 'a*

"o ;@ai% (nsi"# S!ci>c o*'& is s$o5n a*on)

"$ ,o""o& a3is o+ a !s#c$%o&"%ic c$a%". 5i"$cons"an"-o*'& *ins s*an"in) '!5a%( "o "$ *+"

En"$a*!#. h. is "$ &as'% o+ ai%s n%)#

con"n" !% 'ni" 5i)$" 0B"'@*,(a1 W"-,'*,

"&!%a"'% an( n"$a*!# a% %*a"( in"'i"i*#So. n"$a*!# is %a( +%o& 5$% "$ a!!%o!%ia"

5"-,'*, *in c%osss "$ (ia)ona* sca* a,o

"$ sa"'%a"ion c'%



EGEE 102 - Pisupati 16

H'&i(i"# in ai%R*a"i H'&i(i"#A &as'% o+ o+

&'c$ 5a"% is in

"$ ai% %*a"i "o"$ &a3i&'&a&o'n" ai% can$o* a" "$a""&!%a"'%



EGEE 102 - Pisupati 17http://www.ae.iastate.edu/Ast473/Lectues/!2"#!2$Ps%cho&etic'(hat/s)d024.ht&

http://www.ae.iastate.edu/Ast473/Lectures/(5)Psychrometric_Chart/sld024.htm

http://www.ae.iastate.edu/Ast473/Lectures/(5)Psychrometric_Chart/sld024.htm



(A)*+ A+T) T'ATA+T '/0A1+0T *1 T'*1T1A2

13*101T-

T'0A2 +0T



Thermal and air4ualityW$a" ac"s "$ s'%%o'n(in)s #o' *i in

Ai% 'a*i"# is ac"( ,# $o5 $o" i" is o'"si( o%insi( #o'% ni%on&n"

W$a" is $'&i(i"# an( 5$a" ac"s $'&i(i"# T$ a&o'n" o+ &ois"'% "$a" is !%sn" 5i"$in "$

ai% 5i** $a an c" on $'&i(i"#. 5$ic$ is *in/("o "$ a&o'n" o+ n"i*a"ion n"%in)

W$a" is "$ no%&a* "&!%a"'% o+ a $'&an ,in)H'&an "&!%a"'% &ain"ain an a%a) co%

"&!%a"'% o+ ?7 (!n(in) on "$ &"a,o*ic%a"



1ature of heat• W$a" is "$ &as'% o+ "&!%a"'%

• T&!%a"'% is &as'%( in ()%s c*si's

• T$ *o5% is = >3( a" a &*"in) !oin" o+ ic a" as"an( a" a"&os!$%ic !%ss'% o+ ;=;?/N@&

• T$ '!!% !oin" is ;== ()%s < "&!%a"'% o+s"a& a,o "$ ,oi*in) !oin"

• W$a" is "$ acc!"a,* a*' o+ "&!%a"'%

"a/n a" no%&a* (si)n• No%&a* (si)n "&!%a"'% a% "a/n a" ;

()%s insi( an( -; ()%s o'"si( ona%a)



Thermodynamic

temperature scale• T$is is ano"$% &as'% o+ "&!%a"'% in ()%s

*in

• = ()% c*si's2 7?;6 *in 01

• ;== ()% c*si's 2 ?;7;6 *in

• T$ 'ni" o+ "$%&o(#na&ic "&!%a"'% is "$+%ac"ion o+ "$ "$%&o(#na&ic "&!%a"'% a" "$triple point water

• 0'i*i,%i'& !oin" o+ "$ "&!%a"'% an( !%ss'%a" 5$ic$ "$% /no5n !$ass o+ s',s"anc can3is" i *i'i(. 5a"% a!o'% an( !'% ic1



5uantity of heat

Ho5 (o 5 &as'% "$ 'an"i"# o+ $a"

