Ici final project

ICI | Final Project | Construction Proposal Report | CHIN KHANG WEI | WONG QIN KAI

1 | P a g e School of Architecture • Building • Design | FNBE AUG 2014 | Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus

FNBE August Intake 2014

Introduction to Construction Industry

Final Project Report

Wong Qin Kai (0320024) - Proposal 1

Chin Khang Wei (0320728) - Proposal 2

Project Category: Commercial Area



Small Construction Project on an empty land

Introduction of the project:

This is our final project in Introduction to Construction Industry (ICI). In these projects, we are

required to pair up with another to complete this project. This project involves the design, funding

and construction of a small construction project on a 30m x 30m empty land within Malaysia. In this

project, we can experience the role of different specialist such as the architecture, quantity

surveyor, engineer and developer that work in a construction project. Besides, we can have a

clearer mind on the procedure involve getting project approval from the local authority.

Description of the site

The site we choose is situated at JalanDeshon,96000 Sibu Sarawak. The site of land is

around 30m x 40m. Actually this site is a bare land which abandoned 2 years ago as

the price of it is too expensive. We feel that this site hasunlimitedhidden potential as

it is surrounded by residential area and there is a lot of people passing around this

siteevery day. Furthermore, this site is found in Sibu which is the capital of Sarawak

and has the densest population in the state.

(refer to appendix for more picture on the site)



Site Location:

Site Analysis –Observation on the site

The site we choose is only a bare land with lots of weeds, trees, and domestic rubbish

as well. The residents nearby use this land as a temporary car park for their car. We

The site of our land The zoomed out view of our land



also found out that the soil structure there is a bit soft. The land we selected is totally

flat and has no slope on it, hence the site don’t have topography on it.

Site Analysis –Amenities of the site

There are two amenities found within 1 km from the site, which is:

The Shopping Mall – Delta Mall is from 590m from the site.

Methodist Church –Hwai Ang Methodist Church is 340.57m from the site.



Site Analysis – Microclimate and Air Circulation on the site

Site Analysis –Situation and condition on the site

Since the land we chosen is situated in the middle of the residential area, hence

there is no traffic congestion around this area. The noise level here is also low which

shows a reading of below 40 dB at all time. A portion of the site is sometimes

occupied by the elders to do exercise and the children are there as well for outdoor

activities.

Prospective Value of the Site

After doing site analysis, we found out that there is no any recreational area around

the town. There is also limited commercial area within the walk-able range around

the area.

Furthermore, since the site is surrounded by residential area, the residents there will

become the potential customers and visitors to our newly proposed area.



Proposal 1: Commercial Area

What is Commercial Area?

Commercial area is used for commercial activities. It included the buying and

selling of goods and services in retail businesses, wholesale buying and selling,

and financial establishments that are widely known as "business".

Commercialactivities use only a small amount of land but they are extremely

important to a community’s economy. Commercial activities are used to making

money & profits and provide jobs for them.

Examples of commercial area

Café

Shopping complex

Bank

Stationery shop

Dining area

Services station

Office complex

Warehouse

Airport

Business park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retail

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholesale

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy



Types of buildings that had chosen

Suggestion: Dining Area

Rationale:

After buying the requirement they can have dinner at here directly. Inside the caf

é also provide some ATM to cope with lack of money. They provide western foods,

northern foods and some vegetarian diets.

Decoration:

White colour is the theme colour in this café.It looked luxury and newness.In

front of the café also provide a vintage car for customer to take picture



Zoning Of the Construction Project

Prospective View



Perspective View

Ground Level

Upper Level



Material used in the construction

Object :Bean bed

Quantity:10

Rationale: The bean bag chair is the best

ergonomic furniture as it can improve our

incorrect sitting postures. It’s also comfortable

than other normal chairs.

Object: Reading Sofa

Quantity: 5

Rationale: A space for student and senior

citizens to read the books and

newspaper.It also can use to relax.



