wwwiciscom 1
ICIS Energy Forum Crude Oil LNG and Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 2
Global Oil Market TrendsOctober 2018
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil Editor
wwwiciscom 3wwwiciscom 3
ICIS World Crude Report
Volatility in the oil futures market
OPEC and its output-curbing deal
Crude flows and arbitrage spreads
Crude inventories and production
China and the global oil demand growth
Oil Market Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 4
ICIS WORLD CRUDE REPORT
A daily report published in three updates
Price Data on Physical and Futures markets
Futures market commentary
Key Indicators (graphic details of oil markets)
Oil Market Drivers (Review amp Outlook)
Editorial features and analysis
Regional sections North Sea West Africa
Mediterranean CIS Asia Pacific Arab Gulf US
ICIS is the only provider of data that feeds into the
ICE Brent index the settlement for the London ICE exchange
wwwiciscom 5
Key crude grades around the world
wwwiciscom 6
What drives the oil price
Disruptions or the
perception of disruptions
Supply amp Demand
Possible impact
on supply and demand
Geopolitical factors
Production quotas
OPEC
Inverted
correlation
US Dollar
Buyers attract
more buyers
Sentiment
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 2
Global Oil Market TrendsOctober 2018
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil Editor
wwwiciscom 3wwwiciscom 3
ICIS World Crude Report
Volatility in the oil futures market
OPEC and its output-curbing deal
Crude flows and arbitrage spreads
Crude inventories and production
China and the global oil demand growth
Oil Market Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 4
ICIS WORLD CRUDE REPORT
A daily report published in three updates
Price Data on Physical and Futures markets
Futures market commentary
Key Indicators (graphic details of oil markets)
Oil Market Drivers (Review amp Outlook)
Editorial features and analysis
Regional sections North Sea West Africa
Mediterranean CIS Asia Pacific Arab Gulf US
ICIS is the only provider of data that feeds into the
ICE Brent index the settlement for the London ICE exchange
wwwiciscom 5
Key crude grades around the world
wwwiciscom 6
What drives the oil price
Disruptions or the
perception of disruptions
Supply amp Demand
Possible impact
on supply and demand
Geopolitical factors
Production quotas
OPEC
Inverted
correlation
US Dollar
Buyers attract
more buyers
Sentiment
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 3wwwiciscom 3
ICIS World Crude Report
Volatility in the oil futures market
OPEC and its output-curbing deal
Crude flows and arbitrage spreads
Crude inventories and production
China and the global oil demand growth
Oil Market Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 4
ICIS WORLD CRUDE REPORT
A daily report published in three updates
Price Data on Physical and Futures markets
Futures market commentary
Key Indicators (graphic details of oil markets)
Oil Market Drivers (Review amp Outlook)
Editorial features and analysis
Regional sections North Sea West Africa
Mediterranean CIS Asia Pacific Arab Gulf US
ICIS is the only provider of data that feeds into the
ICE Brent index the settlement for the London ICE exchange
wwwiciscom 5
Key crude grades around the world
wwwiciscom 6
What drives the oil price
Disruptions or the
perception of disruptions
Supply amp Demand
Possible impact
on supply and demand
Geopolitical factors
Production quotas
OPEC
Inverted
correlation
US Dollar
Buyers attract
more buyers
Sentiment
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 4
ICIS WORLD CRUDE REPORT
A daily report published in three updates
Price Data on Physical and Futures markets
Futures market commentary
Key Indicators (graphic details of oil markets)
Oil Market Drivers (Review amp Outlook)
Editorial features and analysis
Regional sections North Sea West Africa
Mediterranean CIS Asia Pacific Arab Gulf US
ICIS is the only provider of data that feeds into the
ICE Brent index the settlement for the London ICE exchange
wwwiciscom 5
Key crude grades around the world
wwwiciscom 6
What drives the oil price
Disruptions or the
perception of disruptions
Supply amp Demand
Possible impact
on supply and demand
Geopolitical factors
Production quotas
OPEC
Inverted
correlation
US Dollar
Buyers attract
more buyers
Sentiment
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 5
Key crude grades around the world
wwwiciscom 6