Ha" is &as'%( in Fo'*s 0J1 5$ic$ is a&as'% o+ 5o%/ (on

T$ %a" o+ 3!n(i"'% o+ n%)# o% (oin)5o%/ o% o+ $a" *oss is &as'%( in 5a""s0W1

; 5a"" is 2 ; Jo'* !% scon(

; W 2; J@s



'eat transferNa& "$% 5a#s $a" is "%ans+%%( +%o& on

&ass "o ano"$%. +o% ins"anc a !%son si""in)n3" "o a %a(ia"o%

Con('c"ion

Conc"ion

Ra(ia"ion



Thermal comfortIn $i)$ ac"ii"# "$ "&!%a"'% %iss an( "$

&o% $a" #o' 5i** )i o S%a* +ac"o%sin'ncs "$ ** $a" is )n%a"( 0&"a,o*ic

%a"1 inc*'(in): Yo'% s'%+ac a%a

A)

Gn(%L* o+ ac"ii"#

)

S*!in) $a" o'"!'" 7=W Li+"in) =W



T#!ica* $a" o'"!'" o+ an

a('*" &a*

Activity xample 'eat output

I&&o,i* S*!in) 7=W

Sa"( Wa"c$in) TV ;;W

Li)$" 5o%/ Oc ;=W

M(i'& 5o%/ Kac"o%# Wo%/ 6W

Ha# 5o%/ Li+"in) =W



+lothing T$ a&o'n" o+ c*o"$in) "$a" 5 5a%

)n%a**# (!n(s on "$ sason an( ac"so'% "$%&a* co&+o%"

C*o"$in) is &as'%( in a sca* ca**( c*oa*'

; c*o2 =;& @W o+ ins'*a"ion "o "$ ,o(#

T#!ica* a*'s a%# +%o& ;- c*o



T#!ica* c*o"$in) a*'s

+lo value +lothing Typical comfort

temperaturewhen sitting

= c*o S5i&5a% C

= c*o Li)$" c*o"$in) C

; c*o S'i" . F'&!% C

c*o Coa". )*os. $a" ;C



'eat losses frombuildingsCo&+o%"a,* "&!%a"'% +o% $'&ans is

!%oi(( ,# ,a*ancin) "$ $a" *os" "$%o')$con('c"ion an( n"i*a"ion "$%o')$ "$ +a,%ic

5i"$ si&i*a% $a"

O!"i&'& "&!%a"'% 5i** (!n( on&a"%ia* 's( . "#! o+ cons"%'c"ion.o%in"a"ion o+ "$ ,'i*(in) an( ()% o+3!os'% "o "$ %ain an( 5in(



Roo& "&!%a"'%sW$a" 5o'*( #o' consi(% in (si)n "o &ain"ain

"&!%a"'% in ,'i*(in)s

T$ %sis"anc o+ a &a"%ia* "o "$ !assa) o+

$a" an( "$ "$%&a* con('c"ii"# o+ "$ &a"%ia*in !assin) "$ $a" a*on) a% "$ ,asics o+'n(%s"an(in) o+ &ain"ainin) a s"a(#"&!%a"'% an( a co&+o%"a,* "$%&a* in(oo%

ni%on&n"In o%(% "o &ain"ain a co&+o%"a,* %oo&

"&!%a"'% "$ ,'i*(in) &'s" , !%oi(( 5i"$as &'c$ $a" as is *os" "$%o')$ n"i*a"ion



What will the loss of

heat in buildings dependon6Ma"%ia*s 's(

T#! o+ cons"%'c"ion

O%in"a"ion o+ "$ ,'i*(in) in %*a"ion "o "$s'n

D)% o+ 3!os'% "o %ain an( 5in(



Thermal conductivity%7& T$ a&o'n" o+ $a" *oss in on scon(

"$%o')$ ;& o+ &a"%ia*. 5$os "$ic/nss is ;&"%

T$ 'ni"s a% W@& 05a""s !% &"% *in1



8-3alues

0aterial 8 3alue

%W9m8&B%ic/5o%/ 0in"%na*@3!os(1 0;7==/)@&?1 =8

Conc%". (ns 0;==/)@&?1 ;=

Conc%". *i)$"5i)$" 0;==/)@&?1 =?8

P*as"%. (ns ==

Rn(%in) ==

Conc%" ,*oc/. &(i'&. 5i)$"0;==/)@&?1

=;

Conc%" ,*oc/. *i)$"5i)$" 06==/)@&?1 =;



Thermal resistivity %r& T$%&a* %sis"ii"# is "$ %ci!%oca* o+ "$%&a*

con('c"ii"#:

