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( Reaffirmed 1999 )

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IS:3792-1978Indian Standard

GUIDE FOR HEAT INSULATION OFNON-INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

( First Revision )Functional Requirements in Buildings Sectional Committee, BDC 12

ChairmanSHRI B. N. BANERJ EA

RepresentingPublic Works Department, Government of WestBengal, Calcutta

MembersPROF A. J. CONTRACTORSNIT E. S. GHUMANSHRI R. G. GOXHALESHRI P. C. J AITLY

University of Roorkee, RoorkeeIndian Institute of Architects, BombayIn personal capacity ( 838 Shiuaji .Nagar, Pune )Directorate General of Health Services, NewDelhi_____

SHRI J. C. KAPUR Danfoss ( India ) Limited, New DelhiCOL N. C. GKJ PTA AlternateSERI K. K. KRANNA National Buildings Organization, New DelhiSHRI M. M. MISTRY ( Alternate )SHRI B. D. KSHIRSA~AR .SJERIL. R. LALLA ( Alternate)SHRI M. M. PANDESHRI M. D. PATELSHRI S. PURUSHOTHAMA

Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters,New Delhi

SHRI PARELI~AR Alternate )SHRI M. M. RANASHRI R. K. S. SAXENASHRI SAYED S. SRAFISHRI D. P. SHARMA( Alternate )SHRI M. R. SHARMASHRI S. SUBBA RAO

SHRI A. V. RAO ( Alternate ).

Voltas Limited, BombayInstitution of Engineers ( India ), CalcuttaDirectorate General of Factory Advice Service &Labour Institute, BombayCentral Public Works Department New DelhiDirectorate General of Observator?les New DelhiInstitute of Town Planners, New DelhiCent;~or~~lding Research Institute ( CSIR ),All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health,Calcutta

( Continued on page 2 )@ Cotyright 1979

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONThis publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) andreproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of thepublisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

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IS t 3792 1978( Continued from page 1 )

Members RepresentingCOL SUERDEVSINGH National Safety Council, Bombay

SHRI N. C. MUKRERJ EE (Alternate )SHRI R. L SURI Suri & Suri Consulting Acoustical Engineers,New DelhiSHRI GAUTAM SURI ( Alternate )SHRI L. G. TOYE Research, Designs and Standards Organization( Ministry of Railways ), LucknowSHRI V. K. PUNJ ( Alternate )SRRI D. AJ ITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-ojicio Member )Director (Civ Engg)

SecretarySHRI SURESH MALKANI

Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1Architectural Acoustics, Sound and Heat-Insulation Subcommittee,BDC 12 : 5

ConvenerSHRI R. L. SURI Suri & Suri Consulting Acoustical Engineers,New Delhi

MembersSHRI GAUTAMSURI (Alternate toShri R. L. Suri)DR K. N. AGGARWAL Central Building Research Institute ( CSI R ),RoorkeeSHRI P. S. BHANDARI ( Alternate )SHRI T. D. BANSAL In personal capacity (XV-5352-D Laddu Ghati,JVew Delhi )

DR A. F. CHHAPGAR National Physical Laboratory ( CSI R), NewDelhiSHRI M. M. MISTRY National Buildings Organization, New DelhiSIIRI B. D. DHAWAN ( Alternate)SHRI P. R. NARASI~HAN Directorate General of All India Radio, NewDelhiDR M. PANCHOLY In personal capacity ( Emeritus Scientist, NationalPhysical Laboratol-y, New Delhi )SHRI S. PURUSHOTHAMA Directorate General of Factory Advice Service &Labour I nstitute, BombaySHRI PARELKAR ( Alternate )SHRI SURENDRA SHARMA Indian Institute of Architects, BombaySHRI N. SRINIVAS Lloyd Insulations ( India ), New DelhiSHRI C. V. YEGNaNARAYANAN Voltas Limited, BombaySHRI M. M. PANDE (Alternate)REPRXSENTATIVE Fibreglass Pilkington, New Delhi

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IS : 3792 - 1978Indian Standard

GUIDE FOR HEAT INSULATION OFNON-INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

( First Revision )0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision ) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution on 28 December 1978, after the draft finalized bythe Functional Requirements in Buildings Sectional Committee had beenapproved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.8.2 This standard was first issued in 1966. In view of the experiencegained in the country in this field, the Committee responsible for thepreparation of this standard felt the necessity for its revision. Some ofthe significant changes made in this revision are highlighted in 0.2.1.

0.2.1 The new terms such as thermal performance index and shadefactor have been introduced. Recommendations to attain desirablethermal conditions in the buildings have been modified. Figures 2, 3 and 4have been revised and new sections describing the figures have beenintroduced. The values of shade factor for various shading devices havebeen included. Appendix C has been modified to cover the latest buildingand insulating materials in vogue in the country. Tables 2 and 3 inAppendix D have been deleted.0.3 General principles of heat transfer have been given in Appendix A,mainly for the purpose of providing some additional information relevantto the recommendations made in this guide.0.4 In the formulation of this guide the Sectional Committee has alsoconsidered the recommendations and practices in vogue in other countries,with regard to heat insulation of buildings wherein no mechanical coolingor heatmg aids, such as air-conditioning plants, have been used. In majorparts of this country, the problem is mainly prevention of undue heat gainof structures during hot-dry and hot-humid periods. This guide laysdown recommendations for the reduction of heat flow from outside toinside the building and also gives necessary data required in this connec-tion. It may, however, be noted that thermal insulation applied to

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IS t 3792 - 1978minimize heat gain of a structure during the hot season will assist inreducing the heat loss of the same structure in the cold season, though theexact extent may vary.0.5 This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on functionalrequirements of buildings. A list of standards published so far in theseries is given on page 40.0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express-ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordancewith IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in therounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in thisstandard.

