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PRESTRESSED (ON(RETE INSTITUTE PC I Design
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Published Monthly by thePRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTEEditor: Edward D. Dionne
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Vol. 13, No. 9September, 1967
A Case Study
Designing a prestressed concrete building
Today’s experienced architects and engineers are well aware of the great freedom of design expression offered throughprecast prestressed concrete construction.Their solutions to structural design problems range from the multi-million-dollarschool complex to the small office building; from the highly aesthetic religiousstructure to the prosaic railroad trestle.
But whatever the structural form maybe, precast prestressed concrete wasselected because its advantages provedespecially desirable in fulfilling the designer’s requirements.
A structural case in point is the mostattractive warehouse facilities of Nobel,Inc., in Denver, Cob., a completely precast prestressed structure which eff iciently serves as a food distribution centerfor area restaurants. It handles frozenfoods and non-perishables in a buildingtotaling over 193,000 sq. ft.
The facilities include a general officearea plus a vast warehouse with freezerand dairy facilities. A major consideration for suitable structural material therefore was the need to protect the fooditems. A fireproof structure was clearlyindicated, with special attention to refrigeration and insulation factors. Equallyimportant was the time of erection: Thecontract called for occupancy within oneyear.
Precast prestressed concrete construction was the logical choice to meet thediverse requirements. Added benefitswould include savings in insurance premiums for the fire—resistant structure;minimum maintenance; a highly aestheticappearance; and elimination of any construction delays through inclementweather or labor shortages. Contracted
in November, 1965, the complex wasready for occupancy 12 months later.
Using a critical path program, production of the precast prestressed memberswas initiated. Needed were over 275,000sq. ft. of double-tees and flat panels, andseveral thousand lineal feet of prestressedgirders.
The precast elements enabled the shellto be completed in six months. The mobility of the precast wall panels allows fortheir removal and re-use in time of futureexpansion. The freezer area is designedfor expansion without interruption of thefreezing cycle.
The building has a ground floor area of
166,000 sq. ft., with a second-floor area of27,000 sq. ft. Walls are given an architectural touch by alternating double-teesand flat slabs of varied heights. The officearea walls are exposed aggregate panels.Tracks running through the building facilitate railroad receiving inside.
The structural system was designed forZone 2 seismic forces. Connections ofgirders to columns maintain continuity.Lateral forces perpendicular to the beamsare taken by the end walls, assumingdiaphragm action in the roof. Columnbearing plates were field welded to perfectly match beam bearing, and all weldswere then X-rayed.
Typical wall panel to foundation connection
Arch.: Joseph T. Wilson; Eng.: lb Falk Jorgensen Consulting Engineers, Inc.; pre fabricator: Prestressed Concrete of Colorado, Inc.; precast panels by Otto Buehner & Co.
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A cost reportThe approximate cost of the roof sys
tem, including tees, girders and columns,but excluding the foundations and groundfloor slab, is $1.25 per sq. ft. The totalcost of construction, including mechanical, electrical and architectural features,is $1,367,000. Erected costs averaged:
Roof 22-in, plus 2-in.double-tees $0.90 sq. ft.
Wall vertical double-tees 1.10 sq. ft.Wall flat panels 1.40 sq. ft.Inverted tee girders $15.00 liii. ft.Spandrel girders 13.00 lin. ft.
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3/4• x 3 THREADED INSERTW/ 3/4• BOLT AT 5” PANEL.3/4• BOLT~ AT TWINTEE
~—4x4XI/4XO-4’ WI2 VERT. SLOT --~
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Typical wall panel to beam connection
t— 4”x 3/16”x 0—8” WI2-*4?.1i ANCHORSAT 8 o.c.
TWIN TEE OR5 WALL PANEL
NOTETIGHTEN NUT ORTHEN TACK WELD
BOLT
Typical wall panel to twin-tee connection
Design aids available from PCIAvailable from the Institute are several publications cov
ering the subject of prestressed concrete structural design:“Fundamentals of Prestressed Concrete Design” is a 110-
page handbook covering the properties of prestressing steeland concrete, and interpretation of specifications andcodes. It includes design principles and sample problems.Cost is $4.50 per copy.
“Manual for Quality Control for plants and production ofprecast prestressed concrete products (Tentative).” Prepared especially for plant-produced precast products; helpful to the architect and engineer in designing and usingprestressed concrete; 200 pages; $15. ($7.50 to PCImembers.)
“Connection Details for Precast-Prestressed ConcreteBuildings,” a handbook covering all types of precast connections, i.e., column base, beam to column, beam togirder and bearing wall; 46 details are included, with linedrawings and design considerations for each example. Itcomes in a heavy-duty 3-ring binder; price is $4.50 per copy.
Check or money order payable to the Institute shouldaccompany orders for the publications.