R2;@



Air movementP%o!%"is a% "s"( +o% ai%"i)$"nss

D%a')$" sa*s a% >""( "o a** o!nin)s"o %s"%ic" "$%&a* *osss

I+ 5a%&% ai% n"% a %oo& is no" &i3(5i"$ coo*% ai% "$ %oo& ,co&s $o""%na% "$ ci*in) an( co*(% a" oo% **



'umidity : 3entilation'umidity- "$ a&o'n" o+ 5a"% o% &ois"'% in"$ ai% &as'%( in )%a&s !% c',ic&"%0)@&?1

elative 'umidity or percentagesaturation

T$is "$ !%cn"a) sa"'%a"ion

Ac"'a* a&o'n" o+ 5a"% a!o'%@&a3i&'&a&o'n" o+ 5a"% a!o'% "$a" can , $*( ;==9 o+ "$ "&!%a"'%



RELATIVE HUMIDITYH'&ans a% 's( "o a %*a"i $'&i(i"# o+

,"5n = an( 6=9 G%a"% "$an "$is 5s"a%" "o (sc%i, ai% as ,in) H'&i(



HEAT LOSS DUE TO

VENTILATIONNa"'%a* n"i*a"ion *a(s "o "$ co&!*"

o*'& o+ ai% in a %oo& c$an)in) a c%"ainn'&,% o+ "i&s in on $o'%

Type of room Air changes in hr

Ha**s ;=

B(%oo&s @*o'n)s ;WCs an( ,a"$%oo&s =



HEAT LOSS DUE TO

VENTILATION T$ +%s$ ai% n"%in) "$ %oo& 5i** n( "o , $a"(

"o "$ in"%na* "&!%a"'% o+ "$ %oo& T$is isca*c'*a"( 5i"$ "$ +o%&'*a:

Vo*'& o+ %oo& 3 ai% c$an) %a" 3 o*'&"%ic s!ci>c$a" +o% ai% 3 "&!%a"'% (i%nc

T$ o*'&"%ic s!ci>c $a" +o% ai% is a!!%o3i&a"*#;?==F@&? an( is consi(%( a cons"an" in "$is +o%&'*a5$ic$ 5i** )i an ans5% in Fo'*s !% $o'%

T$is "$n $as "o , con%"( in"o 5a""s in o%(% "o>n( "$ %a" o+ $a" *oss 5$ic$ is ac$i( ,# (ii(in)"$ n'&,% o+ Fo'*s ,# "$ n'&,% o+ scon(s in on$o'%



Ha" *oss "on"i*a"ion T$is "$n $as "o , con%"( in"o 5a""s in o%(% "o >n(

"$ %a" o+ $a" *oss 5$ic$ is ac$i( ,# (ii(in) "$n'&,% o+ Fo'*s ,# "$ n'&,% o+ scon(s in on $o'%

Vo*'& o+ %oo&@,'i*(in) 3 ai% c$an)s $% 3 ;?==J 3 T&!%a"'% (i%nc @ ?6==s 2 Wa""s

I" is connin" 5$n ca%%#in) o'" $a" *oss ca*c'*a"ions"o ass'& an a%a) in"%na* "&!%a"'% o+ ;C&in's a%a) o+ -;C in 5in"% 5$ic$ )is =C(i%nc ,"5n insi( an( o'"si( "&!%a"'%s



T$o%# in"o !%ac"icCa*c'*a" "$ %a" o+ $a" *oss (' "o

n"i*a"ion +o% "$ ,'i*(in) &as'%in) & 3? in !*an an( $as a ci*in) $i)$" o+ 6&

T$ n'&,% o+ ai% c$an)s in on $o'% is;? T$ o'"si( "&!%a"'% is 6C an( "$insi( "&!%a"'% is ;C



Ca*c'*a"ionQ03?361&? 3 ;? 3 ;?==J 3 0;-61@

?6==s

=8? Wa""s



T$o%# in"o !%ac"icA (o&s"ic s&i-("ac$( (5**in) is s',Fc" "o

; c$an)s !% $o'% Ca*c'*a" "$ "o"a* $a"*oss (' "o n"i*a"ion In "$is 3a&!* 5 $a%&o( "$ ci%c'*a"ion s!ac 5$ic$ is'nin$a,i"(