1. SCOPE1.1 This guide is intended to cover heat insulation of non-industrialbuildings, such as dwellings, hospitals, schools and office buildings whereinno mechanical cooling or heating aids, such as air-conditioning plants,are used.2. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS OFQUANTITIES USED IN HEAT INSULATION2.1 Definitions of terms, symbols and units of quantities commonly usedin expressing the results of measurements or in calculating the extent ofheat flow through building units are given in Table 1.3. TEMPERATURE-CUM-HUMIDITY ZONES IN INDIA3.1 Keeping in view the fact that for indoor comfort the heat-insulationrequirements for buildings in relation to different climatic regions wouldbe different, for the purpose of this guide the country may be divided intozones as detailed under 3.1.1 to 3.1.4.

3.1.1 Hot and Ari d zone -Regions where mean daily maximum drybulb temperatures of 38C or higher, and relative humidity of 40 percentor less, prevail during the hottest month of the year and where the altitudeis not more than 500 m above mean sea level, may be classified as hot andarid zones. Some representative towns falling under this zone are givenin Appendix B.*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( r evi sed .

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I8 t 3792 - 1978

TABLE I DEFINITIONS OF TERMS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS OF QUANT,lXES USED IN HEAT INSULATION( CIau.rr2. I )

SL No. TERhl SYrBoL. DErtNITloX UHlr ExrLnn*~Ploa(1) .(2)

i) Thermal tr ansmssi on orrate of belt ilowii) Thermal conductivity

iii) Thermnl resr,tlvit>

v) Thermal resistance

vi, Surface coefficient

vii) Sort&e re+stancevui) Total thermal resistance

ix) Thermal transmittance

x, Thermal damping

xi) Tbcrmai time constant

xi) Thermal performanceindex

(4) (5) (6)Tbe quantity of beat flow ing in unit tome under the conditions W

prevading~at that timeTbe qlnntrty oi beat in the steady CI~F* condirlons flowing i ?unit time tbroqh a unit area of a 4ab of uniform mater& of

W(mK) The thermal conductrvity is a characteristic proprrtv of a materialinlimte extent and of unit tbictnr~e Lpcwhere

$r ~eym~Y,;~$~;tytJ~5 - surface coe5aent of the outsidesurfacei = thermal conductwitv of the mater&L = thickness of the componentp = density of the materialc = speciiic neat capacity of the materialb) For comw~ne WA,, or roof. T may be obtained from the

7pI = , T,, - 30 x 12.5whwe

7,. = pent Inside surface temperatures s _ Tnstantrn~mn heat qain through the rhadinq dewa

,or,.,nt~newra heat na,n tbroueh the3.0 mm f&n glass shee;- It II the timedxfference between the occurrences of the temperaturr b -mnxnmum zt the outrkde and m~~de when rubyxted to periodiccondlt!on,

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As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank

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I S : 3792 - 19783.1.2 Hot and Humi d

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fS : 3792 - 1978

90

THERMAL TIME CONSTANT,+(h)FIG. 1 LIMITING CURVES SHOWING RELATiONSHIP BETWEEN THERMAL TIME

CONSTANT IN HOURS AND THERMAL DAMPING IN PERCENT4.2 Heat insulation is usually not needed for buildings situated in placesbeing not covered under any of the zones mentioned in 3.

NOTE 1 -Representative towns under this category are Indore, Seoni,Bangalore, Belgaum, Mysore, Pune, Ranchi and Sagar.NOTE 2 - Marginal cases may be dealt with by usersthe principles enumerated in this guide.

4.3 It is recommended that no exposed windowdescribed under 3.1.1 to 3.1.4 should have a shadeand transmittance more than 6.51 W/( m%K ).5. METHODS OF HEAT INSULATION5.1 General Methods

themselves in the light oflocated in the zonesfactor more than 0.5

5.1.1 Heat Insulation by Orientation - The orientation of a building withrespect to the sun has a very important bearing on its thermal behaviour.

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IS I 3792 - 1978For optimum orientation there are usually conflicting requirements.Minimum transfer of solar heat is desired during the day in summer, whilemaximum heat of rooms by solar heat is required during winter.

5.1.2 Heat I nsulat i on by Shading - While shading of roof brings downthe surface temperature, it is very difficult to achieve this effect in practice,especially when the altitude angle of the sun is quite high during theperiod of peak heat gain in the afternoons, between 1100 h and 1500 h.Raising the parapet walls can help only when the altitude angle of thesun is low, but the cost may not commensurate with the effect obtained.

5.1.3 Height of Ceil ing-Whil e the surface temperature of the ceilingdoes not vary with its height, the intensity of long wave radiation emittedby the ceiling decreases as it travels downwards, but the effect of verticalgradient of radiation intensity is not significant beyond 1 to l-3 m. Hence,it should be adequate to provide ceiling at a height of about 1 to l-3 mabove the occupants.5.2 Heat Insulation of Roofs-Heat gain through roofs may bereduced by one or more of the following methods:

a) Appli cat i on of Heat Insulat i ng M ater ial - Heat insulating materialsmay be applied externally or internally to the roofs. In case ofexternal application, heat insulating material may be laid overthe roof but below a waterproof course. In case of internalapplication, heat insulating material may be fixed by adhesive orotherwise on the underside of roofs from within the rooms. Falseceiling of insulating material may be provided below the roofwith air gaps in between.

