I Bibliography

• General bibliography

M. K. Ash (1985) On people Management, MacDonald. E. F. L. Brech (ed.) (1984) Organisations, Longman. E. de Bono (1984) Lateral Thinking for Managers, Pelican. T. Burns and G. M. Stalker (1968) The Management of Innovation, Tavistock. P.F. Drucker (1955) Management by Objectives, Prentice Hall. ---- (1993a) The Post Capitalist Society, Harper Collins. ---- (1993b) The Ecological Vision, TransAction. P. F. Drucker (1986a) Drucker on Management, Prentice Hall International. ---- (ed.) (1986b) The Practice of Management, Prentice Hall International. ---- (ed.) (1988) The Effective Executive, Fontana. ---- (ed.) (1990) Frontiers of Management, Heinemann. W. Goldsmith and D. Clutterbuck (1990) The Winning Streak, Penguin. J. H. Goldthorpe et al. (1968) The Affluent Worker, Vols. I,ll and Ill, Cambridge University

Press. J. Harvey-Jones (1990) Making it Happen, Fontana. R. M. Kanter (1985) When Giants Learn to Dance, Free Press. F. Kast and J. Rosenzweig (eds) (1985) Organisation and Management, McGraw Hill. D. R. Koontz et al. (1984) Organisations, Longman. P. A. Lawrence (1984) Management in Action, Routledge & Kegan Paul. P. A. Lawrence and K. Elliott (eds) (1988) Introducing Management, Penguin. P. A. Lawrence and R. Lee (1984) Insight into Management, OUP. R. S. Lessem (1985) The Roots of Excellence, Fontana. ---- (1987a) Intrapreneurship, Wildwood. ---- (1987b) The Global Business, Prentice Hall International. ---- (1990) Transforming Management, Prentice Hall International. T. Lupton (1984) Management and the Social Sciences, Penguin. N. Machiavelli (1986) The Prince, Penguin Classics. M. H. McCormack (1983) What They Don't Teach You at Harvard Business School,

Fontana. ---- (1989) Success Secrets, Fontana. A. Morita (1987) The Sony Story, Fontana. R. Pascale (1989) Managing on the Edge, Simon & Schuster. R. Pascale and A. Athas (1983) The Art of Japanese Management, Fontana. L. J. Peter (1970) The Peter Principle, Penguin. T. Peters (1989) Thriving on Chaos, Macmillan. ---- (1992) Liberation Management, Macmillan. T. Peters and N. Austin (1985) A Passion for Excellence, Collins. T. Peters and R. Waterman (1982) In Search of Excellence, Harper & Row. A. Roddick (1992) Body and Soul: The Body Shop Story, Ebury. L. F. Urwick (1947) Elements of Administration, Pitman. J. Woodward (1970) Industrial Organisation: Behaviour and Control, OUP.

381

382 Bibliography

• Strategy

H. I. Ansoff (ed.) (1985) Business Strategy, Penguin. R. Buchholz (1982) Business Environment and Public Policy, Prentice Hall International. C. R. Christensen et al. (1987) Business Policy: Text and Cases, Irwin. E. F. Johnson and K. Scholes (1993) Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall. M. E. Porter (ed.) (1990a) Competitive Strategy, Macmillan. M. E. Porter (ed.) (1990b) Competitive Advantage, Macmillan. ]. L. Thompson (1990) Strategic Management, Chapman & Hall.

• Behaviour of organisations

J. H. Adair (1975) Leadership, Cambridge University Press. R. M. Belbin (1986) Superteams, Prentice Hall. E. H. Berne (1984) Games People Play, Penguin. D. Biddle and R. Evenden (1989) Human Aspects of Management, IPM. D. Buchanan and A. Huczynski (1985) Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall. D. Cartwright (ed.) (1959) Studies in Social Power, University of Michigan. D. Drennan (1992) Transforming Company Culture, McGraw-Hill. A. Etzioni (1964) Power in Organisations, Free Press. J. French and B. Raven (1959) 'The Bases of Social Power', in D. Cartwright (ed.), Studies in

Social Power, University of Michigan. C. B. Handy (ed.) (1990) Understanding Organisations, Penguin. C. B. Handy (1984) The Future of Work, Penguin. P. Harris and R. Moran (1991) Managing Cultural Differences, Gulf. J. Henry (ed.) (1992) Creative Management, Open University. G. Hofstede, (1980) Cultures Consequences, McGraw-Hill. J. Kenney and R. Reid (ed.) (1992) Training Interventions, IPM. R. S. Lessem (1989) Managing Corporate Culture, Gower. A. Maslow (1960) Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row. A. Mumford (1989) Management Development, IPM. H. Owen (1985) Myth Transformation and Change, Collins. M. Pedler,]. Burgoyne and T. Boydell (1991) The Learning Company, McGraw-Hill. M. Reddy (1991) The Managers' Guide to Counselling, Methuen. B. Taylor and G. Lippett (1984) Management Development and Training Handbook,

McGraw-Hill. P. Warr (ed.) (1987) Psychology at Work, Penguin. A. Williams and P. Dobson (1991) Changing Culture, IPM.