-R~— 9” 3/8 “x I’— 10,”W/ 2—~6’I8”L.~ ANCHORS
SECTION A-A
After initial building movement, members are rigidlyanchored in place.
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8.- 2’~ 3/I6”x2’—O”/~ 8.-3”x3/16” CONT. WI#4x12” ANCHORS AT 4’- O”o
8.— 4”~ 3/I6”~O’-4” WIANCHOR
PRESTRESSED PRECASTCONCRETE GIRDER
Typical twin-tee to girder connection
FLOOR PLAN
FILL JOINTS W/ DRYPACK
8.—3”X I/2”x 2— 0’ AT EACH ~5
5” DIAMETER ROLL OF GLASSFIBER INSULATION
24’ WIDE LAST—O—FLASHLOOSE OVER ROLL B FLANGESSET IN LAST-O—FLASH CEMENT
8” WIDE ASBESTOS FINISHINGFELT SET IN HOT BITUMEN
TYPICAL BEAM TO COLUMNCONNECTION & BEAM CONTINUITY
3 112”e X 3116 4—2 IA4”~ HOLES WIBACKUP PLATES 30’ BEVEL BOTTOM
TO TOP
TYP>~~~~
BEAM CONTRACTION JOINT
COLUMN PLATEDETAIL
WELDED TO NEAR BEAM ONLY>I/43~~AT TIME OF ERECTION
Column plate is shimmed to exactelevation, welded, then grouted.
1t-3”x I/2”~O’—IO”
J~.1/WELDED TO FAR BEAM ONLYV NAT TIME OF ERECTION
WELD TO OTHER BEAM B BEARINGPLATE AFTER ALL BEAMS, TWIN TEES,B ROOFING HAVE BEEN IN PLACE BINTERIOR OF BUILDING IS AT CONSTANTTEMPERATURE.
Productionof prestressedconcrete piles
Precast prestressed concrete piles areamong the earliest products manufactured within the prestressed concreteindustry. Today, in addition to their familiar usage in marine facilities, prestressed piles are utilized in structures ofall types. The manufacturing method forthis structural member is illustrated here,demonstrating the efficient and controlledproduction of such components.
The casting operation begins with theplacing of prestressing strands and spiralreinforcement in four identical forms,located side by side and extending over320 ft. This system thus provides a dailyproduction capacity of nearly one-quartermile of piling.
Placing of concrete follows in a continuous operation, utilizing automatedequipment which distributes equalamounts of concrete into each form asit travels over the bed.
Vibrated screeds affixed at the rear ofthe machine then level the concrete, astrailing sleds smooth the top surface tofinish the piles. The machine travels atthe rate of 3 ft. per minute; thus, the entire daily process is completed in less thantwo hours.
The finished prestressed pilings, 48 ft.long, are then removed from the formsand stored prior to their delivery to thejob site.
Prelabricator: San Diego Prestressed Concrete Co
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 7
8:00 am—5:00 pm PCI Board of Directors Meeting9:00 am—5:00 pm Canadian Board of Directors Meeting
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 8
12:00 noon—6:00 pm Registration9:00 am—5:0O pm PCI Committee Meetings4:00 pm—6:00 pm Exhibitions (Open Daily 10 am—5 pm—Thurs.
10 am—12 noon)
MONDAY, OCTOBER 9
8:00 am—5:00 pm Registration8:00 am—i0:30 am PCI Members’ Breakfast and Annual
Business Meeting11:00 am—12:00 noon Opening Ceremonies
Chairman: Jean PaolucciOpening Address: Jack Streblow, President, Prestressed
Concrete InstituteKeynote Address: The Honourable C. M. Drury, Minister of
Defense Production Industry, Canada12:00 noon—i :30 pm PCI Honor Awards Luncheon
Presiding: Charles M. Nes, Jr., F.A.I.A., Fisher, Nes, Campbell &Partners, Baltimore, Maryland
2:00 pm—4:00 pm TECHNICAL SESSION I: PRESTRESSEDCONCRETE IN THE TRANSPORTATION MARKET“Highways Built with Prestressed Concrete in Montreal”
Bernard Lamarre, Eng., M.Sc., Lalonde, Valois, Lamarre,Valois & Associates, Montreal, Que., Canada
“Surface Effect Machines and Prestressed Glideways”Randall M. Dubois, President, Aeroglide Systems, Inc.,New York, N.Y.