.

b) Shining and reflecting material may be laid on the top of theroof.c) Roofs may be flooded with water in the form of sprays or other-wise. Loss due to evaporation may be compensated by make uparrangement.d) Movable covering of suitable heat insulating material, if practi-cable, may be considered.e) White washing of the roof before on-set of each summer.

NOTE-The methods given in (b) and (e) would be fully effective in casethe surfaces are kept clean to avoid accumulation of dust.5.3 Heat Insulation of Exposed Walls - Heat insulation of exposedwalls may be achieved by the following ways:

a) The thickness of the wall may be increased;b) Cavity wall construction may be adopted;

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1s:3792-1978c) The wall may be constructed out of suitable heat insulatingmaterial provided structural requirements are met;d) Heat insulatingmateria1 ( see 6 ) may be fixed on the inside oroutside of the exposed wall. ( In the case of external application,

overall waterproofing is essential ); ande) Light coloured white wash or distemper may be applied on theexposed side of the wall.5.4 Heat Insulation of Exposed Windows and Doors - In dealingwith heat insulation of exposed windows and doors, suitable methodsshould be adopted to reduce:

a) incidence of solar heat, andb) reduction of heat transmission.

5.4.1 Reduct i on of Incidence of Solar Heat -Thi s may be achieved byany one of the following means:a)b)4

5.4.2

External shading, such as louvered shutters, sun breakers andCHHAJJAS;Internal shading, such as curtains and Venetian blinds; andUse of heat resistant glasses/films.Reduct i on of Heat Transmi ssi on - Where glazed windows and doors.__ _ .are provided reduction of heat transmission may be achieved by providinginsulating glass or double glass with air space or by any other suitablemeans.

6. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY VALUES6.1 Typical building and insulating materials and their thermal conducti-vity values are given in Appendix C. It may, however, be noted that thevalues are typical and approximate and should be checked with thevalues declared by the manufacturers, or users should get them tested atone of the recognized testing laboratories.7. CALCULATION OF OVERALL THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE

AND THERMAL TIME CONSTANT7.1 Examples showing calculations of thermal transmittance and thermaltime constant for typical cases are given in Appendix D.8. VALUES OF THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE; THERMAL DAM-PING, THERMAL PERFORMANCE INDEX AND THERMALTIME CONSTANT FOR TYPICAL BUILDING CONSTRUC-TIONS8.1 Typical building constructions and the values of thermal transmit-tance, thermal damping, thermal performance index and thermal timeconstant are given in Tables 3, 4 and 5 read correspondingly with Fig. 2,3 and 4 for information,

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U = 3.00 u = 2.28 U = 2. 13Q/U = 7. 72 Q/U = 17. 44 Q/U = 21. 16D = 58.90 D =87, 60 D = 78.90TPI = 164 TPI = 97 TPI = 93

= 1.80& = 18.17D = 79.40TPI = 109

U = I .55Q/U = 30.50D = 85.40TPI = 78

D = 87.60 D = 90.90TPI = 64 TPI = 61

8 9

D = 81. 00 D = 81.00TPI = 85 TPI = 95

IS : 3792 - 1978

U = Transmittance [ W/( maK ) ] Q/U = Thermal Time Constant ( hours )D = Damping ( percentage ) TPI = Thermal Performance Index ( percentage )

FIG. 2 THERMAL PERFORMANCEOF WALLS - Continued

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IS : 3792 - 1978

=9.00?PI= 2 = 85.80TDPI = 79153 ,u :go= 57.00?PI = 11219

TPI = 173 ?PI z611360

I??3 ul BU = 2.79Q/U 1;;;; g,u 1 :g0FPI = 131 = 49.00TDPI = 193

&u ! ;;;!I?PI = 101

U = Transmittance [ /( msK )]D = Damping (percentage ) Q/U = Thermal Time Constant ( hours )TPI = Thermal Performance Index ( percentage )FIG. 2 THERMAL PERFORMANCEOF WALLS - Continued

&J P:::oD = 92.40TPI = 82

16313

rlU = 2.09Q/U = 31.90

= 75.00!SPI = 102

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IS t 3792 197822

7 I. 25

. .,:...:. . i. >..., .!I. .., . .. .:.:.-;..;_c:. :...

= 80.00&I = 90

23

U = 0.80YU = 56-4086.00TPI = 79

U = 3.47

TPI = 10327

28

;,U z :;; U = 4.88 to 6.28D = 82.0 S/U z ;;0

U = Transmittance [ W/( m*K ) ] Q/U = Thermal Time Constant ( hours)D = Damping ( percentage) TPI = Thermal Performance Index ( percentage )FIG. 2 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF WALLS

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PEm W-- --_I?

a

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13

U = 2.21Q,U = 22.70D = 73.0TPI = 125

U = 3.07Q/U = 12.60D = 49.0TPI = 173

U = 3.65Q/U = 6.70D = 43.0TP I = 181

U = 2.45Q/U = 10.70D = 530TP I = 123

U = 4.02Q/U = 3.50D = 20 0TPI = 211

U = Transmittance [ W/( m% ) ] Q/U = Thermal Time Constant (hours ) E;. .

