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ํ•œ๊ตญํ•ด์–‘๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ32๊ถŒ ์ œ6ํ˜ธ, pp 411-418, 2018๋…„ 12์›” / ISSN(print) 1225-0767 / ISSN(online) 2287-6715 1. ์„œ ๋ก  ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด์˜ ๋น™ํ•ด ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2050๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด 1950๋…„๋Œ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น™ํ•ด ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์•ฝ 50% ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(NOAA, 2017). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน ๋น™ํ•ด ๋ฉด์  ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ๊ทน ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ ์  ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ ์˜ ์„์œ  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ž์› ๋งค์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งค์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 22%์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(US Congressional Hearign, 2009). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด๋ฅผ ํฌ ํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด ์—ฐ์•ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน์ง€ ์ž์› ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ง€ ๋น™ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž์› ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ์‹ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ (Station-keeping) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 1์€ 2004๋…„ ๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ Integrated ocean drilling program(IODP)์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ Original Research Article Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 32(6), 411-418 December, 2018 https://doi.org/10.26748/KSOE.2018.32.6.411 Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load Spectrum for Arctic Offshore Structures Young-Shik Kim *,*** , Jin-Ha Kim * , Kuk-Jin Kang ** , Solyoung Han **** and Jinwhan Kim *** * Offshore Plant Research Department, KRISO, Daejon, Korea ** Advanced Ship Research Department, KRISO, Daejon, Korea *** Mechanical Engineering Department, KAIST, Daejon, Korea **** Offshore Floater Research, Samsung Heavy Industries Co., LTD, Daejon, Korea ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊น€์˜์‹ *,*** โ‹…๊น€์ง„ํ•˜ * โ‹…๊ฐ•๊ตญ์ง„ ** โ‹…ํ•œ์†Œ๋ น **** โ‹…๊น€์ง„ํ™˜ *** * ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(KRISO) ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ** ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(KRISO) ์„ ๋ฐ•์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ *** ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์›(KAIST) ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ **** ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ค‘๊ณต์—…(SHI) ํ•ด์–‘๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒŒํŠธ KEY WORDS: Arctic offshore structure ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ, Ice load generation ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ, Time-domain analysis ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ํ•ด์„, Ice load spectrum ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ, Mean ice load ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ABSTRACT: This paper introduces a new method of ice load generation in the time domain for the station-keeping performance evaluation of Arctic offshore structures. This method is based on the ice load spectrum and mean ice load. Recently, there has been increasing interest in Arctic offshore technology for the exploration and exploitation of the Arctic region because of the better accessibility to the Arctic ocean provided by the global warming effect. It is essential to consider the ice load during the development of an Arctic offshore structure. In particular, when designing a station-keeping system for an Arctic offshore structure, a consideration of the ice load acting on the vessel in the time domain is essential to ensure its safety and security. Several methods have been developed to consider the ice load in the time domain. However, most of the developed methods are computationally heavy because they consider every ice floe in the sea ice field to calculate the ice load acting on the vessel. In this study, a new approach to generate the ice load in the time domain with computational efficiency was suggested, and its feasibility was examined. The ice load spectrum and mean ice load were acquired from a numerical analysis with GPU-event mechanics (GEM) software, and the ice load with the varying heading of a vessel was reconstructed to show the feasibility of the proposed method. Received 23 July 2018, revised 6 November 2018, accepted 13 December 2018 Corresponding author Jinwhan Kim: +82-42-350-1519, [email protected] ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-2449 โ“’ 2018, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 411
Transcript
Page 1: Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load ...412 Young-Shik Kim et al. Fig. 1 Arctic station-keeping operation of a drillship with ice- management support by icebreakers

ํ•œ๊ตญํ•ด์–‘๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ์ œ32๊ถŒ ์ œ6ํ˜ธ, pp 411-418, 2018๋…„ 12์›” / ISSN(print) 1225-0767 / ISSN(online) 2287-6715

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด์˜ ๋น™ํ•ด ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ

๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2050๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด 1950๋…„๋Œ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น™ํ•ด

๋ฉด์ ์ด ์•ฝ 50% ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(NOAA, 2017).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน ๋น™ํ•ด ๋ฉด์  ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ

์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ

์ ์ธ ๋ถ๊ทน ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ ์  ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ

์˜ ์„์œ  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ž์› ๋งค์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งค์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 22%์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ

์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(US Congressional Hearign,

2009). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ฑด ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด๋ฅผ ํฌ

ํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด ์—ฐ์•ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน์ง€ ์ž์› ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ

๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทน์ง€ ๋น™ํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž์› ํƒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ์‹

๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€

(Station-keeping) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 1์€ 2004๋…„ ๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ

์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ Integrated ocean drilling program(IODP)์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜

Original Research Article Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 32(6), 411-418 December, 2018https://doi.org/10.26748/KSOE.2018.32.6.411

Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load Spectrum for Arctic Offshore Structures

Young-Shik Kim*,***, Jin-Ha Kim*, Kuk-Jin Kang**, Solyoung Han**** and Jinwhan Kim ***

*Offshore Plant Research Department, KRISO, Daejon, Korea**Advanced Ship Research Department, KRISO, Daejon, Korea***Mechanical Engineering Department, KAIST, Daejon, Korea

****Offshore Floater Research, Samsung Heavy Industries Co., LTD, Daejon, Korea

๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๊น€์˜์‹*,***โ‹…๊น€์ง„ํ•˜*โ‹…๊ฐ•๊ตญ์ง„**โ‹…ํ•œ์†Œ๋ น****โ‹…๊น€์ง„ํ™˜ ***

*์„ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(KRISO) ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€**์„ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(KRISO) ์„ ๋ฐ•์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€

***ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์›(KAIST) ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ****์‚ผ์„ฑ์ค‘๊ณต์—…(SHI) ํ•ด์–‘๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒŒํŠธ

KEY WORDS: Arctic offshore structure ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ, Ice load generation ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ, Time-domain analysis ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ํ•ด์„, Ice load spectrum ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ, Mean ice load ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

ABSTRACT: This paper introduces a new method of ice load generation in the time domain for the station-keeping performance evaluation of

Arctic offshore structures. This method is based on the ice load spectrum and mean ice load. Recently, there has been increasing interest in Arctic offshore technology for the exploration and exploitation of the Arctic region because of the better accessibility to the Arctic ocean provided by the global warming effect. It is essential to consider the ice load during the development of an Arctic offshore structure. In particular, when designing

a station-keeping system for an Arctic offshore structure, a consideration of the ice load acting on the vessel in the time domain is essential to ensure its safety and security. Several methods have been developed to consider the ice load in the time domain. However, most of the developed methods are computationally heavy because they consider every ice floe in the sea ice field to calculate the ice load acting on the vessel. In this

study, a new approach to generate the ice load in the time domain with computational efficiency was suggested, and its feasibility was examined. The ice load spectrum and mean ice load were acquired from a numerical analysis with GPU-event mechanics (GEM) software, and the ice load with the varying heading of a vessel was reconstructed to show the feasibility of the proposed method.

Received 23 July 2018, revised 6 November 2018, accepted 13 December 2018

Corresponding author Jinwhan Kim: +82-42-350-1519, [email protected] ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-2449

โ“’ 2018, The Korean Society of Ocean EngineersThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits

unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

411

Page 2: Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load ...412 Young-Shik Kim et al. Fig. 1 Arctic station-keeping operation of a drillship with ice- management support by icebreakers

412 Young-Shik Kim et al.

Fig. 1 Arctic station-keeping operation of a drillship with ice-

management support by icebreakers (Source: IODP): a

drilling platform Vidar Viking in the foreground, and

icebreakers Oden and Sovetskiy Soyuz in the background

managing the drifting sea ice by breaking ice floes to keep

the position of the drilling platform stable

์‡„๋น™์„ (Iebreaker)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋น™ํ•ด๊ด€๋ฆฌ(Ice-management) ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์ถ”