What drives the oil price
Disruptions or the
perception of disruptions
Supply amp Demand
Possible impact
on supply and demand
Geopolitical factors
Production quotas
OPEC
Inverted
correlation
US Dollar
Buyers attract
more buyers
Sentiment
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 6
What drives the oil price
Disruptions or the
perception of disruptions
Supply amp Demand
Possible impact
on supply and demand
Geopolitical factors
Production quotas
OPEC
Inverted
correlation
US Dollar
Buyers attract
more buyers
Sentiment
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 7
Volatility in the oil market
Brent $8498
WTI $753
Dubai $8395
$40bbl
$45bbl
$50bbl
$55bbl
$60bbl
$65bbl
$70bbl
$75bbl
$80bbl
$85bbl
Front Month Crude Oil Benchmarks on 01-Oct-2018
Brent $8498 WTI $753 Dubai $8395
Source ICE NYMEX Dubai
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 8
Recent key drivers for the futures market
1
2
3
4
5
OPECrsquos oil output
curbing deal starts in
2017
US sanctions
against Iran loom
Production weakens in
Venezuela and Libya
Libyan
production
resumes
US-China trade war fuels
lower demand concerns 6
Market to focus on
US-China tensions
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 9
OPEC amp non-OPEC deal cut output by 18m bblday
Source OPECRussian Energy Ministry
OPEC member
Pledged cut
July 18 Compliance
August 18 Compliance
Algeria 005 99 98Angola 008 123 121Ecuador 003 98 98
Equatorial Guinea 013 NA
NA
Gabon 001 97 97Iran -009 111 107Iraq 021 96 94Kuwait 013 97 97Qatar 003 101 100Saudi Arabia 049 94 96UAE 014 98 97
Venezuela 01 139 143
Total OPEC 118 1048 1042 10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
11400
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18in
th
ou
san
d b
bl
day
Russias oil production
Crude Oil ProductionOPEC memberExempt July 18
ProductionAugust 18 Production
Libya Yes 065 092
Nigeria Yes 182 18
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 10
OPEC vs US supply and demand growth
-1
-05
0
05
1
15
2
25
Supply 2016 Supply 2017 Supply 2018 Demand 2016 Demand 2017 Demand 2018
OPEC Crude amp NGL Non OPEC Crude NGL Biofuels refinery gains OECD Oil Demand non OECD Oil Demand
m bblday
Source IEAICIS
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 11
OPEC CRUDE OIL FLOWS
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 12
$334
-$942
-$14bbl
-$12bbl
-$10bbl
-$8bbl
-$6bbl
-$4bbl
-$2bbl
$0bbl
$2bbl
$4bbl
$6bbl
Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
Crude arbitrage spreads 07-Sep-2018Brent-Dubai EFS M1 WTI to Brent spread
Key crude arbitrage spreads
US sellers retreat as spread narrows
Brent-WTI spread starts to widen =gt US bbl head to EuropeAsia
Rising EFS prevents trading opportunities to the east
Tighter spread increases Asian buying interest
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 13
OECD commercial crude oil inventories declining
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
OECD crude stocks Forecast 5-year average
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 14
US oil inventories and domestic output
9800
10000
10200
10400
10600
10800
11000
11200
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18
in t
ho
usa
nd
bb
ld
ay
in m
illio
n b
bl
US Crude stocks US Crude production
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 15
Chinese inventories following suit
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18
in m
illio
n t
on
nes
Crude oil stocks
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 16
China and the global oil demand
Is one of the largest oil
consumer and a key
importer Oil remains outside of the dispute
US-CHINA trade war
Buys 2m bblday of
Iranian oil
Global oil demand
growth closely linked to
Chinese economy
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 17
Slower growth in China
countered by higher demand
expectations from India
Asian Oil Demand
27 46 77
Rising but growth
expected to be
down year on year
Chinese Oil Demand
Peaked in April at
96m bblday
Chinese Oil Imports
China demand growth forecast in 2018
Source IEA CNPC
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 18
Lorem IpsumDonec non velit euismod nisi fermentum
facilisis In nec dui ipsum
US sanctions against Tehran ndash due to weigh
heavily on Iranian oil exports
US-China trade dispute ndash new tariffs will
heighten energy demand concerns
Looming US mid-term elections
OPEC and non-OPEC oil production ndash Saudi
Arabia and Russian production increases