• Management of organisations

K. Back and K. Back (1982) Assertiveness at Work, McGraw-Hill. R. Blake and J. Mouton (1986) The New Managerial Grid, Gulf. C. B. Handy (ed.) (1990) The Gods of Management, Penguin. C. B. Handy et al. (1981) Making Managers, Penguin. D. Katz and R. L. Kahn (1978) The Social Psychology of Organisations, Wiley. W. D. Rees (1990) The Skills of Management, Routledge. W. Reddin (1970) Managerial Effectiveness, McGraw-Hill. E. F. Schumacher (1986) Small is Beautiful, OUP.

Bibliography 383

R. Tannenbaum and W. Schmidt (1958) How to Choose a Leadership Pattern, Harvard Business Review.

M. Trevor (1992) Toshiba's New British Company, Policy Studies Institute.

• Marketing management

M. Baker (1992a) The Marketing Book, Institute of Marketing. --- (1992b) Marketing, Macmillan. V. Buell (1990) Marketing Management, McGraw-Hill. E. Clark (1988) The Want Makers, Hodder &: Stoughton. W. Cohen (1986) The Practice of Marketing Management, Macmillan. J. French (1992) Principles and Practices of Marketing, Pitman. W. Keegan (1990) Global Marketing Management, Prentice Hall International. V. Packard (1960) The Hidden Persuaders, Penguin.

• Human resource and industrial relations management

A. Ferner and R. Hyman (eds) (1992) Industrial Relations in the New Europe, Blackwell. S. Kessler and F. Bayliss (1992) Contemporary British Industrial Relations, Macmillan. B. Livy (1989) Corporate Personnel Management, Pitman. A. Rodger (1958) The Seven Point Plan, National Institute of Industrial Psychology. M. Salamon (1992) Industrial Relations, Prentice Hall International. G. Salomon (1992) Human Resource Strategies, Open University. K. Sisson (1991) (ed.) Personnel Management in Britain, Blackwell. D. Torrington and L. Hall (1992) Personnel Management: A New Approach, Prentice Hall

International. D. Walton and A. McKersie (1965) A Behavioural Theory of Labour Negotiations, McGraw­

Hill.

• Operations management

E. Adam and R. Ebert (1990) Production and Operations Management, Prentice Hall International.

M. Bresnen (1990) Organising Construction, Routledge. K. B. Clark and T. Fujimoto (1991) Product Development and Performance, Harvard. D. Cleland and W. King (1988) Project Management, Van Nostrand Reinhold. M. Cuming (1984) Managers' Guide to Quantitative Methods, ELM. G. Davis and M. Olsen (1985) Management Information Systems, McGraw-Hill. E. Gummesson (1991) Qualitative Methods in Management Research, Sage. J. Heizer and B. Render (1991) Production and Operations Management, Allyn. R. Layard (ed.) (1980) Cost Benefit Analysis, Penguin. K. Lockyer (1992) Quantitative Production Management, Pitman. L. Long (1990) Management Information Systems, Prentice Hall. J. J. O'Neil (1989) Management of Industrial and Construction Projects, Heinemann. J. Van Horne (1990) Financial Management and Policy, Prentice Hall International. G. Welsh et al. (1984) Budgeting: Profit Planning and Control, Prentice Hall International. M. E. Wright (1980) Financial Management, McGraw-Hill.

I Index

absenteeism 27, 60, 347 access, equality of 248 accuracy of data 301-3, 305 achievement, motivation and 59 'acid test' 315 acquisitions 136, 137 action centred leadership 33, 34 active communication 92 active listening 97 activist learning style 116 activity, levels of 271-3 Adair, John 34 adaptation

Japanese management 370 perception 89-901

added value 317 adjustment, organisational 108 Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration

Service (ACAS) 215, 242-4 affluent worker studies 14-15, 68 Africa 353-4 AIDS 209, 210, 297 airline tickets 172 Akers, John 45 alcohol 209, 210 American Express 45 Ansoff, H.I. 18-19 applications, job 200 appointments 204

see also recruitment; selection appraisal, performance see performance

appraisal approximation 305 arbitration 243-4

pendulum 229-30 recourse to 227-8

Argyris, Chris 59 army 215 Ash, Mary Kay 150 Asian manufacturing bloc 353, 354 assertiveness 33Q-40 assessment centres 203 assessment criteria 142-4 assets/liabilities ratio 315

attitudes change 355-6 managerial performance 326-7

attitudinal structuring 223 authority 39

categories of 41 autocratic leadership/management 32, 38 autonomous business units 361-2 AZT 297