Object :Dinner Sofa

Quantity:30

Rationale: Good design for family to gather and

having their dinner,it also comfortable than other

normal dinner table.

Object : Decoration plants

Quantity: 20

Rationale: Put them around the café. It is easy

to maintain. It also can indicate the beauty of

the café and attract people to come.

Object: Water lily Light

Quantity: 20

Rationale: It looked luxury and romantic .It also

can save the electricity. The cost of it is very

reasonable.



Object : Drawer Cabinet

Quantity : 2

Rationale: Use to put all the spoons &

forks.To ensure no occupy too much

space.It can collect variouskind of

things.

Object :Stair

Quantity : 1

Rational : It looked luxury and unique so we

decided to choose this stair for our café. It

uses to connect ground level and upper level.

It looked simply and also spacious.

Object :Wall Light

Quantity :20

Rationale : After consulted, we had decided to

choose this wall light as when in night ,it can provide

a beautiful effects which really makes people feel

relax and comfortable. It also save energy.



Object : Tree

Quantity: 5

Rationale: Plant it around the ground level to

ensure it can provide enough sunlight for our

dining area.It also can provide fresh air and

help us to withstand the sunlight and wind.

Object : Shrub

Quantity :10

Rationale: Plant it on upper level .It looked

cute and beautiful and also can indicate how

beautiful of the café.



Construction details of staircase.



Costing

Bill of Materials

Item Rate(RM)

Quantity Amount

HARDSCAPE WORK Bean Beg 250 10 2,500 Reading Sofa 500 5 2,500 Dinner Sofa 300 30 9,000 Decoration Plant 200 20 4,000 Water lily Light Drawer Cabinet Stair Wall Light

150 700 4,000 200

20 2 1

20

3,000 1,400 4,000 4,000

SOFTSCAPE WORK Tree 120 5 600 Shrub 80 10 800

Total 6,500 123 31,800

Bill of Maintenance(Monthly)

Item Rate (RM) Quantity Amount

Cleaner 2,000 4 8,000 Waitress 3,000 15 45,000 Security 800 4 3,200 Workers 1,200 4 4,800

Total 7,000 27 61,000



Proposal 2: Commercial Area

Reasons:

The reasons on why we proposed a commercial areathere mainly because the selected land is surrounded by

the residents. Based on our site visit, there is no any commercial building available on the selected area. We

feel that there is hidden potential to attract the residents and as well as the people outside to this site if we

develop this land as commercial area.

Suggestion:

We propose to build a big food court that can house about 500 people at the same time.To fully utilize the

land, the building is built in 2-storey where the ground floor serve as the food court and the second floor

serve as family entertainment centre and gym centre. The food court will be an open-aired one where the

customers can enjoy their meals under the sky. An open-air food court at the same time will also become

the main attraction for the food court. There will also be some shop lots built around the food court for the

convenience of the customers here.

Project Objectives:

The project needs to be able to respond to the aims of the client and should be able to embody and deliver

the following objective and characteristics:

People can enjoy their meal in comfortable space.

Provide a green view on the area.

Give convenience to the residents nearby.

Develop the area near the selected land.

Fully utilize the bare and empty land.

Does not cause disturbance to the residential area.

Provide job opportunity.

Provide a space for community to get closer to each other.

Produce higher complexity, safety level, and attractiveness to the area.



Proposed zoning of the food court: Proposed floor plan of the food court:

Ideas of the proposed food court:

1) Proposed Car Park

The car park is landscape with trees, and shrubs. The parking lot is in standard size of 3.5m x 6m. The road

for the car park will be around 4m wide which can make 2 cars passes on the same time. There will be one

entrance on North-East, one exit on East-Southand a one-way road for the cars. This design is similar to the

petrol stations to reduce the traffic congestion.

Car Park

Hawker Stalls

Toilets

Grassed car-park Grass Landscaped Car Park



2) Proposed First Floor

The food court will be the open-aired. The roof of the food court can be slide to open or close when

necessary with the mechanism as shown. The area of floors on the top around the dining space is removed

so that the people dining there can directly look up to the sky when the roof is opened. Furthermore, we will

build a mini water fountain on the centre to become a side attraction for the food court. Blossom of flower,

shrubs and trees will be planted around the food court as well.