Market developments to follow
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 19
Thank you for listening
Sophie Udubasceanu
Global Crude Oil EditorSophieudubasceanuiciscom
Questions
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 20
Global LNG marketsThe key trends
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNG ICIS
London October 2018
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 21wwwiciscom 21
Winter LNG floor and ceiling prices are high
China has balanced the market ndash and production delays
US LNG more obvious from next year
Qatar and Shell set tone for mid 2020s supply push
Key messages
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Production growth expected to rebound in 2019 after weak 2018
00
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1Q18 2Q18 3Q18 4Q18 1Q19 2Q19 3Q19 4Q19 1Q20 2Q20 3Q20 4Q20
Mill
ion
to
nn
esProduction by region 2018-2020 (ICIS Supply Forecast)
Asia-Pacific North America Middle East Africa South America Europe
2018 LNG production growth up 8 in 2018 to 316m tonnes 2019 - up 12 2020 - up 10
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Long build times and delays persist
-20
-15
-10
-05
00
05
10
15
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 todate
Ave
rage
cu
mu
lati
ve d
elay
(ye
ars)
Pla
nt
real
ised
co
nst
ruct
ion
tim
e (y
ears
)
Plant start-up year
Plant average construction performance by build year 2004-2018
Construction time (years) Cumulative schedule change (years)
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
0000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
16
-01
-20
12
13
-03
-20
12
09
-05
-20
12
05
-07
-20
12
03
-09
-20
12
30
-10
-20
12
31
-12
-20
12
27
-02
-20
13
25
-04
-20
13
21
-06
-20
13
19
-08
-20
13
15
-10
-20
13
11
-12
-20
13
10
-02
-20
14
08
-04
-20
14
04
-06
-20
14
31
-07
-20
14
26
-09
-20
14
24
-11
-20
14
22
-01
-20
15
20
-03
-20
15
18
-05
-20
15
14
-07
-20
15
09
-09
-20
15
05
-11
-20
15
05
-01
-20
16
02
-03
-20
16
28
-04
-20
16
24
-06
-20
16
22
-08
-20
16
18
-10
-20
16
14
-12
-20
16
13
-02
-20
17
11
-04
-20
17
07
-06
-20
17
03
-08
-20
17
29
-09
-20
17
27
-11
-20
17
25
-01
-20
18
23
-03
-20
18
21
-05
-20
18
17
-07
-20
18
12
-09
-20
18
$M
MB
tuKey front-month market prices
ICIS East Asia Index ICIS Brent crude ICIS TTF
LNG pricing a firmer phase
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Oil European gas support Asian spot LNG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 Apr-19
$M
MB
tu
Key month ahead oil and gas prices
Oil price parity Japan LNG contract price ICIS East Asia Index
TTF US FOB LNG contract US FOB LNG contract plus 25
Sept 2018 vs Sept 2017
TTF +52Spot Asia LNG +41
Brent + 40Henry Hub +03
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Winter demand drivers
Chinarsquos gas conversion continues but import terminals stacked
Japan South Korearsquos sensitivity to nuclear plant restarts
New demand India Pakistan and Bangladesh
Europe ndash expensive but is it enough
Asia
Americas
Europe
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
China and the UK are LNG demand opposites
bull Japan contract balance peaks in 2019
bull Pakistan long-term approach
bull UK not attractive
-500
-
500
1000
1500
2000
China S Korea India Pakistan France Turkey Japan UAE Egypt UK
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Global LNG the big demand swingsLast 12-month demand change vs 3-year average
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Asiarsquos price premium to Northwest Europe impacts LNG flows
53
Annual fall in UK
LNG supply
-1000000
-500000
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
0
05
1
15
2
25
3
35
4
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep
Tonn
es o
f LN
G
$M
MB
tu
Strong correlation between spread and reloads
Tonnes of LNG reloaded from UK Belgium Netherlands France
Tonnes of LNG delivered to UK Belgium Netherlands France
East Asia premium to Northwest Europe LNG $MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Qatarrsquos European LNG supply share falls
2326 21
181315
19 19
51
45
38 37
2015 2016 2017 2018
Three largest European LNG suppliers by market shareJanuary to September
Algeria Nigeria Qatar
US LNG supply share into Europe
2017 ndash 42018 ndash 2
European LNG share
US Russia
2017 4 0
2018 2 5
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Competition from US LNG sellers to intensify
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12O