Bacardi 175 balance sheet 31Q-12 ballots 260 Bamforth, G. 24 bar charts 301, 302 bargaining see collective bargaining Barker, A. 99 barriers to change 356-7

counselling and support 357-8 batch production 277-8 BBC 337 behaviour analysis 188 Belbin, R.M. 68-9, 69 beliefs 355-6 benefits, product 168 benevolent authoritative management

system 51 benevolent autocrats 39 Berne, Eric 98-100 'best fit' leadership theories 33-4 Bethlehem Steel Works, USA 12 bias 306-7 Blake, R. 39, 4D-1 Blake, William 10 BNFL Nuclear Reprocessing Plant,

Cumbria 149 body movement 95 Body Shop 150, 191, 353 Bourneville 10 branding 168 Branson, Richard 330 break even 314 Brech, E.F .L. 1 British Airways 45, 139, 160, 296

384

Brooke Bond 177 Brown, John 46 Brown v. Stockton-on-Tees Borough

Council 257 budgets 318-19 bunker mentality 61 bureaucracy 9-10 Burns, T. 22-4 business policy 18-19, 129-31, 272

see also strategy business schools 373 business sphere 375-80

changing nature of services 378-80 concern for environment 377-8 investment 375-7

business strategy see strategy butter 161 buyer groups 163-4

Cadbury 10, 207 Caesars 7 Canon 132 captivity, market 159 Carnegie, Dale 13-14 Cartwright, D. 41 catalyst for change 355 census 307 Ceramics Industry Training Board 334 chairing meetings 339 change 29,352-80

attitudes, values and beliefs 355-6 barriers to 356-8 business sphere 375-80 cultural 358-9 future of management 373-5 global environment 353-4 management of 354-5 staff management 362-5 structural 359-62 working with 365-72; Japanese

management 368-72; quality 365-7; quality circles 367-8

change agent 355 Channel Tunnel 144, 151, 180, 296, 377

project management 297-8 charismatic authority/leadership 35, 41 Charlemagne, Emperor 7 Chief Executive (CE) 43-7 Christensen, C.R. 43, 141, 148, 165 citizenship, corporate 149-50, 179-80 Clark, Eric 174, 177 closed shops 247, 260-1

Clutterbuck, David 5, 28 coal mining 219 Coca Cola 167, 175 'codes' 97

Index 385

codes of practice, ACAS 243 coercive power 42 cohesion 62-3 collective bargaining 221-6

framework 222-5 objectives 225 process 222, 223, 224

Columbia Pictures 137 committees 106 communication 74, 88-101

perception 88-91 process 91-101; active 92; distortion of

message 92; listening 97; neuro­linguistic programming 101; non­verbal 94-6; one way 91; oral 93; passive 91; strategic 92-3; transactional analysis 97-100; use of language 96-7; written 93-4

communist bloc, former 353, 354 Communist Manifesto 9 competencies training 123 competition

elemental forces of 147, 165 market environment 159-66 unhealthy internal 350

competitor analysis 147-8 complex man 58 compromisers 38 conciliation 243 Concorde 289 Confederation of British Industry

(CBI) 215, 217 confidence, role 72 conflict 218

organisational 47-9 role 71-2 workplace 220-1

conformity 72-3, 370 industrial relations 214, 218, 226-7

consensus 214, 218 constructive dismissal 259 constructs, personal 90-1 consultation 106-7, 109-10, 111

employment law 259-60 consultative leadership 32 consultative management system 51 contingency theories of leadership 33 continued improvement 366 continuous professional development

(CPD) 4, 117-18, 374-5

386 Index

contracts, employment 25()-4 breaches 253 fixed term 249-50 implied terms 251-2 procedures 253-4

control/coordination systems 285 control mechanisms 333-5, 336 core activities 132 core/peripheral workforce 17-18 corporate citizenship 149-50, 179-80 cost-benefit analysis 319-20 Co-Steel Sheerness plc 60, 266 costs 313

apportionment 313-14 selling 315

counselling 357-8 creativity 278-80 crisis management 85, 272 critical path 310 criticism 338

positive 14 culture, organisational 27, 74, 75-84

archetypes 79-83; people/person culture 80-1; power culture 79-80; role culture 81-3; task culture 81, 82

change 358-9 design 83-4 social characteristics 83

customer liaison 290 customer satisfaction 366, 369 customers, dealing with 149

data accuracy of 301-3, 305 financial 310-12 management information systems 321 presentation of 301, 302 primary and secondary 299 sources of 300-1 uses of 300

deadlines, meeting 281 debtors/creditors ratio 315 decision-making 74, 101-10

committees 106 factors affecting 104-8 Japanese management 369 model 101-4, 105 participation and consultation 106-7,