Roo& Di&nsionsLo'n) is ?& 3 ?&i"c$n@(in% is =& 3 &B(%oo& ; is ?=& 3 ?=&B(%oo& is 7& 3 7&

Ba"$%oo& ? is & 3 &S"o%# $i)$" is &Ai% c$an)s +o% a** %oo&s ; !% $o'% T&!%a"'% (i%nc -;C o'"si(. ;C insi(



Ca*c'*a"ionLo'n) ? 3 ? 3 2

i"c$n = 3 3 2=

B(%oo& On ?= 3 ?= 3 2;6B(%oo& T5o 7 3 7 3 2;8;

Ba"$%oo& T$% 3 = 3 2;=

To"a* o*'& 2 ;=;&?



Ca*c'*a"ion



con(nsa"ion T$is is +o%&( 5$n $o" . $'&i( ai% &"s a co*(s'%+ac. i" con(nss on"o "$is s'%+ac +o%&in)(%o!*"s o+ 5a"% a!o'%

W$a" a% "$ c"s o+ con(nsa"ion in "$in"%na* ni%on&n"

Ca's "i&,% %o"

Enco'%a) &o'*( )%o5"$

P%o('c co*( s!o"sP%o('c $i)$ $'&i(i"#

Ca's co%%osion "o s"*5o%/

Da&!n ins'*a"ion. %('c'n) i"s c"inss



Ha" o5 "$%o')$ a

s"%'c"'%



Acc!"a,* a*'s T$ acc!"a,* a*'s o+ $a" *oss o% U-a*'sis a co&!*ica"( "o!ic an( #o' 5i** n( "o %+%"o "$ B'i*(in) %)'*a"ions Pa%" L Cons%a"ion

o+ +'* an( !o5% +o% )'i(anc on "$acc!"a,* U- a*'s

Vn"i*a"ion is *in/( "o "$ B'i*(in) R)'*a"ionPa%" L "$a" i" %s"%ic"s ai% "i)$"nss o+ &o(%ns"%'c"'% Ko%c( n"i*a"ion $as "o , !%oi((in +o%& o+ +ans in ,a"$%oo&s an( coo/in) a%as



T$%&a* con('c"ii"#

0/1 T$ a&o'n" o+ $a" *oss in on scon( "$%o')$;& o+ &a"%ia*. 5$os "$ic/nss is ; &"%

T$ 'ni"s a% W@& 05a""s !% &"% *in1

P2 /A 0T;-T1@ 3

A2 A%a2 "$ic/nss in & an( & %s!c"i*#

T;-T2 "&!%a"'% (i%nc in C o% W$ic$ can , 5%i""n as +o**o5s

W2/ 3 & 3 C@& / 2 W 3 &@0& 3 C12 W@&C o% W@&



U-Va*'sA &as'%&n" o+ "$ %a" o+ $a" *oss"$%o')$ a s"%'c"'%

T$%&a* %sis"ii"# is "$ %ci!%oca* o+ "$%&a*con('c"ii"#:

R2;@



PRINCIPLES OK AIRCOOLING



P%inci!*

EGEE 102 - Pisupati #1

A. E*pansion +a),e

. (o&pesso



A%%an)&n"




TYPES OK AIR

CONDITIONERSoom air conditioners

+entral air conditioning systems

'eat pumps vaporative coolers




Ai% Con(i"ionin)




Roo& ai% con(i"ion%Roo& ai% con(i"ion%s coo* %oo&s %a"$%"$an "$ n"i% $o&

Lss 3!nsi "o o!%a" "$an cn"%a*'ni"s T$i% cinc# is )n%a**# *o5% "$an

"$a" o+ cn"%a* ai% con(i"ion%s

Can , !*'))( in"o an# ;- o% =-a&!.;;-o*" $o's$o*( ci%c'i" "$a" is no"s$a%( 5i"$ an# o"$% &aFo% a!!*iancs

EGEE 102 - Pisupati ##






Cn"%a* Ai% con(i"ionin)Ci%c'*a" coo* ai% "$%o')$ a s#s"& o+s'!!*# an( %"'%n ('c"s S'!!*# ('c"s an(%)is"%s 0i. o!nin)s in "$ 5a**s. oo%s.