t ;,u;4!;0D = 73 00TP I = 115

18

= 2.27&J = 16,50D = 69.00TPI = 10-1

16

I IU = 2.13Q/U = 16.50D = 76.0TPI z 95

D = Damping (percentage ) TP I = Thermal Performance Index ( percentage ) 2FIG. 3 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FLAT ROOFS isI

5;;;;:

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D = 12.0TPI = 186

D = 39 00TPI = 111

= 1.40FJ,u = 0.09D = 180TPI = 80

D = 17.0TPI = 75

D = 21TPI = 90

D = 6.0TPI = 198

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U = 3.56Q/U = 7.70D = 53TPI = 138

U L- .20/U = 12.2 ;,U : ;6::D = 39.0 D = 20TPI = 127 TPI = 116

U = 1.69Q /U = 18.0D = 26TPI = 102

U = 407Q/U = 6.0D = 78TPI = 150

U = Transmittance [ W/( mzK ) ] Q/U = Thermal Time Constant ( hours )D = Damping ( percentage ) TPI = Thermal Performance Index (percentage )

F1c.4 THERMALPERFORMANCE OFSLOPED ROOFSF

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IS : 3792 - 19788.1.1 The thermal performance index ( TPI) values given inTables 3, 4 and 5 are for a typical summer design day with a fixed surfaceabsorption coefficient ( M= 0.7 ). The correction factors may be appliedto the TPI values for other climatic zones, orientations and surfacefinish as given in Table 6. Corrected 7lI values for unconditioned

buildings are obtained from the following equation:Corrected TPI = ( TPI - 50 ) C + 50

where C indicates the correction factor as obtained from Table 6.8.2 Typical values of thermal transmittance for different types of doorsand windows are given in Fig. 5.9. VALUES OF SHADE FACTOR9.1 The values of shade factor for various types of shading devices aregiven in Table 7.

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IS : 3792 - 1978

SL

TABLE 3 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF WALLS( Clauses 8.1 and 8.1.1 )

SPECIFICATIONOF WALLS U- TEERMAL DAMPINQ l-PINo. VAL~JES

(1) (2) (3)W/Cm=)

1. 1.25 cm PL* + 11.25 cm brick + l-25 cmPL2. 1.25 cm PL + 20.00 cm brick + l-25 cmPL3. 1.25 cm PL + 22.5 cm brick + I.25 cmPL4. 1.25 cm PL + 33.75 cm brick + 1.25 cmPL5. 1.25 cm PL + 45.0 cm brick + 1.25 cmPL6. 1.25 cm PL + 7.5 cm brick + 5.0 cm airgap + 7.5 cm brick + 1.25 cm PL7. 1.25 cm PL + 11.25 cm brick + 5.0 cmair gap + 11.25 cm brick + 1.25 cm PL8. 22.5 cm cavity brick wall9. l-25 cm PL + 2.5 cm expanded poly-styrene + I l.25 cm brick + 1.25 cm PL

10. 1.25 cm PL + 11.25 cm brick + 2.5 cmexpanded polystyrene + 1.25 cm PL11. 1.25 cm PL + 2.5 cm expanded poly-

styrene + 22.5 cm brick + l-25 cm PL12. 1.25 cm PL + 22.5 cm brick + 2.5 cmexpanded polystyrene + 1.25 cm PL13. 1 25 cm PL +1.25 cm PL 20 cm tin. conf block + 2.09 31.9 75.0 10214. 10 cm con block 4.12 8.2 41.0 22315. 15 cm con block 3.29 14 56 173

3.00

TIMECONS-TAN,!(4)h7.72 58.9 164

2.28 17.44 87.6 972.13 21.16 78.8 93l-65 41.0 87% 64I.35 67.13 90.9 611.80 18.17 79.4 1091.55 30.5 85.4 781.69 41.0 81.0 850.97 43.2 81.0 950.97 11.3 89.0 92O-85 52.0 85.80 790.85 16.7 92.4 82

(D)(5) (6)

percent percent

( Conti nued

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IS:3792 -1978

TABLE 3 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF WALLS - ContdSL SPECIFI CATION OF WILLSNo.

16. 10 cm cellular con17. 20 cm dcnsc con-hollow block (2 holes)18. 20 cm dense con-hollow block ( 3 holes )19. 10 cm light weight con-block20. 20 cm light weight con-block ( 2 holes )

21. 20 cm light weight con-block ( 3 holes)22. 1.25 cm PL + 5 cm foam con + I l.25 cmcon + 1.25 cm PL23. 10 cm hollow pan24. 15 cm hollow pan25. 1.25 cm PL + 11.4 cm brick wall + 5.08cm reed board + 3.8 cm cement conplaster26. 25.4 cm rubble wall + 1.25 cm PL27. 7.62 x 7.62 cm wooden studs + 3.81 cmwooden boarding with fireproof paintspray on each side28. Mud wall based on wooden lacings

u- THERMaL DAMPING l -PIVALUES TIMECONS-

(3)W/(m2K)

2.123.012.792.902.071.930.99

PANT(4)h

1414.51212401845

CD)

(5)percent

57616749817380

(6)percent

11213613119310110790

3,27 14 57 2142.56 18 68 1320.80 55.4 86 79

3.47 6.5 321.03 28.0 82

4.88 to6.28 4.9 30

10392

-*PL = cement plastericon = concrete

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IS t 3792 - 1978

SLNo.

(1)1.2.3.