109-10, 111 decision tree 105 declining markets 159 delegation 331-3 democratic leadership 32

departmental manager's role 325--6 developers 38-9 development

employee see employee development organisation 74, 118-20, 121-2, 123-4

development analysis 188 differentiation 138, 161-2 Disabled Resettlement Office (DRO) 246 disability 246, 249 disbanding 65--6 discipline 341-3, 344 discrimination restrictions 244-7 dismissal 254-9, 343

appeal 258-9 constructive 258 redundancy 259 representation 258 summary 254, 258 unfair 255, 255-7

Display Screen Equipment Regulations 264 distance learning 123 distortion of message 92 distribution 268

networks 177 distributive bargaining 223 diversification 137, 138 divine right of kings 8 Dobson, Paul 359 Donovan Commission Report 216 drink 175 Drucker, Peter F. 183, 329 drugs 210 durability, product 167

eco-political change 29, 352 eco-socio-political groups 107-8 ego states 98-9 Electrical Electronic Telecommunications

and Plumbing Union (EETPU) 230, 235-40

effective bureaucrats 38 emergencies, managing 284-5 emergency services 215 empathy 13 employee development 74, 110-18, 371

continuous professional development 117-18

development analysis 188 learning curve 117 learning style 116-17 methods and techniques 123-4 performance appraisal 114-15 strategies 112-14

employees employment contract 252, 253 industrial relations 215-17; behavioural

theories 223; expectations 225-6; organisations and 218-19; workforce management 221

potential and prosecution 259 prosecution of employers 259 single status concept 231, 371 staff planning 185-8, 269 as stakeholders 363 see also human resource management

employers employment contract 251-2, 253 industrial relations 217-18 prosecution of employees 259

Employment Act (1987) 247 Employment Appeal Tribunal

(EAT) 255-6, 257 employment law 241-66

ACAS 242-4 consultation 259-60 contract of employment 250-4 dismissal 255-9 equality of opportunity 244-50, 266 health and safety 262-4, 266 industrial relations 26(}.-2, 266

employment patterns, flexible 209-11, 362 employment protection 253 Employment Protection Act (1975) 242,266 empowerment 196 Engels, Friedrich 9 entry barriers 159-60 environment

changing global 3-4, 353-4 competitive 159-66 concern for natural 377-8 organisation and 77

equality of opportunity 244-50, 266 discrimination restrictions 244-7 equality of access 248 equality of treatment 248-9 fixed term contracts 249-50 human resource management 19(}.-2 job training 249 quotas 249

esteem needs 53, 54 ethics 148-52 ethnic origin/race 245-6 Etzioni, Amitai 42 Europe, trade unions in 233 European Community (EC) 241-2,250 Eurotunnel 180, 296

see also Channel Tunnel

Index 387

excellence 24-9, 366 executive management style 39 exercises, selection 201 exclusivity 65 exit barriers 160 expanding markets 159 expectancy 58-9 expectational change 29, 352 expectations, employee 225-6 expert power 41 expertise

future of management 373-5, 379-80 and leadership 35-6

exploitative authoritative management system 51

F International 46-7 facilities 269-70 Fayol, Henri 1, 1(}.-11 Fiat 168 finance 31(}.-15

break even 314 costs 313-14 financial data 31(}.-12 financial resources and control 312-13 human asset valuation 315 and strategy 312

fitting the job to the person: fitting the person to the job (FJP-FPJ) 188-90

fixed costs 313 fixed term contracts 249-50 flexible employment patterns 209-11, 364 flexible workforce 231-2 flow production 277 focus strategy 139 food processing 196 Ford Motor Company 168, 169, 276 formal bargaining systems 225 formal groups 63 forming (groups) 64 Frankish Kingdom 7 French, J. 41

gambara 368 games, communication 98-9 gender/sex discrimination 244-5 General Motors 45, 168 Genuine Occupational Qualifications

(GOC) 245, 246 glamour 162 global environment 3-4, 353-4 goal-setting 327-9 Gold Blend coffee 162, 177 Goldsmith, Walter 5, 28

388 Index

good value 162-3 government

direction and decision-making 107 industrial relations 214-15

graphs 301, 302 grievances 341, 34~ groups 31,61-70

archetype team members 68-9, 69 components and composition 66-8 process 6+-6 research in workings of 68-70 socio-technical systems 24 at work 62-4

growth-share model 171 growth strategies 136

halo effects 89 Handy, Charles B. 17-18, 28 hard line 328 Harvey-Jones, John 5 Hawthorne Studies 12-13, 68, 196-7 health care