o% ci*in)s co%( ,# )%i**s1 ca%%# coo*(ai% +%o& "$ ai% con(i"ion% "o "$ $o&

T$is coo*( ai% ,co&s 5a%&% as i"ci%c'*a"s "$%o')$ "$ $o& "$n i" o5s

,ac/ "o "$ cn"%a* ai% con(i"ion% "$%o')$%"'%n ('c"s an( %)is"%s




T#!s o+ Cn"%a* ACsplit-systeman outdoor metal cabinet contains the

condenser and compressor, and an indoor

cabinet contains the evaporator Pac7agedthe evaporator, condenser, and

compressor are all located in one cabinet

EGEE 102 - Pisupati #"

2 i diti i



2arge air conditioningsystems Outside air is drawn in,

fltered and heated beoreit passes through the mainair conditioning devices.

The colored lines in thelower part o the diagramshow the changes otemperature and o watervapor concentration (notRH) as the air ows

through the sstem.

EGEE 102 - Pisupati #$



To"a* Ai% Con(i"ionin)




Va%ia,* +%s$ ai% &i3% an( ('s" an( !o**'"an">*"%a"ion

S'!!*&n"a%# $a"in) 5i"$ %a(ia"o%s in "$o'"% %oo&s an( in(ii('a* &ini $a"% an(

H'&i(i>% in "$ ai% s"%a& "o ac$ %oo&




)i$ing Air +onditioners

$o5 *a%) #o'% $o& is an( $o5 &an#5in(o5s i" $as$o5 &'c$ s$a( is on #o'% $o&s

5in(o5s. 5a**s. an( %oo+$o5 &'c$ ins'*a"ion is in #o'% $o&s

ci*in) an( 5a**s$o5 &'c$ ai% *a/s in"o #o'% $o& +%o&

"$ o'"si( an($o5 &'c$ $a" "$ occ'!an"s an(

a!!*iancs in #o'% $o& )n%a"




En%)# Cons'&!"ionAi% con(i"ion%s a% %a"( ,# "$ n'&,%o+ B%i"is$ T$%&a* Uni"s 0B"'1 o+ $a" "$#can %&o !% $o'% Ano"$% co&&on%a"in) "%& +o% ai% con(i"ionin) si is "$"on. 5$ic$ is ;.=== B"' !% $o'%

Roo& ai% con(i"ion%s %an) +%o& .==

B"' !% $o'% "o ;.=== B"' !% $o'%




En%)# Ecinc# To(a#s ,s" ai% con(i"ion%s 's ?=9 "o =9*ss n%)# "$an ;7=s

En i+ #o'% ai% con(i"ion% is on*# ;= #a%so*(. #o' &a# sa =9 "o =9 o+ #o'% coo*in)n%)# cos"s ,# %!*acin) i" 5i"$ a n5%.&o% cin" &o(*




En%)# Ecinc#Ra"in) is ,as( on $o5 &an# B"' !% $o'%a% %&o( +o% ac$ 5a"" o+ !o5% i"(%a5s

Ko% %oo& ai% con(i"ion%s. "$is cinc#%a"in) is "$ En%)# Ecinc# Ra"io. o% EER

Ko% cn"%a* ai% con(i"ion%s. i" is "$

Sasona* En%)# Ecinc# Ra"io. o% SEER

EGEE 102 - Pisupati 6#



Roo& Ai% Con(i"ion%sB'i*" a+"% Jan'a%# ;. ;=. n( $a an EERo+ 8= o% )%a"%

EER o+ a" *as" = i+ #o' *i in a &i*( c*i&a"

EER o% ;= +o% 5a%&% c*i&a"s




Cn"%a* ACNa"iona* &ini&'& s"an(a%(s +o% cn"%a* ai%con(i"ion%s %'i% a SEER o+

7 +o% sin)*-!ac/a) an(

;== +o% s!*i"-s#s"&s

Uni"s a% aai*a,* 5i"$ SEERs %ac$in) na%*#;7




En%)# Sain) M"$o(sLoca" "$ ai% con(i"ion% in a 5in(o5 o% 5a**a%a na% "$ cn"% o+ "$ %oo& an( on "$s$a(is" si( o+ "$ $o's