์ง„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋™์ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Dynamic positioning

system)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น™ํ•ด์—์„œ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฆด์‰ฝ

(Drillship) ์„ ๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Moran et al., 2006). ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด

๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ๋น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๊ทน์ง€ ํ•ด์–‘์—์„œ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด

์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋น™์„ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠน

ํžˆ ์„ ์ฒด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ•ด๋น™์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘(ice load)์€ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜

์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ

๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

(Mooring system)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๋™์ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Dynamic

positioning system)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋™์ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„

์น˜์œ ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ(Time-domain) ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ณ ๋ ค

๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€

ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ

์  ์‡„๋น™์„  ์•„๋ผ์˜จ(Araon)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‡„๋น™์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์‹,

๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜, ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ„์ธก์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ

๋‹ค(Lee et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2014). ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฝํ—˜

์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”

๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Kim and Lee, 2018).

๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ

๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด

์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ๋น™(Ice floe)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด๋™

์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋น™-์œ ๋น™ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ, ์œ ๋น™-๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘

์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์„ ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ถ”์ •

ํ•˜๋Š” Discrete element method(DEM) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜

์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ DEM ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ๋น™ ์šด๋™์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ 

์œ ๋น™ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŽ์€

๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค(Lรธset, 1994; Kjerstad and

Skjetne, 2014; Kjerstad et al., 2015). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ถ”์ • ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด

์„๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์œ ๋น™-์œ ๋น™ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋น™-๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ฝํ•œ

์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ถ€๋™์†Œ์ˆ˜

์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Graphics processing unit(GPU)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ

์— ์ง์ ‘ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” GPU-event-mechanics(GEM)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค

(Daley et al., 2012; Daley et al., 2014a). Daley ๋“ฑ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทธ

๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ GEM์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์œ ์‹ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘

๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์•ฝ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•ฝ 36

์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” LS-DYNA ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ DEM์œผ๋กœ

๋™์ผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์ผ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋จ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

(Daley, et al., 2014b).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„

์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘(Mean ice load)๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™

ํ•˜์ค‘(Oscillatory ice load)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น™ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ

๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์šด๋™ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ(Ice load spectrum)์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ

๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์šด๋™ ์กฐ๊ฑด

์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํš๋“ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™

ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ

ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ฉ

์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํš๋“ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„

๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.1 ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„

์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(Korea Research Institute of Ships

and Ocean Engineering, KRISO) ๋น™ํ•ด์ˆ˜์กฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์„

ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ˜• ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 2์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๋น™ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋น™๊ด€๋ฆฌ(Ice

management) ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํฐ ํ•ด๋น™๋“ค์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น™ํŽธ๋“ค๋กœ

๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ๋น™ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด(Managed ice field)์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์€ 200m

๊ธ‰ ๊ทน์ง€์šฉ ํƒฑ์ปค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ˜•๋น™์€ ๋น™ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„

(Ice concentration ratio) 10/10์˜ Pre-swan ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น™ ๋‘๊ป˜(Ice

thickness) 1.7m, ๋น™ ๊ฐ•๋„(Ice strength) 1.2MPa์ด๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋น™ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์†

๋„๋Š” 0.13m/s์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์€ KRISO ๋น™ํ•ด์ˆ˜์กฐ Pre-swan ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œ

ํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Kim et al., 2018; Jeong et al., 2011).

์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋น™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด

์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „ํ›„๋™์š”(Surge) ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„

์—ด์„ Fig. 2 ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—ญ ๋ถ„์„

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ฐ€๋„(Power spectral density, PSD)๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜

ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด

์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท (Moving average)์„ ์ทจํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ฐ€๋„

(Moving average filtered power spectral density, MAF PSD)๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ

์— ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์€

ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Page 3: Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load ...412 Young-Shik Kim et al. Fig. 1 Arctic station-keeping operation of a drillship with ice- management support by icebreakers

Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load Spectrum for Arctic Offshore Structures 413

Fig. 2 Measured ice load in model test and its power spectral

density

2.2 ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€

์•Š๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ(Current force)๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ

(First order wave exciting force) ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ

๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ์„

์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—

์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ์€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์†๋„์™€ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ž…์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(Current

force coefficients)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

(1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚ด๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์ด๊ณ , ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์†๋„์ด๋‹ค.

, ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ˜์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ์„ ํ˜•์˜ ์ „ํ›„๋™์š”(Surge)

Fig. 3 Current force coefficients and the definition of relative

current angle

๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋™์š”(Sway) ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํˆฌ์˜๋ฉด์ (Projection area)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์€

์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ด๋‹ค. , , ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ „ํ›„๋™์š”, ์ขŒ์šฐ๋™์š”,

์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๋ชธ์ฒด๊ณ ์ •์ขŒ

ํ‘œ๊ณ„(Body-fixed coordinate)์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜

Fig. 3์€ ์„ ๋ฐ• ํ˜•์ƒ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ

์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๋˜๋Š” CFD

(Computational fluid dynamics) ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ 

์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€

์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‚ด์‚ฝ(Interpolation) ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ์‚ฝ

(Extrapolation)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค(Fossen, 2011).

ํŒŒ๋ž‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ง„๋˜๋Š” 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ํ‘œ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ๊ณ ์™€ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ

์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ ํ˜•์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜(Linear

transfer function, LTF)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

โˆ†

cos sin

(2)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Š” -์šด๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ,

์ผ ๋•Œ ์ „ํ›„๋™์š”, ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋™์š”, ์ผ ๋•Œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

(a) Real part (b) Imaginary part

Fig. 4 Linear transfer function (LTF) for 1st wave force in surge direction: (a) real part of the LTF, (b) imaginary part of the LTF

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414 Young-Shik Kim et al.

์˜ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ํŒŒ๋ž‘์„ ์ •

์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ(Wave spectrum)์ด๊ณ , ํŒŒ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ด

๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋œ ํŒŒ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ํŒŒ

๋ž‘์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ญ Fourier ๋ณ€ํ™˜(Inverse Fourier transform)์ด

์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”

๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. โˆ† ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ

๋‹ค. ๊ณผ

๋Š” -์šด๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ์„

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ถ€(Real part)์™€ ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋ถ€(Imaginary

part)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜•์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์™€ ๋Š”

-๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์›์ง„๋™์ˆ˜(Circular frequency)์™€ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ž…์‚ฌ

๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์™€ ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ -๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ

(Phase)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜

๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌํ…”์…œ(Potential) ํ•ด์„ S/W๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š”

๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ Fig. 4๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ˜• ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ›„

๋™์š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜•์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ

๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€ ์„ ํ˜•์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™

์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ Fourier ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •์˜๋จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ(Yaw) ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ

ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ

๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(Fossen, 2011).

2.3 ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์•ž์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ ฅ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ํŒŒ๋ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ ฅ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‹์œผ๋กœ

์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

โˆ† cos(3)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ -์šด๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋Š” ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ , ์œ ๋น™ ์ƒ

๋Œ€์†๋„ , ๋น™ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‘๊ป˜ , ๋น™ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ•๋„ , ๋น™ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„

์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™

ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋“ค ์™ธ์— ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

๋ณ€๋™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์›์ง„๋™์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •

์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์œผ

๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ (3)์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ ์€ ํ‰

๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ์€ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์— ๊ธฐ

๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์šด์šฉ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ๋น™ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜

์—ˆ๊ณ  ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‹ (3)์€ ์‹ (4)์™€

๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋น™ํ•ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€

์†๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค

๋ฅธ ๋น™ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋“ค์ธ ๋น™ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‘๊ป˜, ๋น™ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ•๋„, ๋น™ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„ ๋“ฑ

์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋น™์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜

๊ฐ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์€ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ ๋งŒ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ตฌ

์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์€ ๋ณ€๋™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์™€ ์œ ๋น™

์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ ๋งŒ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

โ‰ˆ

โˆ† cos (4)