4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.

TABLE 4 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FLAT ROOFS( Clauses 8.1 asd 8.1.1 )

SPECIFICATION OF ROOF SECTIONS u- THERMAL DAMP- i -PIVALUES TIME INQCONS- (D)

(2) (3)W/(m2K)

10 cm RCC10 cm RCC + 10 cm lime concrete10 cm RCC + 5 cm foam con + waterproofing5 cm RCC + 2.5 cm expanded polysty-rene5 cm expanded polystyrene + 5 cmRCC + waterproofing2.5 cm expanded polystyrene + 5 cm RCC10 cm RCC c 5 cm tin. f 5 cm bricktile10 cm RCC + 7.5 cm tin. + 5 cm bricktile11.5 cm RCC + 5 cm Mud Phuska + 5

cm brick tile11.5 cm RCC + 7.5 cm Mud Phuska f 5cm brick tile15 cm clay unit13.75 cm clay unit15 cm clay unit + 10 cm lime con1375 cm clay unit + 10 cm lime con10 cm cellular unit f 8.5 cm lime con-crete12.5 cm cord unit + 8.5 cm lime con-

crete15.4 cm lime con using stone aggregate+ 7.6 cm stone slab8.89 cm concrete using brick aggregate +2.54 Kotah stone slab on each side508 cm lime con using ballast aggregate+ 11.4 cm reinforced brick and bitumenwash on top

20. 5.08 cm lime con using brick ballastaggregate + 5.08 cm RClC slab + bitu-men wash on top surface

3.592.781.08

1 080.621.092.071.762.312.013.152992.212142.272.133.073.652.45

TANT(4)h4.3

10.35.9

1.840.021.014.015.024531.28.87.7

22714.514.016.512.66.7

10.7

4.02 3.5

(5) (6)percent percent

307188

848378818587.391.352.053.075-o73069.076.0494353

20

18413170

64617290809784

18317012511510495

173181123

211

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IS : 3792 - 1978

SLNO.

(1)1.2.

3.

4.

5.

6.7.

8.

9.

10.Il.

TABLE 5 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SLOPED ROOFS(Clauses 8.1 and 8.1.1 )

SPECIRICATION OF (SLOPED) ROOF

(2)0.625 cm AC sheet0.625 cm AC sheet + 2.5 cm airspace + insulating board0.625 cm AC sheet + air space + 5 cmfibrc glass + 0.625 hard board0.625 cm AC sheet + air space + 5cm sandwich of fibreboard/expandedpolystyrene0.625 cm AC sheet + air space + 2.5cm sandwich of fibre board/expandedpolystyrene0.3 cm GI sheet2.5 cm tile + 2.5 cm bamboo reinforce-ment5 cm tile f 25 cm bamboo reinforce-ment2.5 cm thatch roof + 2.5 cm bambooreinforcement5 cm thatch roof f 2.5 cm bamboo

reinforcementMangalore tiles on wooden rafters

U- THERMAL DAMP- TPIVALUES TI>IX INGLCONS- (D)TANT

(3)W/(m2K)

5.472.44

I.40

0.65

1.22

6.163.56

3.20

2.381.694.07

(4) (5) (6)h percent percent

0.015 120.029 39

0.085 18

1.8 17

0.58 21

0.21 67.7 55

12.0 39

16.0 2618.0 206 78

186111

80

75

90

198138

127116

102150

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IS t 3792 - 1978

TABLE 6 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THERMALPERFORMANCE INDEX ( 7-W )

SL CHARACTERISTICSNo.(1) (2)

1. Building Componenta) Roofb) Wall ( W )

2. Orientation of Walla) Nb) NEc) Ed) SEe) Sf) SWg) NW

3. External Surface Finisha) Roof

i) Darkii) Light

b) Walli) Dark

ii) Light4. Shadinga) Roof

b) Wall

( clause. 1. 1HOT DRYZONE

(3)HOT HUMID WARM HUMIDZOrJE ZONE

(4) (5)

11

0.950.85

OS92o-75

0.45 0,38 o-34o-70 0.59 0.540.85 0.72 0630.67 0.57 0.50055 0.47 0.420.75 0.64 0.570.70 0.68 0.60

1 oo 0.95 0.920.75 071 069

1.00o-78

0.850.66

0.750.59

O-32 0.31 0.300.35 0.30 0.26

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18 : 3792 - 1978

SLNo.(1)

1.2.3.

4.5.

6.

7.

TABLE 7 THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENTSHADING DEVICES( Clause 9.1 )

NAME OF TEE SHADING DEVICE

(2)

Plain glass sheet ( 3.0 mm thick )Plain glass + wire mesh outsidePainted glass

i) White paintii) Yellow paint

iii) Green paintHeat absorbing glassPlain glass sheet + Venetian blindinside

TRANSMITTANCEU-VALUE(3)

W/C m2K )5.23

SHADE FACTOR

(4)