Mini&i ai% *a/a) ,# >""in) "$ %oo& ai%con(i"ion% sn')*# in"o i"s o!nin) an( sa*in))a!s 5i"$ a +oa& 5a"$% s"%i!!in) &a"%ia*

EGEE 102 - Pisupati 6"



Basic ConceptsP'%!os o+ HVAC *oa( s"i&a"ion

Ca*c'*a" !a/ (si)n *oa(s 0coo*in)@$a"in)1

Es"i&a" *i/*# !*an"@'i!&n" ca!aci"# o% si

P%oi( in+o +o% HVAC (si)n ) *oa( !%o>*s

Ko%& "$ ,asis +o% ,'i*(in) n%)# ana*#sis

Coo*in) *oa( is o'% &ain "a%)"

I&!o%"an" +o% 5a%& c*i&a"s X s'&&% (si)nAc" ,'i*(in) !%+o%&anc X i"s >%s" cos"



Basic ConceptsHa" "%ans+% &c$anis&

Con('c"ion

Conc"ion

Ra(ia"ion

T$%&a* !%o!%"is o+ ,'i*(in) &a"%ia*s

O%a** "$%&a* "%ans&i""anc 0U-a*'1

T$%&a* con('c"ii"# T$%&a* ca!aci"# 0s!ci>c $a"1



Basic ConceptsA ,'i*(in) s'%# 5i** $*! 's ac$i a%a*is"ic s"i&a" o+ "$%&a* *oa(sO%in"a"ion o+ "$ ,'i*(in)

Us o+ s!acsP$#sica* (i&nsions o+ s!acsCi*in) $i)$"Co*'&ns an( ,a&s

Cons"%'c"ion &a"%ia*sS'%%o'n(in) con(i"ionsWin(o5s. (oo%s. s"ai%5a#s





Basic ConceptsB'i*(in) s'%# 0con"(1

Po!* 0n'&,% o% (nsi"#. ('%a"ion o+occ'!anc#. na"'% o+ ac"ii"#1

Li)$"in) 0W@&:. "#!1A!!*iancs 05a""a). *oca"ion. 'sa)1

Vn"i*a"ion 0c%i"%ia. %'i%&n"s1

T$%&a* s"o%a) 0i+ an#1

Con"in'o's o% in"%&i""n" o!%a"ion



Outdoor Design Conditions

T$# a% 's( "o ca*c'*a" (si)n s!ac *oa(s

C*i&a"ic (si)n in+o%&a"ion

Gn%a* in+o: ) *a"i"'(. *on)i"'(. a*"i"'(.

a"& !%ss'%

O'"(oo% (si)n con(i"ionsD%i( +%o& s"a"is"ica* ana*#sis o+ 5a"$% (a"a

T#!ica* (a"a can , +o'n( in $an(,oo/s@(a"a,oo/s.

s'c$ as ASHRAE K'n(a&n"a*s Han(,oo/s




C*i&a"ic (si)n con(i"ions +%o& ASHRAEP%io's (a"a X &"$o( 0,+o% ;71 Ko% S'&&% 0J'n "o S!1 X Win"% 0Dc. Jan. K,1

Bas( on ;9. 9 X 9 nos $o'%s o+ occ'%%ncN5 &"$o( 0ASHRAE K'n(a&n"a*s ==;1: Bas( on ann'a* !%cn"i*s an( c'&'*a"i

+%'nc# o+ occ'%%nc. ) =9. ;9. 9Mo% in+o on coinci(n" con(i"ions Kin(in)s o,"ain( +%o& ASHRAE %sa%c$ !%oFc"sDa"a can , +o'n( on a %*an" CD-ROM






C*i&a"ic (si)n con(i"ions 0ASHRAE ==;1:

Ha"in) an( 5in( (si)n con(i"ionsHa"in) (%#-,'*, 0DB1 "&!