ct-1
8
Dec
-18
Feb
-19
Ap
r-1
9
Jun
-19
Au
g-1
9
Oct
-19
Dec
-19
Feb
-20
Ap
r-2
0
Jun
-20
Au
g-2
0
Oct
-20
Dec
-20
Feb
-21
Ap
r-2
1
Jun
-21
Au
g-2
1
Oct
-21
Dec
-21
Feb
-22
Ap
r-2
2
Jun
-22
Au
g-2
2
Oct
-22
Dec
-22
Feb
-23
Ap
r-2
3
Jun
-23
Au
g-2
3
Pri
ce (
$M
MB
tu) US LNG costs vs Asian long-term contracts
US liquefaction to Asia (SRMC) US liquefaction to Asia (LRMC) Japanese legacy contract
Recent East Asia LTC (2017) Recent South Asia LTC (20178)
Sellers reportedly offering constants under $2MMBtu
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom
Where are we in the cycle
Momentum building for export projects
Life returns to long-term LNG contracts
Growing role of intermediaries
Global LNG the key trends
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
s
Average contract length (source ICIS LNG Edge)
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 35
Contact us
Ed Cox
Editor Global LNGEdCoxiciscom
Twitter ICISLNG
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 36
Short-term LNG markets analysis amp outlook
Simon Ellis
LNG Analyst
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 37
Agenda
Introduction Short-term market trends
bull Short-term market growth remains gradual
bull Pricing and tenors - Commodification or hybridity
bull Role of tenders churn and
bull China and Korea stimulate EAsia buying resurgence
bull Supply-side delays contribute to market tightness
Short-term markets in 2018
bull Challenge to replace Argentina and Egypt demand
bull Prospects for short-term market growth as a whole
Outlook to 2020
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 38
Short-term market trends
bull Short-term sales growth has increased in absolute terms but stagnated as of totalMarket scale
bull Tenders favoured outside traditional markets
bull Asian buyers show new appetite for short and mid-term contracts
Procurement methods
bull Churn of cargoes increasing but a fraction of traded US and European gas hubs
bull Financial market still 10 size of physical
Liquidity Commodification
bull Sell-side still highly concentrated
bull Traders providing liquidity or acting as risk managers for the majors
Market structure
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 39
Short-term share remains under one-third
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
H1 2015 H2 2015 H1 2016 H2 2016 H1 2017 H2 2017 H1 2018
Sho
rt-t
erm
o
f to
tal
Sale
s b
asis
of
fin
al s
ale
(mill
ion
to
nn
es)
Global short-term transactions as of total - H1 2015-H1 2018 (ICIS)
Short-term sales short-term of total
Growth of short-term market has been capped by existing firm long-term contracts and recommitment of flexible volumes to term as spot discount erodes
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 40
Global short-term markets highly varied
Market Principal buyers Procurement method
East Asia JERA Kansai Kyushu (Japan)KOGAS independents (South Korea) CPC (Taiwan POC) Petrochina CNOOC (China)
-High credit-rating experienced buyers generally favouring bilateral deals leveraging term relationships-Japanese buyers gradually retreating from spot market as delayed long-term contract supply -KOGAS uses tenders incremental purchases to mitigate nuclear woes-Chinese majors active in spot market but signs of new term appetite-CPC favours oil-indexed string deals but also buys spot in summer peak
South and SE Asia Indian utilities PSO (Pakistan) PTT (Thailand) Petrobangla(Bangladesh)
-Indian buyers price sensitive Generally purchase at a discount to East Asia spot but have range of price benchmarks in ST deals Have used mixture of bilateral deals and buy tenders to supplement term-PTT has favoured spot buy tenders alongside term supply-PSO and Petrobangla so far reliant on term contracts
Americas Petrobras (Brazil) ENARSA (Argentina)CFE (Mexico)
-ENARSA large-scale counter-seasonal tenders at Brent or Henry Hub indexed pricing-Petrobras uses portfolio of short-term flexible deals when Brazil needs to bridge hydroelectric deficit -CFE tenders on different price bases in Atlantic and Pacific
Southern Europe BOTAS (Turkey)Spanish utilities
-BOTAS active through combination of Brent-indexed strings and spot-Spanish utilities have participated in spot market to meet renewables shortfalls or to backfill diversions to Asia competing with EAsia prices
Middle East and North Africa
EGAS (Egypt) DUSUP (Dubai) KPC (Kuwait) NEPCO (Jordan)
