HYBRIDIZATION

PRESENTED BY-Mohd. Ghulam Moinuddin

“Structure of Carbon and Carbon Nanoparticles”

SERL

Jamia Millia Islamia Central University India

OBJECTIVES

• HYBRIDIZATION• ATOM STUCTURE AND ATOMIC

BONDING• CHEMICAL BONDING • HYBBRIDIZED ATOMIC SUCTURES• DIFFERENT HYBRIDIZATION IN

CARBON AND IT’S ALLOTROPS

After the discussion

We will able to understand-• What is atomic configuration.

Bohr’s approach and quantum approach• Chemical bonding• Hybridization & need of its• Hybridization in Carbon atom in different

types• Carbon allotrops

Hybridization

What is Hybriidization?A hybrid occurs when two things are combined

and the result has characteristics of both.During chemical bonding, different atomic

orbital's undergo hybridization to minimize the energy level &

Increase the stability.

ATOMIC SRUCTURE

What is the smallest particle of the element gold (Au) that can still be classified as gold?

atom molecule neutron proton

e-1

Proton Neutron Electron

The Atom

Nucleus

Electron shell / Electron cloud

Electron shell & Hygenberg’s uncertainty principle

nodeBohr’s atomic model

Carbon C6

Before Carbon lets have a look

BeCl2 is linear but H2O is in bend shap-Be-2,2 has only 2 electron in valance band O-2,6 has 6 electron in valance band and 2

unpair electron to take part..

HOW…….

Geometry of moleculesVSEPR Theory-Valence shell electron pair repulsion theoryAttraction increases the stability and

repulsion decreases it.water- H2O H---O----H

Linear model

Orbital Aproch• Concept of Molecular Orbital Theory(MOT)Quantum approach of electron delocalization.

Till now we considered the electron as particle but Hygenberg said it can be only define by wave nature.

How it’s possible that any physical orbital can be immerge?

It will leave its parental properties…

Overlapping and hybridization

• Overlapping is the structural while Hybridization is energy band combination.

• Overlapping (Head-on-Head)ỽ (Side by Side)ỻ Hydrogen molecules-

Carbon • Atomic Configuration-C6 - 2,4 [He]2s22p2

The carbon atom has four valence electrons.According to bonding theory outer p orbital

has only 2 valance electron. unstable spin of

electron causes to chemical bonding

2s

2p

Is it Correct??

?

No! All 4 electron are in excited stage

Hybridization in Carbon Nano Structures (0D,1D, 2D,3D)

0D fullerene C60 1D CNT 2D Graphene

sp2

Diamond-Diamond is allotrope of carbon and it contains sp3 hybridization

sp3

Summery of hybridized orbital

Thank you……..

Special thanks to fppt.com for ppt templates.