3) Proposed Second Floor

The floor plan of the second floor will be in “U”-shaped. This is because the area in the middle floor is

removed so that people on the ground floor able to look up to the sky without any blockage. The “U”-shaped

second floor is separated into left wing and right wing. The left wing serves as the family entertainment

centre where there are karaoke, snooker, cyber café and other facilities provided. On the right wing, we

proposed to build a gym centre. The wall of the second floor will be the glasses one to give a larger space

feel by the people.

Prospective view of the food court Prospective view of the hawker stall

Area of floors on the top around the dining space is removed The view of second floor from the ground floor



Proposed materials used for the project:

We proposed two different type of building materials for this project and are up to client’s choice.

a) Steel and prefabrication

Steel building is a metal structure fabricated with steel for the internal support and for exterior cladding, as

opposed to steel framed buildings which generally use other materials for floors, walls, and external

envelope. Whereas in prefabricated construction, only the foundations are constructed on the site, while

sections of walls, floors and roof are prefabricated (assembled) in a factory (possibly with window and door

frames included), transported to the site, lifted into place by a crane and bolted together.

Our first proposal of the structure of the roof and the wall of the food court will be this steel and

prefabrication.

Compare to the other building materials, steel provides several advantages such as:

Steel is a "green" product; it is structurally sound and manufactured to strict specifications and

tolerances. It is also energy efficient. Any excess material is 100% recyclable.

Steel does not warp, buckle, twist or bend, and is therefore easy to modify and offers design

flexibility. Steel is also easy to install.

Steel is cost effective and rarely fluctuates in price.

Steel allows for improved quality of construction and less maintenance, while offering improved

safety and resistance.

With the propagation of mold and mildew in residential buildings, using steel minimizes these

infestations. Mold needs moist, porous material to grow. Steel studs do not have those problems.

Reducing the amount of emissions in the concrete manufacturing process.

b) Reinforcement concrete

Reinforced concrete is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile

strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength and

ductility.

The second choices will be this reinforcement concrete. Below are the advantages and

disadvantages using reinforced concrete:

The structure layout with steel Process involving fabrication method



Advantages

Require very low maintenance

Able to mould to any shape required.

It is very durable and fire resistant

Disadvantages

Failure in concrete structures can occur during construction, pulling down the progression of

construction.

Expensive

Bad Ventilation

Ventilation of the proposed food court:

To build a food court, we understand that good air ventilation is necessary to comfort the people who have

their meals here. There is several way of air-ventilation in the food court which includes,

- Building a window near to the roof to create cross ventilation.

Fresh concrete being poured into a framework

containing steel rebar

Structure Layout using reinforced concrete

Proposed air ventilation system for the building



- The main entrances and exits of the food court is not sealed and is totally open spaced (wall

removed) to ensure better air ventilation.

- Install industrial mist fan around the food court.

- Install exhausted fan on every hawker stall to suck out the smoke, fumes and oil from the cooking.

- There are several exits on the food court to improve the air flow in the food court

- Removes area of floors on the top around the dining space.

- The proposed food court will be an open-aired one. The rooftop of the food court can opened and

closed when necessary.

Industrial Mist Fan Exhausted Fan

The concept of open air food makes it a desirable place for dining. But due to the climate in Malaysia, open

air food court is not likely to be built. The open air food court might keep the visitors unprotected from rain

and the frequency of the rainfall will even cause the food court unable to operate smoothly while

interrupting the visitors from enjoying their meal. During the daytime, the sunlight and the temperature will

also cause the visitor to feel uneasy when they are dining. The combination of these factors will be the big

flaws of open air food court. Therefore, a retraceable roof is introduced into the open air food court in order

to minimize the weakness of it. The retractable roof will be able protect the visitor from unnecessary

exposure to sunlight and rainwater. The retraceable roof will keep open when the weather is ideal to offer

the visitor the advantage of open air food court while keeping close when the weather is extreme.