NHS see National Health Service occupational 208-9, 210 promotions 174 sector 130

health and safety legislation 262-4, 266 managerial performance 346-7 operations management 274-5

Health and Safety Executive 215 'Herald of Free Enterprise' 44, 149 Herzberg, Frederick 56-7 Heywood v. Cammell Laird 257 high performance groups 61 HIV 209,210,297 Holmes v. Home Office 257 Honey, Peter 116 hours of work 250-1 human asset valuation 315, 316, 363 human relations school 12-13, 207 human resource management

(HRM) 183-212 change 362-5 corporate aspects 184-5 equal opportunities 190-2 fitting the job to the person: fitting the

person to the job 188-90 induction 205 job and work analysis 195-9 levels of activity 184 maintenance factors 207-11; flexible

employment patterns 209-11, 362;

job design 207-8; occupational health 208-9

payment/reward systems 192-5, 362-3 performance appraisal 206-7 project management 292-3 recruitment and selection 199-205 staff planning 185-8

hygiene factors 56-7

IBM 25, 45, 132 identity 173-5, 371 image 161-2, 173-5 implementation of decisions 104 implicit personality theory 89 index numbers 303-5 individuals 31, 70-3

conformity 72-3 role ambiguity 71, 72 role confidence 72 role conflict 71-2 roles 70-1

induction 205 industrial action 261-2 industrial relations (IR) 213-40

arbitration 227-8 behavioural theories 223 change and 363-5 collective bargaining 221-6 conformism 226-7 flexible workforce 231-2 framework 214-18 legislation 260-2, 266 multi-unionism 226 procedures 232-3 single status concept 231, 371 single union agreement 228-32, 235-40 strategies 149, 218-21 without unions 230-1

industrial revolution 8 Industrial Society 337 industrial tribunals 242, 255-7 industry structure analysis 147 informal groups 63 informal networks 64 information

gathering for decision-making 102-4 management information systems 321-3 see also data; statistics

innovation 271-2, 278-80 see also research and development

Institute of Personnel Management (IPM) 114

integrative bargaining 223 internal marketing 166, 318

internal politics 347-50 internal promotion 175 internalisation 73 International Management Group

(IMG) 132, 214, 330 interpersonal skills 338-41 interviews 202

panel 203 intrapreneurs 15-16

Japanese management 353, 365, 368-72 approaches to success 370--1 foundations for the future 371-2 industrial relations 217; single union

agreement 228 investment 375-6 workforce 'design' 269 see also under individual companies

job analysis 195-7 job applications 200

see also recruitment; selection job descriptions 197 job design 207-8 job evaluation 197-8 job titles 70, 71 jobbing production 276 joint ventures 294, 295, 296

Kahn, R.L. 86 Kanter, Rosabeth Moss 5, 28 Katz, D. 86 Kent County Council 217 King, Lord 45 kings, divine right of 8 Kingsley, Charles 10 knowledge, situational 35-6

see also expertise

La Porte Chemicals 14, 68 Laker Airways 160 language, use of 96-7 last in, first out (LIFO) 259 Lawrence, P.A. 21, 23 leadership 31, 31-47

archetype organisation managers 36-9 charisma 35 chief executive 43-7 early studies 7-8 power 39-42 qualities 42-3; and morality 150--2 situational knowledge and

expertise 35-6 styles 32, 33 theories of 33-4

Index 389

leadership functions model 33, 34 leading by example 330 learning curve 117 learning style 116-17 legal constraints

competition 160--1 decision-making 107

legal-rational authority 41 legitimate power 42 leisure wear sectors 157 Lessem, Ronnie 5 levels of activity 271-3 Lewis, C.S. 16 Likert, Rensis 50--3 listening 98 local government 214, 367 location

marketing mix 177-8 operations management 267-9

London Orbital Motorway Project (M25) 289

long term 370--1 luxury goods 162 lycra 167

Maastricht Treaty 241-2 Machiavelli, Niccolo 8, 349 maintenance management 85, 284-5 man, classification of 57-8 management

background to 1-2 definitions of 1 early studies 7-8 as field of study 4 future of 373-5 professionalisation of 2-4,373-5,379-80 research/literature 4-6

Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 263-4

management information systems 321-3 management principles 10--11 management styles 348

grid 39, 40--1 Likert 51 and organisation structure and

culture 79 3-D theory 36-9

managerial performance 324-51 assessment 345-6 attitudes and values 326-7 continuous improvement 351 control 333-5 delegation 331-3 depanmental manager's role 325-6