“On Aesthetic Design of Prestressed Concrete Bridges”Fritz Leonhardt, Dr.-Ing., Technische Hochschule,Stuttgart, Germany
“Prestressed Concrete Elevated Roads in Britain”David J. Lee, G. Maunsell & Partners, London, England
“Yakima River (Wash.) Bridge”Arvid Grant, P.E., Arvid Grant & Associates, Olympia, Wash.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 10
8:00 am—S :00 pm Registration
9:00 am—li :45 am TECHNICAL SESSION II: NUCLEARPOWER PLANTS“Prestressed Concrete Containment Building for theGentilly Nuclear Power Station”
Bertrand Laforte & A. Ziegler, Surveyor, Nenniger & Chenevert,Inc., Montreal, Que., Canada
“U.S. Practice of Design of Prestressed ConcreteContainment Structures”
Felix Kulka, T. Y. Lin, Kulka, Yang & Assoc., San Francisco,Calif., and Howard W. WahI, Bechtel Corp., San Francisco, Calif.
“Prestressed Concrete Reactor Vessels in the U.S.”Wolfgang Rockenhauser, Manager, Engineering Analysis Division,General Atomic, Div. of General Dynamics Corp., San Diego,Calif.
“Testing and Development of Prestressed Concrete ReactorVessels”
I. W. Hannah, Central Electricity Generating Board, andI. Davidson, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, England
“Design of Prestressed Concrete Reactor Vessels”R. S. Taylor, Taylor Woodrow Construction Ltd.,Southall, Middlesex, England
“Construction of Prestressed Concrete Reactor Vessels”J. D. Hay and D. M. Eadie, Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons, Ltd.,London, England
9:OOam—il:45am TECHNICAL SESSION III: ENGINEERINGWORKSHOP
Presiding: Norman L. Scott, The Consulting Engineers GroupDiscussion Group Leaders: Larry Fischer, Chief Engineer,Nebraska Prestressed Concrete Co.; Ray McCann, Chief Engineer,Concrete Products Div., Basalt Rock Co.; Francis J. Jacques, P.E.,Prestressed Concrete of Colorado, Inc.; A. Gyimesi, Chief Engineer, Francon (1966) Limitee; Leonard L. Howard, Chief Engineer,Southern Prestressed Concrete, Inc.
1:30 pm—4:00 pm TECHNICAL SESSION IV: RESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT“Strength and Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Memberswith Unbonded Tendons
Ned H Burns and David M Pierce Civil Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Texas
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL PCI CONVENTION
Queen Eläzabeth Hotel—Montreal, CanadaOctober 8-12, 1967
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTE PCI
A R’~TURA1~ STRUCT’URA I
6:30 pm—8:00 pm Get-Acquainted Party
“Moment-Rotation Relationships in Non-Bonded,Post-Tensioned Prestressed Flanged Sections”
Edward G. Nawy and Frank Salek, Department of Civil Engineering, Rutgers University
“Auxiliary Prestressing”Norman W. Hanson, Senior Development Engineer, StructuralDevelopment Section, Portland Cement Association
“Analysis of Umbrella Shells with Post-tensioned EdgeBeams”
J. F. Mirza, Department of Civil Engineering, North CarolinaState University
“Development & Distribution of Cracks in Rectangular Prestressed Concrete Beams During Static and Fatigue Loading”
Paul W. Abeles, Visiting Professor, University of Kentucky, andDr. Earl I. Brown, II, Duke University
1:30 pm—4:00 pm MARKETING SESSION I: MARKETINGWORKSHOP
Chairman: J. Gordon Fenton, Chairman, Marketing CommitteeOrientation Address: Donald Malcom, General Manager of Marketing, Armco Steel Corporation, Kansas City, MissouriDiscussion Leaders: John Heald, Nebraska Prestressed ConcreteCo.; Robert Matthews, Precast/Schokbeton, Inc.; Herb McCoy,Empire Prestress, Inc.; Norman L. Scott, The Consulting EngineersGroup; Michael Simpson, Con-Force Products Ltd.;James Clarke,Wilson Concrete Products, Ltd.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 11
8:00 am—12:00 noon Registration9:OOam—ii:45am TECHNICAL SESSION V: SYSTEMS
BUILDING“System Building in Europe and North America”
Guy G. Rothenstein, Associated System Planners and Designers,New York, N.Y.
“Are European System Buildings Feasible and Economical inCanada and the U.S.A.?”
George K. Escott, Consulting Engineer, Toronto, Ont., Canada“The Transition to Systems Building”
Howard Gilbertsen, Manager, Industrial & Commercial Section,and W. Burr Bennett, Jr., Director, Engineering Services Department, Portland Cement Association
“The Architect’s Place in the Systems Building Concept”Carl Koch, Carl Koch & Associates, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
“Dynaframe System of Structural Building Elements”Edward D. Perry, Consulting Engineer, Washington, D.C., andWayne C. Hart, President, Strescon Industries, Inc., Baltimore,Maryland.