E3"%& 5in( s!(Co*(s" &on"$ 5in( s!( 0WS1 X &an coinci(n"

(%#-,'*, "&! 0MDB1

Man 5in( s!( 0MWS1 X !%ai*in) 5in( (i%c"ion

0PWD1 "o DB A%a) o+ ann'a* 3"%& &a3 X &in DB "&! X

s"an(a%( (ia"ions




C*i&a"ic (si)n con(i"ions 0ASHRAE1:

Coo*in) an( ($'&i(i>ca"ion (si)n con(i"ionsCoo*in) DB@MWB: D%#-,'*, "&! 0DB1 4 Man

coinci(n" 5"-,'*, "&! 0MWB1 Ea!o%a"ion WB@MDB: W,-,'*, "&! 0WB1 4 Man

coinci(n" (%#-,'*, "&! 0MDB1

D$'&i(i>ca"ion DP@MDB an( HR: D5-!oin" "&!0DP1 4 MDB 4 H'&i(i"# %a"io 0HR1

Man (ai*# 0(i'%na*1 %an) o+ (%#-,'*, "&!




O"$% c*i&a"ic in+o:

Join" +%'nc# o+ "&! an( $'&i(i"# Ann'a*. &on"$*# an( $o'%*# (a"a

D)%-(a#s 0coo*in)@$a"in)1 X c*i&a"icno%&a*s To c*assi+# c*i&a" c$a%ac"%is"ics

T#!ica* #a% (a"a s"s 0; #a%: 8.76= $o'%s1 Ko% n%)# ca*c'*a"ions X ana*#sis



Indoor Design Criteria

Basic (si)n !a%a&"%s: 0+o% "$%&a*co&+o%"1Ai% "&! X ai% &o&n"

T#!ica*: s'&&% -6o

C 5in"% ;-?o

C Ai% *oci"#: s'&&% = &@s 5in"% =; &@s

R*a"i $'&i(i"# S'&&%: =-=9 0!%+%%(1. ?=-6 0"o*%a,*1Win"%: -?=9 05i"$ $'&i(i>%1 no" s!ci>( 05@o

$'&i(i>%1

S a*so ASHRAE S"an(a%( -== ASHRAE co&+o%" on



Souce: ASAE Standad ##-2004



Indoor Design Criteria

In(oo% ai% 'a*i"#:Ai% con"a&inan"s ) !a%"ic'*a"s. VOC. %a(on. ,ioZ'n"s

O'"(oo% n"i*a"ion %a" !%oi(( ASHRAE S"an(a%( 6-==;

Ai% c*an*inss 0) +o% !%ocssin)1

O"$% (si)n !a%a&"%s:

So'n( **P%ss'% (i%n"ia* ,"5n "$ s!ac X

s'%%o'n(in)s 0) 4 "o !%n" in>*"%a"ion1





+2*1; 2ADP*1+*P2)



Cooling Load Principles

T%&ino*o)#:

S!ac < a o*'& 5@o a !a%"i"ion. o% a!a%"i"ion( %oo&. o% )%o'! o+ %oo&s

Roo& < an nc*os( s!ac 0a sin)* *oa(1[on < a s!ac. o% s%a* %oo&s. o% 'ni"s o+

s!ac $ain) so& so%" o+ coinci(n" *oa(s o%si&i*a% o!%a"in) c$a%ac"%is"ics

T$%&a* onin)




S!ac an( 'i!&n" *oa(sS!ac $a" )ain 0snsi,*. *a"n". "o"a*1S!ac coo*in) *oa( @ s!ac $a"in) *oa(

S!ac $a" 3"%ac"ion %a"Coo*in) coi* *oa( @ $a"in) coi* *oa(R+%i)%a"ion *oa(

Ins"an"ano's $a" )ain

Conc"i $a"Ra(ia"i $a" 0$a" a,so%!"ion1



(on,ecti,e and adiati,e heat in a conditioned space





(on,esion o heat ain into coo)in )oad




Ins"an"ano's $a" )ain s s!ac coo*in)*oa(s T$# a% NOT "$ sa&

Ec" o+ $a" s"o%a)Ni)$" s$'"(o5n !%io(HVAC is s5i"c$( o W$a" $a!!ns "o "$ s!ac

Coo*-(o5n o% 5a%&-'! !%io(

W$n HVAC s#s"& ,)ins "o o!%a"Con(i"ionin) !%io( S!ac ai% "&!%a"'% 5i"$in "$ *i&i"s