390 Index

managerial performance (cont.) discipline and grievance 341-4 evaluating 324-5 goal-setting 327-9 health and safety 346--7 interpersonal skills 338-41 managing by walking about 330-1 negotiation 344-5 realpolitik 347-50 sickness 347 time 335-8 wait a minute 333, 334

managers abilities/skills needed 2-3 archetypal 36--9 departmental 325-6 personal qualities required 3 project 291 situational knowledge and

expertise 35-6 see also managerial performance

managing by ringing around (MBRA) 330 managing by walking about

(MBW A) 330-1 Manual Handling Operations

Regulations 264 mapping, personal 90-1 marginal cost 313 market domination strategy 139 marketing 155-82

competitive environment 159-66 corporate citizenship 179-80 internal 166, 318 process 155-6 public relations 180-1 research and development 179 segmentation 158 strategies 156--8

marketing mix 166--79 place 176--8 price 169-73 product 167-9 promotion 173-6 varying 178-9

Marks & Spencer 25, 168, 172 Marxism 9 Maslow, Abraham 53-5 mass production 196, 276--7 'mass' structure 81 Martel, Charles 7 Matsushita, Konosuke 372 Matsushita 137, 372 Mayo, Elton 12-13 MCA 137

McCormack, Mark 132, 150, 330 McDonald's 130, 132, 167, 214 McGregor, Douglas 55 McKersie, A. 223 McKinsey 24-5 mechanistic organisations 22-4 mediation 243 meetings, conducting 339 mentoring 124 merit pay 195

see also performance related pay Midland Bank 250 ministers, choice of 349 missionaries 38 money, motivation and 59-60 morality 148-52 motivation 31, 49-60

and achievement 59 groups 66--7 importance of 60 and money 59-60 theories 50-9; expectancy 58-9;

Herzberg 56--7; Likert 50-3; Maslow 53-5; Schein 57-8; Theory X and Theory Y 55

motivators 56--7 Mouton, J. 39,40-1 M25 289 multi-stage sampling 306 multi-unionism 226 mythology, perception and 89

National Health Service (NHS) 130, 214 reforms 133, 367; business units 29,

352 needs, hierarchy of 53-5 negative decisions 106 negotiation 344-5 nemawashi 369 Nescafe Gold Blend 162, 177 net structure 81, 82 network analysis 308-10 networks, informal 64 neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) 100-1 Nike 334 99p syndrome 172 Nissan 62, 132, 269, 371 non-verbal communication (NVC) 94-6 normative power 42 norming (groups) 64, 65 notice periods 252 nursing profession 226

objectives 327-9

occupational health 208-9, 210 offenders, rehabilitation of 247 one way communication 91 open learning 123 operations management 267-98

coordination/control systems 285 creativity and innovation 278-80 facilities 269-70 levels of activity 271-3 location 2674;9 maintenance 284-5 production types and categories 276-8 project management see project

management purchasing and supplies 282--4 reliability 273-5 schedules and timetables 280-2 work design and measurement 270-1

opportunities equal see equality of opportunity SWOT analysis 145-f'J

oral communication 93 organic/organismic organisations 22--4 organisations 74-124

adjustment 108 age and history 75-f'J approach to marketing 164-5 communication see communication conflict in 47-9 culture see culture decision-making see decision-making definitions 1 development 74, 118-20, 121-2, 123--4;

see also employee development excellence 23-8 Handy's studies 17-18 mechanistic and

organic/organismic 22--4 permanence of 9-10 purpose 77-8,360 size 76 socio-technical systems 24 staff and industrial relations 218-19 structure 74, 75-84; archetypes 79-83;

design 83--4; social characteristics 83; structural change 3594;2

systems 74, 84-7 and technology 19-22

ourward bound training 124 over-mighty subjects 349 Oxo gravy 177

P & 0 Ferries 151-2

packaging 168 Pan Am 160 panel interviews 203 participation 106-7

see also consultation

Index 391

participative leadership/management 32, 33,51

passive communication 91 payment/reward systems 192-5

components of 193-5 performance and 362-3

pendulum arbitration 229-30 people/person culture 80-1 perception 88-91 performance, managerial see managerial

performance performance appraisal 114-15

human resource management 206-7 managerial 345-f'J

performance indicators 279 performance related pay (PRP) 192, 194,

195,362-3 performing (groups) 64, 65 peripheral activities 133 peripheral workforce 17-18 permanence of organisations 9-10 person specification 198-9 personal mapping/constructs 90-1 Personal Protective Equipment at Work

Regulations 264 personal values 77, 78 PEST (STEP) analysis 146 Peter Principle 16-17 Peters, Tom 5, 6

definition of management 1 excellence 26, 27-8, 28 groups 69-70 'learning to love change' 355

