Hybrid PPt 3101`4

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4

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HYBRID

TECHNOLOGY AND

DIFFERENT

CONFIIGURATIONS

USE IN VEHICLES

PRESENTED BY: 31014

LAC

PERERA M M B

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


WHAT IS A HYBRID CAR

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


WHAT IS A HYBRID CAR • A hybrid car features a small fuel proficient gas enginethat combined with an electric motor that supports theengine when accelerating. The electric motor is poweredby the batteries that recharge automatically while youdrive.• Many people have not realized that they have owneda hybrid vehicle at some point. Indeed, hybridautomobiles are all around us and most of the hybrid carson the road now are gasoline-electric hybrids.

• However, the hybrid car offers drivers an innovative,modern, efficient and affordable opportunity. Therefore,after year and year the new hybrid car has become a convenient choice for the consumers.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HISTORY

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HISTORY • In 1769, the first steam powered motor carriage as built by FrenchmanMicholas Cugnot. It was capable of moving six miles per hour.

• In 1839, Robert Anderson from Scotland builds the first electric vehicle• 1899- In a merger between Pope Manufacturing Company and two smallerelectric car companies, Electric

• 1913- Steamers and electrics are almost wiped out with the invention of theself-starter which made it easier for drivers to start gas engines. Sales of electriccars drop to 6,000 and the Ford Model T sells over 182,000 gasoline cars.

• “Public Law 94-413, the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research,Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976” This law introduced by

Congress to begin work with industries to improve “batteries, motors,controllers, and other hybrid-electric components.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HYBRID CAR

PERFORMANCE

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HYBRID CAR

PERFORMANCE

• The difference between a conventional car engine and a hybrid-car engine are its engine size. Hybrid cars' enginesare much smaller than a conventional car, but it’s able to

perform almost the same performance a conventionalcar can. The efficiency in a small engine can be improvedby using smaller, lighter parts, by reducing the number of cylinders and by operating the engine closer to itsmaximum load to equal to or if not better than what most

cars uses a relatively big engine to produce enough powerto accelerate the car quickly.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HOW DOES IT WORK

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HOW DOES IT

WORK • First off, a fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and inthe process it produces electricity. Layers of materials with different electrochemical properties put together to form a single galvanic cell. In

the middle lies a membrane that can only be crossed by chargedmolecules. Gas-permeable electrodes coated with a catalyst adhere to thismembrane, adding a layer on either side.

• This buildup of negative charge then follows the path of least resistance via the external circuit to the other electrode - (the cathode). It is this flow of electrons through a circuit that creates electricity. • The latest wave of hybrid vehicles uses an electric motor coupled witha standard internal combustion gas engine.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


HYBRID CARS • Some major cities such as New York and Seattle have proposed new bills that call for the institution of hybrid taxi’s. • Hybrid vehicles alternate their power source from the electric to the gasolinefueled engines. At a stopping point, the gas power turns off and the electric turns

on. The initial propulsion of the car is electric, followed by gasoline. • In New Jersey, owners of hybrid cars are allowed to use the HOV lane even if they are the only one in the car. • Aviva auto insurance is offering a 10% discount to hybrid car owners. • Ford, General Motors, Honda, Mazda, Mercury, Nissan, PSA (Peugeot-Citröen), Renault, and Toyota all offer (or are in production) of their own hybrid

cars.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


ADVANTAGES

• Hybrids usually get between 30-50 mpg.

• Tax credit from the government

•Hybrid technology causes less wear and tear

on the engine and brakes (resulting in lessmaintenance costs)

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


DISADVANTAGES • Hybrid computer systems are not perfect (sometimes they will crash)

• Many drivers feel uncomfortable that the enginenoticeably switches from gas to electric. Still unknown

maintenance costs and average life of vehicles. Thesomewhat high initial cost of vehicle. Not much trunk space due to the large battery size.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


WHAT IS THE GOOD

IMPACT OF A HYBRID CAR • Smaller and more efficient engines • Regenerative braking, which mean the electric motor that drives the hybridcan also slow down the car. When this approach, the electric motor acts as a generator and charges the batteries while the car is slowing down. • Periodic Engine shut off, is when a hybrid car is stopped in traffic or a sudden stop, the engine will eventually shut off. Its restarts automatically whenput back into gear. • Advanced aerodynamic – to reduce drag • Low-rolling resistance tires – hybrid cars maintain narrow, stiffer tires that

have less drag. • Lightweight materials that will temporality increase the efficiency of hybridcars.

8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


8/3/2019 Hybrid PPt 3101`4


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Hybrid PPt 3101`4

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