5he&a) Stoae Eect in (oo)in Load o& Lihts







C li L d P i i l




Loa( !%o>*

S$o5s "$ a%ia"ion o+ s!ac *oa(

S'c$ as -$% c#c*

W$a" +ac"o%s 5i** ac" *oa( !%o>*

Us+'* +o% o!%a"ion X n%)# ana*#sis

Pa/ *oa( an( ,*oc/ *oa(

Pa/ *oa( 2 &a3 coo*in) *oa(B*oc/ *oa( 2 s'& o+ on *oa(s a" a s!ci>c

"i&



)oc )oad and the&a) onin





Cooling Load Coponents

8 (oo)in )oad ca)cu)ations

8 5o dete&ine ,o)u&e )ow ate o ai s%ste&

8 5o sie the coi) and +A(9 euip&ent8 5o po,ide ino o ene% ca)cu)ations/ana)%sis

8 5wo cateoies:

8 E*tena) )oads8 ;ntena) )oads






8 E*tena) )oads

8 eat ain thouh e*teio wa))s and oos

8 So)a heat ain thouh enestations windows8 (onducti,e heat ain thouh enestations

8 eat ain thouh patitions 9 inteio doos

8 ;ni)tation o outdoo ai




8 ;ntena) )oads

8 Peop)e

8 E)ectic )ihts8 Euip&ent and app)iances

8 Sensi<)e 9 )atent coo)in )oads

8 (on,et instantaneous heat ain into coo)in )oad8 =hich co&ponents ha,e on)% sensi<)e )oads>



?Souce: ASAE @unda&enta)s and<oo 2001

C li L d C t




8 (oo)in coi) )oad consists o:

8 Space coo)in )oad sensi<)e 9 )atent

8 Supp)% s%ste& heat ain an B ai duct8 etun s%ste& heat ain p)enu& B an B ai duct

8 Load due to outdoo ,enti)ation ates o

,enti)ation )oad

8 ow to constuct a su&&e ai conditionin

c%c)e on a ps%cho&etic chat>



(oo)in )oad

(oo)in coi) )oad



Sche&atic diaa& o t%pica) etun ai p)enu&

C li L d C t




8 Space coo)in )oad

8 5o dete&ine supp)% ai )ow ate 9 sie o ai

s%ste&C ductsC te&ina)sC diuses

8 ;t is a co&ponent o coo)in coi) )oad

8 ;ni)tation heat ain is an instant. coo)in )oad

8 (oo)in coi) )oad

8 5o dete&ine the sie o coo)in coi) 9

eieation s%ste&

8 +enti)ation )oad is a coi) )oad

H ti L d



Heating Load

8 Desin heatin )oad

8 a*. heat ene% euied to &aintain winte

indoo desin te&p.

8 Fsua))% occus <eoe sunise on the co)dest da%s

8 ;nc)ude tans&ission )osses 9 ini)tation/,enti)ation

8 Assu&ptions:

8 A)) heatin )osses ae instantaneous heatin )oads8 So)a heat ains 9 intena) )oads usua))% not consideed

8 Latent heat oten not consideed un)ess w/ hu&idiie





Re!erencesASHRAE Han(,oo/ K'n(a&n"a*s ==;C$a!"% 6 < Vn"i*a"ion an( In>*"%a"ionC$a!"% 7 < C*i&a"ic Dsi)n In+o%&a"ion

C$a!"% 8 < Rsi(n"ia* Coo*in) an( Ha"in)Loa( Ca*c'*a"ionsC$a!"% < Non%si(n"ia* Coo*in) an(

Ha"in) Loa( Ca*c'*a"ionsC$a!"% ?= < Kns"%a"ionC$a!"% ?; < En%)# Es"i&a"ion an( Mo(*in)

M"$o(s



Re!erencesAi% Con(i"ionin) an( R+%i)%a"ionEn)in%in) 0Wan) an( No%"on. ===1

C$a!"% 6 < Loa( Ca*c'*a"ions

Han(,oo/ o+ Ai% Con(i"ionin) an(R+%i)%a"ion. n( ( 0Wan). ==;1

C$a!"% 6 < Loa( Ca*c'*a"ions

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