PG Tips 177 Phelps, Mary 334 physical power 41 physiological needs 53, 54 picketing 262 pictograms 301, 302 pie charts 301, 302 pioneering 272-3 place 166, 176-8

see also location planned maintenance 284-5 planning, staff 185-8

recruitment 187 succession 188

pluralism 214, 218 police 215

392 Index

policy business 18-19, 129-31; activities 272;

see also strategy public 126-8

politics, internal 347-50 Polkey v. AE Dayton Ltd 257 Porter, Michael E. 19, 20, 147 positional communication 95 positive criticism 14 'post it' pad 142, 175 power 39-42

categories of 41-2 resources 42

power culture 79-80 pragmatic learning style 116 praise 338 pregnancy 245 price 166

advantage (good value) 162 leadership strategy 137-8 marketing mix 166, 169-73

Price v. The Civil Service Commissioners 244-5, 257

primary data 299 privatisation 378 probability 305 problem definition 102, 103 problem-solving model 325 process determination 102, 103 process production 277 product 166, 167-68 product life cycle 168-9, 170 product portfolio model 171 production types and categories 276-8 professional staff 219 professionalisation of management 2-4,

373-5,379-80 profit apportionment 314 profit and loss account 311-12 profit ratio 315 profit related pay 194 profitability 376--7 project management 285-98

benefits of approach 294 customer liaison 290 environmental and situational

factors 287-8 human resource management 292-3 inception 290 measures of success and failure 286 problems during project 291-2 project assessment 290-1 project manager 291 project monitoring 293

terms of reference and constraints 288-90

promotion of products 166, 173-6, 177 promotion of staff 16-17 props 95-6 protection, employment 253 public interest 107 public policy 126-8 public relations (PR) 18G-1 public services 132, 361-2, 367

see also National Health Service; services public utilities 378 Pugh, D.S. 1 purchasing 282-4 purpose, organisation 77-8, 360 purpose groups 63 pyramid structure 82, 83

Quaker foundations 10 qualifications 113, 114, 373-4 quality

management concept 365-7 product 167

quality circles 367-8 quantitative methods 299-323

budgets 318-19 cost-benefit analysis 319-20 finance 31G-15 internal markets 318 management information systems 321-3 network analysis 308-10 ratio analysis 315-17 statistics 299-308

questionnaires 307-8 'quick ratio' 315 quotas

employment and discrimination 249 sampling 306

race/ethnic origin 245-6 radical perspective on industrial

relations 214 Radion 176 random sampling 306 ratio analysis 315-17 rational economic man 57 Raven, B. 41 razor, legend of 171 realpolitik 347-50 Reckitt & Coleman 176 recruitment

planning 187 strategy 199-200 see also selection

Reddin, W. 36-9 redundancy 259 references 252-3 referent power 42 reflective learning style 116 regeneration 65 rehabilitation of offenders 247 relaxed bureaucrats 38 reliability

operations management 27.3--4 statistics 306-7

remunerative power 42 Renault 168 representation 258 research and development

marketing 179 operations management 271, 279-80

resources, financial 312-13 allocation 318

retirement 245 retrenchment 136 return on capital employed (ROCE) 315,

317 reward power 41 reward systems see payment/reward

systems right to strike/work 261 ringi 369 ringing around, managing by 330 risk

decision-making 105-6 strategy and 133-5

rivalry 163 see also competition

Robinson, James 45 Roddick, Anita 150 Rodger, Alec 198-9 role ambiguity/uncertainty 71, 72 role confidence 72 role conflict 71-2 role culture 81-3 role plays 124 rounding 305 Rover 400 cars 162 Royal Commission on Trade Unions and

Employers' Associations (Donovan Commission) 216

safety needs 53,54 workplace 262-3; see also health and

safety Sainsbury's 25 salaries see payment/reward systems

sampling 306 Sanyo (UK) Ltd 60

Index 393

single union agreement 230, 235-40 scent sector 162 schedules 28G-2 Schein, Edgar 57-8 Schmidt, W. 110, 111 scientific management 11-12, 276 Scott, D. 328 secondary data 299 secondments 123 security

management information systems 322 needs 53,54

segmentation 158 selection 20G-5

reviewing selection process 204-5 shortlisting and appointment 204 techniques 20G-3 see also recruitment

self-actualisation needs 53-5 self-actualising man 58 self-fulfilling prophecy 89 selling costs 315 services

changing nature of 378-80 public 132, 361-2, 367; see also National

Health Service settings 95-6 Seven Point Plan 198, 199 7-S model 25, 26 sex/gender discrimination 244-5 shadow organisation 65 'Shamrock' organisation 18 shared values 78-9, 131 Sheerness Steel plc 60, 268 Shirley, Stephanie (Steve) 46-7 shopping malls 178 shortlisting 204 sickness 347 Simon, H. 1 single union agreement 228-32, 235-40 single workplace status 231, 371 situational knowledge 35-6 Skefco Engineering 14, 68 skills

match/mismatch 187 updates 124

smoking 209, 210 soap powder 176 social change 29, 352 social man 57 social needs 53, 54 social segmentation 158