Green feature on the proposed food court:

To show a consideration in taking care of the nature, we also suggest the following:

- No air-conditioner will be used for the food court as using air-conditioner will release

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which causes the thinning of the ozone layer. We are confident that the air

ventilation work we proposed is enough to keep the food court cool and comfortable to the people

in there.

- Shrubs and trees are used to landscape the car park as well surrounding the food court. This

landscape will give a pleasant eye view to the people, separate the noise and smell between the

food court and the residential area around, as well as to act as a filter to clean the smoke and fumes

of cooking from the food court.

- We also suggest building a small garden on the rooftop of the food court which is open to the public.

By doing this, it can become another main attraction for the people to came and at the same time

fully utilizes the target land.

Residential Area

Vertical Screen

Proposed food court



Technical issues on the proposed food court:

Issues Actions / Suggestions Reasons / Justifications

Car Park

Clearly marked spaces. Avoid confusion.

Providing diagonal 60o spaces parking block. Easily parked spaces.

One-way road on the car park. For safety and reduce the congestion of the road.

Lighting

Use energy saving fluorescent lamp. Save energy.

Use mirror reflector on the lamp holder. Increase overall brightness by reflection.

Use warm white coloured lamp mixing with orange coloured lamp.

Giving the people a bright surrounding and at the same time relaxing ambience.

Dining Spaces

Every round table is about 48 inches in diameter.

To provide spacious dining for at most 5 - 6pax of people

There are about 30 inches of spaces between the tables.

To provide sufficient spaces for people to sit and walk round.

Wall of the building

Inner wall: A layer of drywall is applied over the existing wall and with viscos-elastic coating.

To reduce the noise in the food court spreading out to the residential area.

Outer wall: Painted with soft and dark colour paint such as grey colour.

To reduce the glare and reflection which causes heat to the residential area.



Justification and Comparison between Proposal

Similarities

Proposed commercial area

Embedded green feature in it

Able to generate income

Enhance the value of the site

Bring convenience to the residents

Differences

Proposal 1 (Café) Proposal 2 (Food Court) Cleaner and tidy environment Get dirty over time

Quiet and peaceful environment Noisy and heaving

Number of people is greatly limited, hence not crowded

Can host up to 500 people, hence the place will be very crowded

Increase aesthetics value of the area with its luxury look

Big and bulky design of food court

Comparatively smaller building Comparatively bigger building Have more spaces for parking lot The food court occupied more spaces,

hence not enough parking lot.

Rationale

We choose to initiate our site as a café based on several justifications and reasons,

such as:

To minimize the disturbance to the residents when the commercial area operates.

Avoid any possibilities that can cause traffic congestion on the area.

Prefer a normal sized crowd in the area.

Elegant and high-class view of the café.



Overview

We provide a comfortable space for customers to have their meal in our café. In

the corner of the café, there is a reading area with a big reading sofa. Student can do

their assignments there while the people can read there while enjoying their coffee..

In the café, we have smoking zone, non-smoking zone and cyber room for customers.

Our café have 2 levels. The upper level is well-landscaped with plants and flowers

to give a romantic and relaxing view. This is a great place not only for couples dating;

as a hanging out spot with friends; and people can have their celebration event such

as birthday here.

Benefits

The residents here will be more convenience to get their meal nearby their house.

Provide jobs opportunity.

Enhance the value of the place to make the city prospered anyway.

Improve interactions between people.

Attract outsider to this area.

Provide a good venue for couples, a group of friends and for organizing events.

Plants and trees planted there act as green lung to the area.

Impacts

Residents disturbed by the lighting and noise from the café.

Pollute the surrounding air by releasing smoke, fume and the oil in the air

Sound pollution during the construction work.