2.4 ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„

์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ

์˜ 2.1์ ˆ์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ KRISO ๋น™ํ•ด์ˆ˜์กฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ 200m๊ธ‰ ๊ทน์ง€

์šฉ ํƒฑ์ปค์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์ธกํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ˜• ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „ํ›„๋™์š” ๋ฐฉ

ํ–ฅ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ

๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 5์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์„ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Table 1์— ์ •

๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ „ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์น˜

๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋น„

์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ์Šค

ํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด

์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”

ํ•ด๋น™์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ ฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ

์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Table 1์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‰

๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘(Mean ice load), ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹คํšจ๊ฐ’(Root mean square of

ice load), ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ(Standard deviation of ice load), ์ตœ๋Œ€

๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘(Maximum ice load) ๋“ฑ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด

์•ฝ 5% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”

๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ๋•Œ Fig. 3์— ๋ณด์ธ ๋ชธ์ฒด๊ณ ์ •์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„(Body-fixed

coordinate system)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์„ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉ

ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์Œ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ง€ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ 

์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜

๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”

์ •๋„์™€ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์žฅ

Fig. 5 Measured ice load in a model test in ice tank of KRISO

and reconstructed ice load with the proposed ice load

reconstruction method

Page 5: Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load ...412 Young-Shik Kim et al. Fig. 1 Arctic station-keeping operation of a drillship with ice- management support by icebreakers

Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load Spectrum for Arctic Offshore Structures 415

๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์„ฑ

๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์œ ๋น™์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜

๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์žฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋น™์ด ์„ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 

์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋ณธ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž์ด๋‹ค.

๋น™ํžˆ์ค‘ ์ถ”์ • ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ GEM์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Han et

al.(2017)์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ทน์ง€์šฉ Floating production storage and offloading

(FPSO)์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ

๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Han et al.(2017)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด

๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ 240m๊ธ‰ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ˜• ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด

์„ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 6์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋น™ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋„ 8/10, ๋น™ ๋‘๊ป˜ 1m, ๋น™ ๊ฐ•๋„ 2MPa์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋น™

Fig. 6 Simulated ice load by GEM software and reconstructed ice

load with the proposed ice load reconstruction method

์ง„ํ–‰ ์†๋„๋Š” 0.5m/s๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ Table 3์— ์ •๋ฆฌ

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€

๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ€๋„

์™€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€

์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„

์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํš๋“๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ

ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ์ƒ์„ฑ

๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Table 2์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’, ์‹คํšจ๊ฐ’, ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“ 

ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 3% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„

ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋น™

ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„

์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ž˜ ์žฌ

ํ˜„๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด

์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„

์•ฝ 5% ์ด๋‚ด ์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์žฌํ˜„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ

์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰

๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€

๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์—์„œ ์œ ํšจ

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ

์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ

๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ GEM์„ ์ด

์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Han et al.(2017)์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ง€

ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Items UnitMeasured ice load in a model test

(A)Reconstructed ice load

(B)Error (B-A)/A

[%]

Mean ice load [kN] 1,962 1,947 -0.76

Root mean square of ice load [kN] 2,540 2,505 -1.38

Standard deviation of ice load [kN] 1,613 1,577 -2.23

Maximum ice load [kN] -7,046 -6,712 -4.74

Table 1 Statistical comparison between measured ice load from a model test and reconstructed ice load by the proposed ice load

reconstruction method

Items UnitSimulated ice load by GEM

(A)Reconstructed ice load

(B)Error (B-A)/A

[%]

Mean ice load [kN] -63.89 -65.52 2.55

Root mean square of ice load [kN] 70.71 72.47 2.49

Standard deviation of ice load [kN] 30.32 31.00 2.24

Maximum ice load [kN] -174.81 -178.76 2.26

Table 2 Statistical comparison between the simulated ice load by GEM software and reconstructed ice load by the proposed ice load

reconstruction method

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416 Young-Shik Kim et al.

