Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS)
Update
> USTDA Workshop – Beijing, China> December 3, 2015> Presented by: Eddie Johnston, VP – Research, GTI
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Program Objective
> The mission of HFTS is to increase shale environmental safety and stimulation effectiveness.
> Includes a ground water and air monitoring program to measure environmental impact.
> This will be accomplished through the evaluation and development of new methods and technologies that reduce material and energy inputs (fewer wells drilled), greater reliability and safeguards, and reduced environmental footprint.
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HFTS Participating Companies
>US DOE/NETL –Government Sponsor
>Laredo Petroleum –Test Site Host
>Halliburton>CoreLab>Encana
>Total>Devon>Energen>Discovery Natural
Resources>GE Oil and Gas
Each participating company has a focal point that embodies the advisory team, however SME’s from each participating company drive discussions and ideas that shape the overall program
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HFTS Test Program: Research Objectives> Assess Environmental Impact (emissions and water) with respect to
Hydraulic Fracturing – multiple wells and +100 hydraulic fractures.
> Determine optimum well spacing based on fracturing efficiency. Well spacing (industry-wide) is likely too close; optimum spacing will save drilling of 1000’s of wells with tremendous positive environmental impact.
> Evaluate inter-well interference in a chevron configuration with wells spaced 660’ apart in Upper and Middle Wolfcamp formations, with diagonal offsets of 400’.
> Understand stimulated rock volume & reservoir depletion over time.
> Identify and evaluate the distribution and effectiveness of geological fracture barriers.
> Evaluate pressure front barriers created in stimulation sequence.
> Test alternative frac designs in different wells in a relatively consistent geological setting.
> Test production performance by stage/perf cluster post stimulation
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Environmental Objectives
Assess Environmental Impact (emissions and water) with respect to Hydraulic Fracturing – multiple wells and +100 hydraulic fractures.
─ Mature Producing Area─ Will Focus on HF operations ─ Baseline water – pre and post frac. (Laredo has water
data) ─ Baseline Air pre-frac; measure air during frac-baseline post
frac.
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Well Drilling DoublesFootprint Expands
“The Most Environmentally Friendly Well is the one you do not Drill”.
Onshore Well Drilling
Year
The Problem We’re Trying to Solve is an Important One
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Location
Wolfcamp FormationFocus
Approximately $100 million of data with Partner Laredo
Petroleum.
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Reagan North Production Corridor
Oil Gathering Line
Oil Gathering Station
Water Recycling Facility
Oil Takeaway Pipeline
Gas Lift Compression Facility
Gas Takeaway Pipeline
Gas Gathering Line
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Test Site Well Information
> 11 well pad currently being drilled in Reagan County
> Targeting Upper and Middle Wolfcamp, chevron configuration
> Wolfcamp depth ~7,500’
> All wells are 10,000’ laterals to be completed with 36 stage completions
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Slant Core Well Workshop and Field TripDay long workshop in Midland to go over core well details including well
trajectory, coring program, logging, and reservoir pressure monitoring systemField trip to Sugg Ranch to see operations. Real time microseismic in progress
including tracing program and proppant visual indicators.
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Field Data Acquisition Schedule
Field Data Acquisition TaskWater Sampling and MonitoringAir MonitoringOpen Hole Logs (6Sm, 6SU)Vertical Pilot -7SU (Logs, Cores, DFIT)Horizontal Well DFIT (4SU, 6SM, 6SU, 8SU)Cross Well Seismic (Across Vertical Wells) 1 2Hydraulic FracturingMicrosesimic MonitoringFracture Tracer Program (RA, oil and water)Horizontal Well Pressure MonitoringFiber Optic Coil Tubing (fracture arrivals)Production Logs (FBCT)Slant Core Well (drilling and core recovery)Reservoir Pressure Monitoring
Feb 16 Mar 16Aug 15 Sep 15 Oct 15 Nov 15 Dec 15 Jan 16
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Comprehensive Field Data Acquisition> Microseismic and tiltmeter survey
> Oil tracers/RA tracers
> Bottomhole pressure gages during production
> Production logs
> Fiber optics through coil tubing
> Vertical and horizontal OBMI logs
> Pressurized sidewall rotary cores
> Open Hole micro DFIT and horizontal well toe DFIT analysis
> High resolution cross well seismic through stimulated interval
> Full core through a stimulated interval
> Reservoir pressure measurement post completion
> Water sampling and air sampling program
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HFTS Environmental Monitoring: Status of 11/23/2015
Project Tasks that Require Water Sampling and Analysis
Task 11. Microbial Characterization Down-hole transformations that affect gas quality and facilitate
corrosion Effects on water impoundments and management
Task 12. Environmental Monitoring Groundwater Quality Produced Water Characterization (Composition and Chemistry) Air Quality
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Microbial Characterization: Background
Pathways of Interest
Effects of biofilm growth on corrosion rates
Microbially influenced corrosion impacts infrastructure integrity and safety
Organisms adapted to high pressure, temperature, salinity
Sulfate reducing organisms of high concern due to well water constituents
Transformations impacting gas quality
Acid gas production (CO2) and sulphidogenesis (H2S)
Decrease in formation permeability
Precipitation of carbonates/sulfides or biofilm growth
Microbially Influenced Corrosion
Biofilm and microbial deposits
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Environmental Water Monitoring: Background Pathways of Interest
Subsurface transport of gases to groundwater
Subsurface transport of produced water to groundwater
Transport of surface releases of produced water brines or chemicals to groundwater
Pathways of Little Relevance
Transport to streams / rivers from the site
Transport to water bodies from the site
Re: HFTS site is in a remote, arid region.