5.001.000.65

5.225.225.224.653.72

0.350.370.40o-45

i) Light colour 0.35ii) Dark colour 0.40Plain glass sheet + curtain insidei) Light colour

ii) Dark colour

3.140.350.40

Plain glass sheeti) 100 percent shaded

ii) 75 percent shadediii) 60 percent shaded

5.230.140.340.56

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IS : 3792 1978APPENDIX A

( Cause 0.3 )GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HEAT TRANSFER

A-I. Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one side of abuilding unit to the other due to the existence of temperature difference.The rate of this flow depends on the capacity of component material totransmit the same. This property of the building unit made up of thesecomponents is referred to as its thermal transmittance.A-2. Regarding transfer of heat, the simplest system is a homogeneousmaterial which is enclosed between flat parallel hot and cold faces at giventemperature. In the steady state condition, the rate of heat flow undergiven constant temperatures is directly proportional to the area of thesefaces and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Inpractice, however, homogeneous materials are rarely met with. Build-ing construction consists of various building units which are formed outof two or more homogeneous materials.A-3. The combinations of various homogeneous materials actually metwith in practice may be defined as buildin, m units, whose thermal transmit-tances are calculated by knowing the thermal conductivity of theindividual homogeneous materials and by the thickness of these materials.A-4. In the design of non-airconditioned dwellings, hospitals, schools andoffice buildings, it becomes necessary to examine the amount of heattransfer as well as the rate of heat penetration through the building unitand the extent to which the external diurnal range of temperature isdamped by the building unit.A-5. The decreased temperature variation inside the building and timedelay, in other words, thermal damping and time lag, are dependent onthe thermal properties of the building unit. The thermal damping ismainly due to the overall thermal transmittance of the materials formingthe building unit, whereas time lag is mostly dependent upon its heatstorage capacity. The combined action of t!lese two properties under agiven climatic condition will decide the thermal performance of buildingsection. It has been found that total thermal performance is a functionof internal surface temperatures. This temperature depends upon thethermal characteristics of building section and outside climatic data.

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rs 3791- 19%APPENDIX B

( Chms 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3 and 3.1.4)SOME REPRESENTATIVE TOWNS UNDER HOT AND ARID,HOT AND HUMID, WARM AND HUMID, AND COLD ZONES

Hot and Arid

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APPENDIX C( Clause 6.1 )

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF BUILDING AND INSULATINGMATERIALS AT MEAN TEMPERATURE OF 50CSL TYPE OF MATERIAL

(2)1)a)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.a.9.

10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.

19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.

Building MaterialsBurnt brick 1820 0.811Mud brick 1 731 0.750Dense concrete 2410 1.74RCC 2 288 1.58Limestone 2 420 1.80Slate 2 750 1.72Reinforced brick 1 920 1.10Brick tile 1 892 0.798Lime concrete 1646 0.730Mud Phuska 1622 0.519Cement mortar 1 G48 0.719Cement plaster 1 762 0.721Cinder concrete 1406 0.686Foam slag concrete 1 320 0.285Gypsum plaster 1 120 0.512Cellular concrete 704 0.188AC sheet 1 520 0.245GI sheet 7 520 61.06

Timber 480 0.072Timber 720 0.144Plywood 640 0.174Glass 2 350 0.814Alluvial clay ( 40 percent sands ) 1958 1.211Sand 2 240 1.74Black cotton clay ( Madras ) 1899 0 735Black cotton clay ( Indore ) 1683 O*GOFTar felt ( 2.3 kg/me ) - 0.479

*The thermal conductivity ( k ) values have been determintd by:1) Guarded Hot Plate Method, and2) ASTM Heat Flow Method.

DENSITY

(3)kg/m3

THERMAL 8IEOIFIOCONDUCTI- HEATVITY* CAPACITY(4) (5)w/(mR) kJ/( kgK 1

0.880.880.880.880.84O-840.840.880.880.880.920.840.840.880.961.050.840.501.681.681.76

0.880.840.840.880.880.88

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IS I 3792 - 1978TYPE OF MATERIAL DENSITY

Insulating MaterialsExpanded polystyreneExpanded polystyreneExpanded polystyreneFoam glassFoam glassFoam concreteFoam concreteFoam concreteCork slabCork slabCork slabRock wool ( unbonded )Rock wool ( unbonded )Mineral wool ( unbonded )Glass wool ( unbonded )Glass wool ( unbonded )Resin bonded mineral woolResin bonded mineral woolResin bonded mineral woolResin bonded glass woolResin bonded glass woolExfoliated vermiculite ( looseAsbestos mill boardHard boardStraw boardSoft boardSoft boardWall boardChip boardChip board ( perforated )Particle boardCoconut pith insulation boardJute fibreWood wool board (bonded withcement )Wood wool board (bonded withcement )Coir boardSaw dustRice husk,Jute feltAsbestos fibre ( loose )

THERMALCONDUCTI-VITY*

SPECIFIOHEAT

CAPACITY(3)

kg/ma(4)

W/C mK 1

16.0 0.03824.0 0903534.0 0.035127.0 0.056160.0 0.055320.0 0.070400.0 0.084704.0 o-149164.0 0.043192.0 0,0443040 0.05592.0 0.047150.0 0.04373.5 0.03069.0 0.043189.0 0.04048.6 0.04264.0 0.03899.0 0.03616.0 0.04024.0 0 036264.0 0.0691397.0 0 249979.0 0.279310-o 0.057320.0 0.0662490 0.047262.0 0.047432.0 0.067352.0 0 066750.0 0.098520.0 0,060

329.0 0.067398.0 0.081

(5)kJ/( W )

1.341.34l-340.750.750.920.920.920.960.960.960.840.840.920.920.921 oo1 001 oo1.001.000.880.841.421.301.301.301.261.261.261.301.091.091.13

674.0 0.108 1.1397.0 0.038 1.00188.0 0.051 l-00120.0 0.051 1.03291.0 0.042 0.88640.0 0.060 0.84

*The thermal conductivity ( k ) values have been determined by:1) Guarded Hot Plate Method, and2) ASTM Heat Flow Method.

