I. Createanepisodemaponwestwardexpansion
A. Whatisamarket??Whatdopeopledoatmarkets??Whatisanexampleofamarket??Whataresomemarketsthatweusefrequently??
I. The Industrial Revolution was an effort to increase production by using machines rather instead of humans or animals.
II. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s and soon made its way to America
III. Steam engines soon replaced work done by men and animals
I. People began buying and selling goods instead of making them on their own
II. Surge in manufacturing (North and Northwest)
A. Making products in factories
III. More people participated in a larger market economy.
A. Purchase things instead of making them B. Allow others to build, create things à then purchase them
I. Most people live in rural environments (mainly subsistence) farmers.
II. Grow food & raise animals for self consumption.
III. Make other things like clothes, furniture, etc.
IV. Made cash selling excess goods.
V. Trade with neighbors for things they can’t make (barter economy)
I. Artisan = skilled craftsman (blacksmith, cobbler, cooper, wheel maker, tailor, etc).
II. Each product is crafted by hand
A. Product is made entirely B. No individual parts all one piece C. Difficult & time consuming
III. Cottage Industry
A. Products are made at home by women B. Companies send materials to homes,
women sew products & send them back for commission
I. Specialization – focusing on producing 1 or 2 products or crops
II. Specialization lead to the Market Revolution
A. People bought & sold goods rather than making them.
III. Growth depended on free enterprise A. Economic system where private businesses control the
means of production & earn profits
IV. Investors called Entrepreneurs A. Investors who risk their own money in new industries.
I. Causes: A. Improvements in Transportation B. Increased Industrialization C. Improvements in communications
II. Results = Increased commercialization (more Americans involved in commercial market activity). Buying and selling more
I. Steamboats A. Robert Fulton invented the
steamboat B. Travel upriver and downriver C. Shipping faster, easier and
cheaper
II. Canals (Erie) à NE & NW I. Canals are man-made rivers
that assisted in the transportation of goods in the USA
II. Connect places away from rives to rives, lakes or oceans
I. The invention and growth of Railroads allowed for overland transportation of products & people
II. Railroads allowed the for products and people to be moved quickly over land
A. Never possible before
III. 1830 = 13 miles of RR
IV. 1860 = 31,000 miles of RR
I. Telegraph A. Samuel F.B. Morse
II. Instant communication A. Revolutionized the way
people talk B. Communication available
throughout entire nation
III. Companies and consumers can speak instantly about products
I. Efficient transportation became essential. A. Moving products became as important as making
products B. Manufacturers needed to be able to move products from
factory to consumer
II. Railroads offered the advantage of speed. I. Trains could operate in winter. II. Brought goods further inland.
III. Improved communication & transportation made America’s regions interdependent.
I. South remain cash crop agricultural. A. Relied on tobacco, cotton, rice
II. Northeast became a center for commerce. A. Relied on manufacturing to sustain the economy.
III. Midwest became agricultural. A. Relied on specialization of wheat, corn & cattle
IV. All three regions of the USA began trading with one another thanks to transportation improvements
I. DuringtheMarketRevolutiontheAmericansocietywillundergosignificantchange.
A. Urbanization(UrbanGrowth)àmorepeoplemovingtocitiesi. Americanscanfindworkinfactories
B. TransportationImprovementsàgoods&peoplecanmovemuchfaster
i. Railroads,Steamboats,Roads(Turnpikes)&Canals
C. Communicationàpeoplecancommunicateinstantlyi. Telegraphprovidesinstantcommunicationii. ConnectstheAmericannationàNorth,South&West
I. Manufacturers needed cheap labor for factory work
II. Competition forced factory owners to cut wages
and working conditions began to deteriorate. A. Lower wages means more profits B. Cheaper prices means more sales C. All about maintaining profits
III. Factory owners begin to turn to immigrant labor (The Irish)
① ExplainhowtheMarketRevolutionchangedthewayitemswereobtained:
② PriortotheMarketRevolutionhowwereitemsmade?Whattwoplaces?
③ WhywastransportationimportantduringtheMarketRevolution?
④ ExplainthreeadvancementsintransportationduringtheMarketRevolution
⑤ DiscussthechangeincommunicationduringtheMarketRevolution:
I. From1800-1850theUnitedStateswillexpandrapidlyA. ManifestDestiny,LandAcquisitions,Mex-AmWar
II. Industrialinventionswillassistthisexpansionwestward&theMarketRevolution
A. InventionsmakeexpansionpossibleàwithouttheseinventionsAmericacannotmovewest
B. InventionsmaketheMarketRevolutionàwithoutinventionsmachinescannotmakeproductsandmoveproducts
① Completetheindustrialinventionschartwithapartner
② Researchtheinformationandcompletethechartusingonlineresourcesortextbooks
③ Youshouldnotmovetoworkwithsomeonedifferent
Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
I. Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat making water travel much easier
A. Travel both directions on the rivers à no man or animals needed
B. Allowed products to be moved quickly throughout the nation
I. Provided fast land transportation
II. People and products can be moved without water
A. Fast & cheap shipping
III. Connected the American regions
IV. Now north, south and west rely on one another
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
I. Made cotton production easier & faster A. Settlers can farm more land à specialization B. Increased number of slaves needed on southern
plantations C. Industrial agriculture of cotton
Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory
I. Developed the idea of interchangeable parts A. Unskilled workers can build products
B. Mass production of good begins for markets
i. Need a lot of goods very fast à factories
C. Increase of factory system à increased urbanization
i. More Americans moving to cities
John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)
I. John Deere created the steel plow
A. Made cultivation of western land possible
B. Steel is much lighter & stronger C. Easier to cultivate rocky soil in
western USA
II. No steel plow à no westward expansion
Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831
I. McCormick invented the mechanical reaper A. Reaper used to harvest
grain (breads, pastas)
II. Increased the productivity of the American farmer
III. One famer could do the work of 5 men A. Industrial agriculture B. Less people needed to
farm
Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph
I. Samuel Morse invented the telegraph A. Communication becomes instant B. Interconnection of north, south
and west (they can all talk) C. Linked interior (western) USA with
the east
Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840s Sewing Machine
I. Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846 II. Isaac Singer added the foot pedal
III. The sewing machine reduced the time it took to make clothes A. Textiles (clothes) became an important piece in American markets B. Northern manufactures made clothes from southern cotton
i. North and south rely on each other for economic prosperity
I. ManufacturingbecamemucheasierduringtheMarketRevolution
A. Inventions&industrialization
II. ManufactureditemsbecomecheaperduetoeasinessA. Lowerpricesmeantthatfactoryworkerscouldpurchasenew
itemsB. Americaneconomyskyrocketsàmoreproduction,more
consumption=moremoney
I. TheMarketRevolutionledtospecialization(focusingononething)inthethreeregionsoftheAmericaneconomy
II. North,SouthandWestwillallfocusononeeconomicmeansofwealth
III. Themarketallowstheregionstospecializethensellproductsinmarket
Regional Specialization
North à Industrial Manufacturing
SOUTH à Cotton, Tobacco & Slavery
WEST à The Nation’s “Breadbasket (FOOD)