Baseline Data on Groundwater Provided by Laredo
General and inorganic constituent data (normal Texas well water)
Of interest: Sulfate levels in nearest 5 wells are at 80-260 ppm
Suchy and Newell: Kansas Geological Survey
Freshwater Aquifer
Target Oil & Gas
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Environmental Monitoring: Air Quality
Objectives
Determine degree to which emissions from the HFTS site change ambient air quality of locations that represent nearby residential areas.
Emissions from diesel engines and equipment
Industry specific emissions
HFTS Field Site
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Environmental Water Monitoring & Microbial Characterization: 5 Sample Locations
Ground Water – before (1) , during (2), after (2) hydraulic fracturing
5 Sentinel wells surrounding the 11 well test pad
Ability to detect migration of NG or produced water constituents into Edward-Trinity aquifer during or after to hydraulic fracturing activities
Impoundment Water – Weekly during hydraulic fracturing
Frac Pit 7-156 (Fresh), Frac Pit 7-197 (Fresh),
and Poseidon Tank (Treaded Produced water)
Understand on-site water management practices and
sources of microbiological populations and energy sourcesFrac Pit 7-156 (850,000 barrels fresh water)
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Environmental Water Monitoring & Microbial Characterization: 5 Sample LocationsFrac Fluids – #6SM #7SU #4SU
beginning, middle, and end of hydraulic fracturing for each well
Frac tanks – combination of water, proppant, chemicals
Detect microbial communities and chemical constituents
going down to identify potential transformations leading to corrosion / H2S
Flowback / Produced Water – #6SM #7SU #4SU Day 0, 5, 9, 14, 36, 90, 120, 365, 1.5 years
How have microbial communities changed over time, mass flow calculations for transformations down hole. Life cycle analysis for water quality.
4 horizontal cores - pressurized (2) Upper Wolfcamp (2) Middle Wolfcamp
Are there resident microbial communities before water is introduced through HF
Water Sampling
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Analytical Analysis: Ground and Produced Water
> Analytics and Data Collection General Chemistry: pH, conductance, alkalinity, Total dissolved
solids Hydrocarbons: Methane, total organic carbon, total petroleum
hydrocarbons, Oil and Grease, Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX)
Selected cations and anions: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, boron, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, sulfide, nitrate, nitrite
Metals: iron, zinc, copper, manganese, arsenic, barium, nickel, cadmium, lead, chromium
Volumes of water injected and cumulative volume of produced water generated at each of the three wells.
Metagenomic Analysis: Targeted and shotgun DNA sequencing of all bacteria and archaea present in source and Flowback water
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General Approach of Air Monitoring> Focus on constituents of concern that could be released to ambient air at increased
levels during hydraulic fracturing and production.
─ Potential sources: Engines during the completions, well pad operations, fluids management, etc.
> Direct ground-level measurements of air quality parameters
> Before - During - After Completions Phase for the HFTS horizontal wells.
> Sampling in Midland Texas for referential context and compare HFTS air quality to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected data in Dallas and Houston.
North Reagan County, Texas
Hydraulic Fracturing in Reagan Texas
Mobile air quality unitMidland, Texas
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WindDirection
WindDirection
Air QualitySampling Locations
1 Mile
ExampleHydraulic Fracturing Activity at the Center Pad
Wind Direction: From the NE
Sampling Locations (red circles) 1,000 ft. from Well Pad
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Environmental Monitoring / Air Quality>Parameters MeasuredNOx OzonePM10H2SMethane VOCBTEX
>Weather Information: Wind Speed and Direction, Temperature, Humidity, Barometric Pressure, etc.
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In Summary
>This program is the most comprehensive collaborative field experiment conducted in shale to date
>Baseline environmental measurements of this brown field development are within expected tolerances
>Project should provide comprehensive learning and correlation of well spacing optimization and environmental footprint impacts
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GTI is a company that solves important energy challenges, a company that truly has…
…“the energy to lead”
Contact information:
Kent PerryExecutive Director [email protected]
Jordan CiezobkaSenior Engineer, [email protected]
Iraj A. SalehiSenior Institute [email protected]