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IS I 3792 - 1978APPENDIX D

( Clause 7.1 )EXAMPLES SHOWING CALCULATION OF THERMALTRANSMITTANCE AND THERMAL TIME CONSTANT

D-l. CALCULATION OF THERMAL TRANSMITTANCETYPICAL CASESD-l.1 Procedure

U FOR

a) Calculate thermal resistance R of each uniform material whichconstitutes the building unit as follows:R= -f-- [see Sl No. (v), Table 1 ]

whereL = thickness of material in m, andk = thermal conductivity in $&.

b) Find the total thermal resistance R, as follows:RT = L+ -- l-f RI + R2 + Rs + .....*fo fiwheref. L= utside surface conductance ( see Note ),f 1 = inside surface conductance ( see Note ), and

RI, R2, R3 = thermal resistance of different materials,NOTE -The following values of surface heat transfer coefficient and air

conductance have been taken for the computation of various parameters:a) Outside film coefficient at an air velocity of8.0 km/h (fo ) 19.86 W/( m* K )b) Inside film coefficient at still air ( fi ) 9.36 W/( mz K )c) Enclosed air space conductance [ W/( mzK ) ] For E = 0.82 For E = 0.2

1) Vertical closed air space thickness 6.22 2.72greater than 2.0 cm at 50C2) Horizontal air space thickness greaterthan 2.0 cm at 50C (heat flow downwards )

U= &W/( mzK)

6.22 204

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IS : 3792 - 1978D-1.2 Examples

Example I - To find U for 19 00 cm thick brick outside wallwith 1.00 cm thick cement plaster on both sides. provided

1 cm THICK CEMENTPLASTER

19cm THICKBRICK WALL

1) h = 0.721 W/( mK )&A= 0,811 W/( mK)ks = 0.721 W/( mK )LI = 0.01 m, L , - 0.19 m, L3 = O-01 m

0.01RI= +--= 0.721 0.013 9&= +,/%= 0.811 0.234 32R3 =A= ks j g& == 0.013 91fi- -&= 0.1068

--=f. A6= 0.050 42) R, = +;R, + R, + R3 = 0.419 33) u= -A;= Oj;9T= 2.385 W/(msK)

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IS :3792 1978Example 2 - To find U for outside wall of two layers of 9.00 cm brickwith 5 cm air gap in between and plastered with 1.00 cmthick cement plaster on both sides.

Icm THICK CEMENT

1) kl = kb = 0.721 /( mK )k2 = k4 = 0811 W/( mK )L1 = 0.01 m, L s = 009 m, L4 = 0.09 m, Ls = 0.01 mCs = 6.22 W/( msK ) ( for emissivity = 0.82 )X1 =+ 0.01=-----=0~01390.72 1

R3 1 = -= 1 0.160 8-c; 6.22R,=4= 0.09

k4 _ =o~lllo0.811& = Ls 0.01-- -= 0013 9ks 0.72 I

1 1__ = -I 0.106 8f i 9.36

2) RT = 0.567 8

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1s : 3792 - 1978Example 3 - To find U for 19.00 cm brick outside wall insulated with2.50 cm expanded polystyrene and finished on bothsides with 1.00 cm cement plaster.

1) kl= k4 = 0.721 W/( mK )ks = 0.811 W/( mK )ks = 0.035 W/( mK )& = 001 m, L, = 0.19 m, L, = 0,025 m, LA = @01 mRI p_k_ -kl -----=-O1 0.0130.72 1 9R, = +- ?;%- = 0.234 32Rs = + = Fo;+-= 0.714 3R4 = -& - -~&-- 0.013 9.1 -L -=0*106 8fj = 9.36fo= 1;86 - 0.050 42) Ryp- 1.1336

3) u= l/RT = &- 0.882 W/( m2K )

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1% 3492 - 197%Example 4 - TO find U for a 15-cm thick RCC roof slab plastered onboth sides with 1 cm thick cement plaster.

RCC SLAB1) kl = k3 = 0.721 W/( mK )

22 = 1.58 W/( mK )I= 0.01 m, L 2 = 0.15 mj L, = 0.01 mRI =+ -!i! ?!_ =0.013 90.721

LzR,= -=k2 +g- - 0.094 9R, = -2 Ik3 --=aol0.72 1 0.01391..G= g&6= 0.106 81p= 0.050 419.862) RYE 0.279 9

3) u= -Rk = 0$3T= 3,573 W/( m2K)Exam pl e 5 - To find U for a 15-cm thick RCC roof slab insulatedwith 5 cm thick expanded polystyrene and finished with

4 cm thick brick tiles on the top and 1 cm thick cementplaster on the bottom./- 5cm THICK EXPANDEDPOLYSTYRENE

Lcm THICK TILES

L15cm THICK RCC SLABlcm THICK CEMENT PLASTER

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IS : 3792 - 19781) kl = 0.798 W/( mK )

k2 = O-035 W/( mK )k, = 1.58 W/( mK )k4 = 0.721 W/( mK )L, = 0.04 m, L2 = 0.05 m, L, = 0.15 m, L4 - O-01 m

Ll 0.04Rl= -=-=kl 0.050 10.05&= +--= 0.035 1.428 6aLs 0.15Rs--=-=

R4 = ; ;ii;0,094 9

= - = 0*013 94 *

2) R, = 1.744 73) U = l/R, = &-7

= O-573 W/( m2K )

