I. Classification of Matter

MATTER (anything that has mass & takes up space)

MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCE(matter with a

definite composition)Ex- water, helium, carbon dioxide,

sodium

MATTER

MIXTURE(2 or more pure

substances combined in ANY ratio)

Ex- lemonade, concrete, shaving cream

Pure Substances

COMPOUND(2 or more elements chemically bonded

together)Ex- sodium chloride,

water, glucose, CLUE- chemical formulas have 2 capital letters; it is NOT on the periodic table

Pure Substances

ELEMENT(cannot be broken down

any further)Ex- carbon, oxygen, lithium,

hydrogenCLUE- It is any substance

written on the periodic table

Mixtures

SOLUTION(a homogeneous mixture

that cannot be filtered & will NEVER settle upon

standing)Ex- saline solution, grape

juiceCLUE- It is clear (might be

clear & colored)

Mixtures

COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION(a homogeneous mixture

that cannot be filtered & will EVENTUALLY settle upon

standing)Ex- mayo, milk, fog, cool

whipCLUE- it creates the

Tyndall Effect

Mixtures

COURSE SUSPENSION(a heterogeneous mixture that can be filtered & will

QUICKLY settle upon standing)

Ex- Italian Dressing, OJCLUE- it has

distinguishable “pieces” in it.

SOLUTION

ALLOY(a special type of solution where 2 or more METALS mix together----a “metallic

solution”)Ex- brass (zinc & copper); pewter (tin & lead); steel

(iron & carbon)CLUE- It is NOT on the

periodic table

II. Physical Properties of matter that we will use to help us separate a solution?

A. ___________________________Magnetism

Demonstration – Magnetism:

B. ___________________________C. ____________________________

1. Lab techniques that uses phase change separation.

a. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ___________________________

DensityPhase Changes

Distillation – uses different boiling points of the pure substances involved to separate and CAPTURE all of the substances of the mixture

Distillation Demo:

b. ______________________

D. ___________________________1. Lab techniques that use particle size

separation.a.

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

Crystallization – separation technique that uses the boiling point to capture ONLY the substance with the HIGHEST boiling point

Particle Size

Filtering – using a screen or paper to help retain the larger items, while the smaller pass through

E.__________________________________Can dissolve in water (Soluble in water)

III. Characteristics of Solutions A. Parts of a Solution

Solvent – the substance doing the dissolving

Solute – the substance being dissolved

B. Terms related to solutions:1. Soluble -

___________________________

_________________________________ ex –

2. Insoluble - _________________________

__________________________________

ex -

Able to dissolve in each other

Salt is soluble in water

NOT able to dissolve in each other

Water is insoluble in water

3. concentration - _________________________ _____________________________________

4. Diluted solution - _______________________ ______________________________________

5. Concentrated solution - __________________ ______________________________________

the amount of solute in a solution

when you add more solvent to a solution in order to decrease the overall concentration

when you remove solvent from a solution in order INCREASE the overall concentration

C. Rate of solution:1. Definition:

________________________

________________________________

the speed at which a solvent is able to dissolve a solute

2. Ways to increase the speed at which the solvent dissolves the solute.

a. _____________________________ Demo:

b. _____________________________ Demo:

c. _____________________________ Demo:

Increase temperature

Increase surface area

Stir or Shake

D. How do You Describe The Amount of Solute in a Solution?1. Definition of each:

a. Unsaturated- _____________________

________________________________

Does not have all of the solute that it could at a given temperature

i. if you add one more piece of _____________ to an unsaturated solution, it will _______________ into the beaker of solution.

solute

dissolve

b. Saturated - ____________________________ _____________________________________

i. if you add one more piece of _____________ to a saturated solution, it will __________________ in the beaker.

Has all of the solute that it can at a given temperature

soluteStay as a crystal

c. supersaturated - _______________________ ____________________________________

i. if you add one more piece of _____________ to a super-saturated solution, it will __________________ in the beaker.

Has more solute than it SHOULD at a given temperature

solute

crystalize

Demonstration – Super Saturated Solution:

E. Solubility and Solubility Curves 1. Solubility - __________________________

___________________________________

2. Solubility Curve – __________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

The total amount of solute necessary to make a saturated solution at a GIVEN TEMPERATURE

a graph that illustrates the solubility of given solutes in certain solvents

1. What is the title of this graph?

2. What is the x-axis label?3. What is the x-axis unit

of measurement?4. What is the y-axis label?5. What is the y-axis unit

of measurement?6. What is the general

trend expressed by this graph?

UNSATURATED- anything under the line

SUPERSATURATED- anything above the line

SATURATED - anything on the

line

1. What is the temperature of a saturated solution of 36 g / 100 g of water?

2. What is the solubility of BaCl2 at 60 C?

3. If a solution has 40 g of BaCl2 dissolved in 100 g of water and it is at 70 C, how would you characterize it?

4. How would you create a supersaturated solution?

c. Common trend between temperature and heati. as temperature __________________, solubility _________________.

increases increases

1. Which salt is the most soluble at 70 C?

2. Which salt’s solubility is least affected by temperature?

3. Which salt’s solubility is most affected by temperature?