Project Constraints:

Time Constraint:

Task Expected Milestone

Project planning and design completed 18 September 2014

Approval from local authority obtained 15 December 2014

Project planning and design finalized 19 December 2014

Project Execution 22 December 2014

Project Completion 31 July 2015

Financial Constraint:

Minimum Wages Workers minimum wages is MYR 900.00

Expected Budget MYR 200,000 – MYR 230,000

Funding from Government - N/A -

Resources constraint:

Human Resources

Working Hour All workers can only work at maximum 7 hours per

day. Over-time (OT) will be counted in the extra

working time.

Equipment

Electrical power tool, chain or circular saw,

gas or air compressor, pneumatic power

tool, hammer and any other impacting tool

using hour.

Monday - Friday (8am-7pm)

Public Holidays and Weekends (9am – 7pm)

(The time should be follow at all time to minimize the

disturbance to the residential area)

Materials

Concrete and bricks Not allowed if the fall-height is more than 60cm



Project Assumption:

Assumption Priority Impact Confidence

Obtained approval from local authority High High High

Funding from project sponsors Medium High High

Sufficient man-power High High Medium

Construction reached the expected milestones and schedule

Medium Medium Medium

Material and equipment supply from provider High Medium High

Project Risk:

Risk Impact Probability Solution Suggested

Insufficient Budget High Low Quantity Surveyor will provide the latest budget planning and advices from time to time

Failure to complete on time

High Medium The construction projects have to refer and follow the project schedule

Insufficient Supply High Low Cooperate with more than one sub-contractor

Insufficient man-power

High Medium Majority of the workers have cooperate before

Injuries and casualties happen in the site

High High Contractors have to ensure all the workers follow the safety measure in the site.



Estimated Project Schedule

Phase

Nov-2014

Dec-2014

Jan-2014

Feb-2015

Mar-2015

Apr-2015

May-

2015 Jun-

2015 Jul-

2015

1 Apply for permit

Submission to local Authority through OCS

Obtain Development Order from Planning Department

Obtain Water Approval

Obtain Hoarding & Signboard Approval

Obtain ROBO Bin Approval

Request Water Clearance

Water Inspection

Water Report

Deposit G1-G21 Form and Form to OSC

Deposit G1-G21 Form and Form to Board of Architect

Obtain Water Connection

Obtain Landscape Approval

2 Site preparation

3 Excavation and support system

4 Footing

5 Foundation

6 Framework

7 Column and Bean Erection

8 Concrete Slab

9 Power Supply System

10 Air conditioning

11 Water Supply and Sewerage system

12 Computer and Communication Network

13 Roofing

14 Floor Finishes

15 Paint

16 Landscaping

17 Cleaning



Estimated Project Cost

Item Estimated Cost (MYR)

Hard Construction (Budget within 150,000 MYR)

Foundation, Farming, Flooring 25,000.00

Fixtures, Furnishings and Equipment 30,000.00

Water Piping 1,500.00

Landscaping Services 30,000.00

Site Work 40,000.00

Material Cost (Concrete, sand, soil and glasses)

20,000.00

Sub Total Hard Cost 146,500.00

Soft Construction (Budget within 70,000 MYR)

Professional Fees (Architect ,Engineers and Quantity Surveyor)

30,000.00

Building Planning 8,000.00

Landscape Designing 8,000.00

Permit and license cost 3,845.00

Legal Fees 10,000.00

Fees 6,000.00

Sob Total Soft Cost 65,845.00

Contingency 15,000.00

Total Estimated Cost 227,345.00

Total Construction Cost = 227,345.00 MYR. (Within 230,000 MYR)



Alternative Plan

Food court as in proposal 2

Library

Minimarket



Flow of Application and Authority Procedure:

The development & building submission and approval process in Malaysia can be

simplify as follow:

Development Plan (D.P.)

Approval

Building Plan Approval

Construction

Certificate of Completion & Compliance

(C.C.C)

During the Construction

Phase, certain procedure

may also need to follow



Application form for building plan approval from the authority



Site Photos

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