394 Index

social-technical-economic-political (STEP) analysis 146

socio-technical systems 24 Sony Corporation 132, 137

empowerment 196 Walkman 273

sourcing 283 specialisation 360 Sperry Corporation 97 spin-offs 144 spotlight, parable of 349 staff see employees staff development see employee

development staff management see human resource

management staff planning 185-8, 269 stagnant markets 159 stakeholders, staff as 363 Stalker, G.M. 22-4 standards of behaviour/activity 149 static markets 159 statistics 299-308

accuracy 301-3; and approximation 305

census 307 index numbers 303-5 presentation of data 301, 302 primary and secondary data 299 probability 305 questionnaires 307-8 rounding 305 sampling 306 sources of data 300-1 time lag 305 uses of data 300 validity, reliability and bias 306-7

steady-state activities 271 Stempel, Robert 45 STEP (social-technical-economic-political)

analysis 146 stereotyping 89 Stevens, John 334 stores 283-4 storming (groups) 64 storylining 177 strategic communication 92-3 strategy 18-19, 125-54

core and peripheral activities 132-3 development of 128-9 ethics and morality 148-52 evaluation 139-40, 142-4 finance and 312 human resource management 184-5

implementation 140-2 internal strategies and policies 129-31 marketing 156-8 planning process 128 public policy 126-8 ready-reckoner strategic analyses 144-8 risk 133-5 social and political considerations 153 source and development 127 types of 135-9 vision 131-2

stratified sampling 306 strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

(SWOT) analysis 145-6 stress 208 strikes 261-2

right to strike 261 structure, organisational see organisations style theories of leadership 32, 33 subordinates, delegation and 331-3 succession planning 188 Suetonius 7 Sugar, Alan 150 summary dismissal 254, 258 Sunday working 250-1 supermarkets 178 supplier groups 164 supplies 282-4 support, counselling and 357-8 support systems 84-5 Swift v. British Rail 257 SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities, threats) 145-6 synergy 62, 63 System 4 50-3 systems, organisational 74, 84-7

tabulation 301, 302 Tannenbaum, R. 110, 111 task culture 81, 82 Tavistock Institute of Human Relations 24 Taylor, Frederick Winslow 11-12, 276 teaching profession 226 teams see groups technological change 29, 352 technology

management information systems 322 organisational structure and

culture 76-7 organisations, management and 19-22

temple structure 82, 83 tests, selection 201 Thatcher, Margaret 45 theorist learning style 116

Theory X and Theory Y 55 threats (SWOT analysis) 145-6 3-D theory 36--9 3M company 25, 142, 175 time lag 305 time off work 251 time usage 335-8 timescale 102, 103 timetables 28Q-2 tobacco 209, 210 touch 95 Townsend Thoresen 151 Toyota 168, 269 Trade Union Ombudsman 215, 247 trade unions

employment law: discrimination on membership or refusal to join 247; dues and levies 261; membership agreements (closed shops) 247, 26o-1

industrial relations 213-14, 215-17; comparative 233; multi­unionism 226; single union agreement 228-32, 235--40; without unions 23Q-1

Trades Union Congress (TUC) 215 traditional authority 41 training

employee development 112-14; methods and techniques 123-4; see also employee development

employment law 249 Japanese management 371

trait theories of leadership 33 transactional analysis (TA) 97-100 Transmanche Link (TML) 296 transport 268 treatment, equality of 248-49 Trist, E. 24 Tudor monarchs 349 turnover analysis 187 TWA 160 two-factor theory 56--7

uncertainty decision-making 105-6 role 71

unfair dismissal 255, 255-7

uniforms 70 Unilever 176 unit production 276

Index 395

unitary perspective on industrial relations 214, 218, 226-7

United States (USA) 233 Urwick, L.F. 331, 332 US Air 296 utilities, public 378

validity 306-7 value chain 19, 20 value for money 162 values

change and 355-6 managerial performance 326-7 personal 77, 78 shared 78-9, 131

variable costs 313 Vauxhall Cars 14, 68 Virgin Group 138, 214, 330 visibility 33Q-1 vision 74-5, 131-2 Volkswagen 168 Volvo 68

wages see payment/reward systems 'wait a minute' 333, 334 walking about, managing by 33Q-1 Walkman 273 Walton, D. 223 Waterman, R. 26,27-8 weaknesses (SWOT analysis) 145-6 Weber,Max 9,41 welfarism 10 Wellcome Company 297 Western Electric Company, Chicago 12,68 wheel structure 80 Williams, Alan 359 Woodward, Joan 19 work analysis 195-7 work design and measurement 27Q-1 work organisation traditions 225 workforce management 221 workforce profile 186-7 workplace conflict 22Q-1

see also conflict written communication 93-4