“Tn -Axial Prestressed Elements for Very High and Very Long-Span Construction”
Dr. V. V. Mikhailov, Prof., Dr. Sc. of Research Institute of Concreteand Reinforced Concrete, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
12:00 noon—i :30 pm PCI Membership Luncheon
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12
8:00 am—12:00 noon Registration8:00 am—5:00 pm PCI Board of Directors Meeting8:3Oam—11:45am TECHNICAL SESSION VI: PANEL
DISCUSSIONS ON ARCHITECTURAL PRECAST CONCRETEPart 1—Production and Quality Control
Moderator: Fay Lawson, Dolt and Dew, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky
“A Manual for Quality Control”John F. Downing, Midwest Concrete Industries, West Des Moines,Iowa
“Polished Precast Products”Paul Buehner, Otto Buehner & Co., Salt Lake City, Utah
“Exposed Aggregate Products”John M. Cox, Pre-Cast Industries, Inc., Miami, Florida
“Standard Units for Architectural Walls”Tom A. Thomas, Jr., Thomas Concrete Products Co., OklahomaCity, Oklahoma
“Strength Tests to Meet Specs”Ted Hunt, Portland Cement Association
Part 2—Architectural and Engineering DesignModerator: Adelard A. Roy, San-Vel Concrete Corp., Littleton,Mass.
“Architectural Aspects”Benedict Bouzan, T. Pringle & Son, Ltd., Montreal, Que., Canada
“Engineering Design”Charles H. Raths, Charles H. Raths & Associates, Hinsdale, Illinois
“Contractor Consideration”Kenneth Leach, George A. Fuller Co., Boston, Mass.
“A Producer’s Responsibility for Connections”Ivan Varkay, Spancrete, Ltd., Longueuil, Que., Canada
“New Product Development”A. Gyimesi, Francon (1966) Limitee, Rosemont, Montreal, Que.,Canada
8:30 am—il :00 am TECHNICAL SESSION VII: NEW AND USEFULIDEAS FOR THE PRECAST PRESTRESSED INDUSTRY“Production and Design of Architectural Precast Concrete”
Charles H. Raths, Charles H. Raths & Assoc., Hinsdale, Illinois“Graphs for the Direct Design of Prestressed ConcreteMembers”
Francis J. Jacques, P.E., Prestressed Concrete of Colorado, Inc.,Denver, Colorado
“Technological Frontiers of Prestressed Concrete Piling”Shu-t’ien Li, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology,Rapid City, South Dakota
“An Engineer Oriented Computer Language for the Design ofPrestressed Concrete”
Ian R. Stubbs, Manager, Computer Division, T. Y. Lin and Associates, Van Nuys, Calif.
“Standard Cost-FindingManual forthe Prestressing Industry”George Ziverts, Portland Cement Association
1:30 pm—4:00 pm TECHNICAL SESSION VIII: ARCHITECTURALDESIGN WITH PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE“Santa Cruz County, California, Governmental Center”
Ray McCann, Chief Engineer, Concrete Products Division, BasaltRock Company, Napa, Calif.
“Japanese Pavilion at Expo ‘67”Thomas E. Blood, Affleck, Desbarats, Dimakopoulos, Lebensold,Sise, Montreal, Que., Canada
“University of Virginia Chemistry Building”Thomas A. Hanson, Thomas A. Hanson & Associates, Richmond,Virginia
“Chateau Champlain Hotel, Montreal”Roger D’Astous, D’Astous & Pothier, Montreal, Que., Canada
“The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Office Building in Denver”E. Vernon Konkel, Ketchum, Konkel, Ryan & Hastings, Denver,Colorado
“Award-Winning Community Center Project, San Pedro,California”
Andrew J. Joncich, Joncich, Lusby and Associates, San Pedro,California
A total of 168 precast prestressed concrete panels enclose a power substationfor Arizona Public Service Co. in Phoenix.The panels are set in a Vee-pattern tocreate an attractive screen around thearea, located near a high-rise buildingand a motel. A hydraulic gate operatestwo pairs of opposing panels for entrance
to the substation. The panels are 21 ft.7in. high, 4 ft. wide and 4 in. thick. Theywere cast 19 at a time in a 420-ft.-longform, then hauled to the site, where theyshield the substation from public viewand protect equipment from unauthorized entry.
ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTU RAL
205 W. WACKER DRIVECHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60606
(312) 346-4071
Return Requested Printed in u.S.A.
Prest esse. Pan Is E close Powe
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Pretabricator: United-Metro Materials & Concrete Co., Inc.
PCITEMS welcomes material on theapplication of precast and prestressedconcrete. Send material to: The Editor,
PCITEMS.
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RESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTIT TE3TH ANNUAL CON NTION
Quo Elizabeth otel Montreal, Canada Oct. 8-12, 1 67
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE NSTITUTE~1
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September, 1967