3.1 ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

Han et al.(2017)์€ GEM ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Table 3์— ์ •

๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋น™ํ•ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ˜• ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™

(a) Mean ice load in the surge direction

(b) Mean ice load in the sway direction

(c) Mean ice load in the yaw direction

Fig. 7 Mean ice load with the angle of attack by the ice floe

drifting

Table 3 The ice condition for the numerical ice load anlysis by

the GEM software

Items Unit Value

Ice drift speed in average [m/s] 0.5

Ice thickness in average [m] 1

Ice strength in average [Mpa] 2

Ice concentration ratio 8/10

ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์ฒด๊ณ ์ • ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 180ยฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 130ยฐ๊นŒ

์ง€ 10ยฐ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ( )์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์„ ๋ฐ•

ํ˜• ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ขŒ์šฐ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 130ยฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 230ยฐ๊นŒ

์ง€ 10ยฐ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig.

7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜

์šด์šฉ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ๋น™ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ‰๊ท 

๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ค์ง ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ

ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘

์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š”๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„

๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, GEM ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ 

์ˆ˜๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ GEM ์ถ”์ • ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํš๋“ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•

๋ณด๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์›Œ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๋ฐ€๋„

๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 2-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ณก๋ฉด ๊ทธ

๋ž˜ํ”„(2-parameter surface)๋กœ ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€

๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ˜• ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 130ยฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ

230ยฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 10ยฐ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ํŒŒ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ(Wave spectrum)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ

๋ž‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ์‹œ ์ถ”์ฒœ๋˜๋Š” 100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ

์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๋„ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํ™•๋ณด

ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ์šด๋™์ด ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ

์šฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ์šด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ

์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Fig. 9์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆ

๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘์„ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™

ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋น™์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ผ

์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ

์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์€ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™

์š” ์šด๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ์šด๋™์—

๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ Fig. 9์˜ (a)์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ์šด๋™์€ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ

ยฑ40ยฐ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์žฅ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •

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Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load Spectrum for Arctic Offshore Structures 417

(a) Ice load spectrum (power spectral density) in the surge direction

(b) Ice load spectrum (power spectral density) in the sway direction

(c) Ice load spectrum (power spectral density) in the yaw direction

Fig. 8 Ice load spectrum (power spectral density) with the angle

of attack by the ice floe drifting

(a) The angle of attack of the drifting ice by changing yaw motion of the vessel

(b) Generated ice load in the surge direction

(c) Generated ice load in the sway direction

(d) Generated ice load in the yaw direction

Fig. 9 Ice load generated in time-domain by the proposed ice

load generation method based on the mean ice load and

the ice load spectrum

ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ด 140ยฐ์—์„œ 220ยฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 

๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ •๋œ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—

์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ „ํ›„๋™์š”, ์ขŒ์šฐ๋™์š”, ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜

์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Fig. 9์˜ (b), (c), (d)์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์š” ์šด๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ ๋ณ€

ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„

๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ

์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ

๋™์ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ

๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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418 Young-Shik Kim et al.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™

์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ

์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ™œ์šฉ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด

์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘(Mean ice load)๊ณผ

๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘(Oscillatory ice load)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋น™

์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •

์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ž…๋œ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ

๋ณ€๋™ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์šด๋™ ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ฆ‰ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ

๋ฅธ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทน

์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์šด๋™ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„

๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, GEM ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ๋น™ ์ž…์‚ฌ

์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ

๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜

์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด

์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—

์„œ ์šด๋™์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ทน์ง€ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์œ„

์น˜์œ ์ง€์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘ ์ƒ์„ฑ

์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ญ ๋น™ํ•˜์ค‘

ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ฃผ์š”์‚ฌ์—… โ€˜์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๋น™ํ•ด์—ญ

์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™” ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์ถ•(2/3)โ€™๊ณผ์ œ

(PES9452)์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์‚ฐ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์ง€์›์˜ โ€˜์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์™€ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ARC7 ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ค‘์šด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜

๋ถ€์œ ์‹ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํ˜•์ƒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€™๊ณผ์ œ(10063405, PNS3170)์˜ ์ง€์›

์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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