Example 6 - To find U for a roof of construction as in Example 4 andhaving a false ceiling made of two layers of 1.2 cm softboard with an air gap of 2 cm.cm THICK CEMENT PLASTER

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IS t 3792 - 19781) kl = ks = O-721 W/( mK )

ks = 1.58 W/( mK )k5 = k, = 0.047 W/( mK )c4 = cs = 6.22 W/( msK ) ( for emissivity = 0*82 )L1 = 0.01 m, La = 0.15 m, L, = 0.01 m, L5 = 0 012 m,L, = 0012 m

J +++&= 0.013 9R L2 - -=0.15 0.0949=x- 1.58Rs=--= L3 0.01 0.013 9s m-&+-= 622 0.160 8R, + -?$ = 0,255 3RB+~= 6.22 0.160 8

6R&=$= 0.255 3b7& &- =0*106 8A =&-F== 0.050 4

2) R, = 1.112 13) u = --_ E j-&

= 0.899 W/( m2K )

D-2. CALCUL ATION OF THERMAL TIME CONSTANT FORTYPICAL CASES

D-2.1 Procedure - Thermal time constant for homogeneous or compositewall or roof may be calculated from the formula given in Table 1,Sl No. (xi).36

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18 : 3792 -1978D-2.2 Examples

Example 1 -To find T for 19-cm thick brick wall provided with1.00 cm thick cement plaster on both sides.

lcm THICK CEMENTPLASTER

19cm THICKBRICK WALL

1) For cement plasterL = 0.01 mk = 0.721 W/( mK )P = 1 648 kg/m3c z.O.81 kJ /( kgK )

2) For brickL = O-19 mI; = 0.811 W/( mK )P = 1 820 kg/ msc = 0.88 kJ /( kgK )

3) For plasterL 1 p1 cl = 0.01 x 1 648 i< 0.84

= 13.843 kJ /( m2K )= 13 843 Ws/( m2K )

L1 0.01- = _------ = 0.013 9 meK/Wkl O-72137

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4) For brickL , Pz z = o* 19 x 1 820 x 0.88

= 304.304 kJ/( mzK )= 304 304 Ws/mzK

-Us 0.19= ml = O-234 3 m2 K/W

= ( -1~+~)(L,Plcl)+(~+~+~)1 8CL2 P2 c2 ) + (k + ++-;-+ 2Lkt (L 3 p3 c3)

>= ( 0.050 4 + 0.006 95 ) x 13 843 -I- ( 0.050 4 + 0.013 9 +0.117 15 ) x 304 304 + ( 0,050 4 + 0*013 9 + 0.234 3 +0.006 95 ) x 13 843= 0,057 4 x 13 843 + 0.181 5 x 304 304 + 0.305 6 x 13 843= 794.59 + 55 231.18 + 4 230.42= 60 256.19 secondszz 17 hours

Example 2 - To find I for a sloped roof of 6.25 mm AC sheets withan air gap and a false ceiling of softboard 12 mm thick.6*25mm THICK

L12mm THICK SOFT BOARD1) For AC sheet

L 1 = 0.006 25 mk l = O-245 W/( mK )p1 = 1 520 kg/maCl = 0.84 kJ/( kgK )Ll 0.006 25- = 0.245h - O-025 5L1 4 c1 = 0.006 25 x 1 520 X O-84 - 7.98 kJ/( m2K )

= 7 980 Ws/( msK )38

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1s : 3792 - 19982) For air gap

L z Pa c2 = 03) For softboard

Ls - O-012 mk3 = 0,047 W/( mK )us = 249 kg/m3cs = 1.30 kJ /( kgK )1,s 0.012-= -- e 0.255 3ks 0.047L, P3 c3 = 0.012 x 249 x 1.3= 3.884 4 kJ /( m2K )= 3 884.4 Ws/( m2K )

4) == 1 g= ($+ &)(L,w)+ (++++g)(La 4 +( A+ +++++)(L 3~w3)

= ( 0.050 4 + 0,012 75 ) x 7 980 + 0 + ( 0.050 4 0.025 50 + 0.127 65) x 3 +884.4 +

= 0.063 2 x 7 980 + 0.203 6 x 3 884.4= 503.94 + 790.86= 1 294.8 secondsz 0.36 hours.

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tNDtAN SfANbARbSON

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN BUILDINGS

IS :1950-19622440-19752526-19633103-19753362-19773483-19653792-19784954-19684963-19685499-19696060-19716074-1971

Code of practice for sound insulation of ncn-industrial buildingsCode of practice for daylighting of buildings ( second revision )Code of practice for acoustical design of auditoriums and confcrcnce hallsCode of practice for industrial ventilation ( jfirstevisionCode of practice for natural ventilation of residential buildings( firsl ?WJisionCode of practice for noise reduction in industrial buildingsGuide for heat insulation of non-industrial buildings (first revision )Recommendations for noise abatement in town planningRecommendations for buildings and facilities for the physically handi-cappedCode of practice for construction of underground air-raid shelters in naturalsoilCode of practice for daylighting of factory buildingsCode for functional requirements of hotels, restaurants and other foodservice establishments7662 ( Part I )-I974 Recommendations for orientation of buildings: Part I Non-indus-trial buildings

7942-1976 Code of practice for daylighting of educational buildings8827-1978 Recommendations for basic requirements of school buildings

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