-NEPCO DUSUP and EGAS favoured oil-indexed multi-year tenders supplemented by spot cargoes
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 41
Asian buyers seeking hybrid tenors and pricing
1 Reduction in average long-term contract length
Buyers pushing for shorter and more flexible gas-indexed contracts Has reduced average contract length
2 Changing buyer profiles ndash declining credit quality
Traditional A-rated buyers in Asia (outside China) are either well or over-contracted from LTCs Demand growth largely centred on emerging buyers in SouthSouth East Asia and MENA that have weaker credit ratings
3 The growth of the lsquoportfoliorsquo intermediary
Current market oversupply and declining buyer credit quality has facilitated growth of LNG lsquointermediariesrsquo ndash eg commodity traders Trafigura Vitol Gunvor in LNG contracting Helping to erode direct contracting of LNG between producers and end suppliers
Source JERA
4 Growing LNG buyer influence Growing negotiating power of LNG buyers will likely force greater market risk and contracting concessions onto producers More price diversity in LNG contracting (eg JERArsquos stated LTC contracting strategy)
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 42
Consolidation means sellers retain market power
Estimate of 2017 global short-term sales (selected participants)
Shell QatargasRasGas Cheniere TotalENGIE BP Others
sales recorded by final transaction only
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 43
Short-term markets in 2018
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 44
Prices rise in band between TTF floor and crude ceiling
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs key prices Jan 2017-Sep 2018 (ICIS)
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value ICIS Brent Month +1 Closing value
TTF Price Assessment Month +1 Bid-offer range Japan import Month +1 Calculation
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 45
Resurgent spot demand erodes discount to term
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Rea
lised
pri
ce $
MM
Btu
mill
ion
to
nn
esEast Asia all short-term procurement (LNG Edge)
Spot Short and mid-term contract Average spot price Average MTC|STC price Average LTC price
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 46
China and Korea underpin rise in ST buying
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Mill
ion
to
nn
esE Asia short-term LNG purchases by country (ICIS)
Japan China South Korea Taiwan
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 47
Chinarsquos policy-driven spot surge drove winter market
bull In May-July 2017 NDRC announced measures to drive gas to 10 of primary energy demand by
2020 including lower citygate prices transmission tariff cuts and lower VAT on imports
bull 2018 imports to July up 55 year-on-year at 28m tonnes
bull PetroChina commits to extra 34mtpa from Qatargas
0
20
40
60
80
100
2015 2020
Primary Energy Mix Target of Chinarsquos 13th Five Yr Plan (2015-2020)
Coal Oil Gas Renewables (inc hydro)
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 48
Nuclear outages send South Korea back into short-term market
-Nuclear generation fell seven percentage points year-on-year in H12018 to 30 of the generation mix with gas-fired generation responding-Longer inspections and new plant delays have contributed to shortfall
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 49
India spot buying drives Q2 2018 import record
000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q12015
Q22015
Q32015
Q42015
Q12016
Q22016
Q32016
Q42016
Q12017
Q22017
Q32017
Q42017
Q12018E
Q22018E
Del
iver
ed p
rice
$M
MB
tu
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
India imports by sales basis Q1 2015 to Q2 2018 (ICIS)
LTC delivery MTC|STC delivery Spot delivery LTC average MTC|STC average Spot average
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 50
Global competition for short-term volumes robust for now
0
1
2
3
4
5
Argentina Brazil Mexico Egypt Jordan Kuwait UAE Turkey Spain Italy
Americas MENA Europe
Selected Rest of World short-term purchases 2017-18 (ICIS)
Jan-Aug 2017 Jan-Aug 2018
-Egypt remains in market despite domestic production growth-Domestic and pipeline yet to drive Argentina Brazil and Mexico out of market-Turkey short-term LNG imports have defied economic and policy pressures
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 51
Supply and demand events drive price formation
0000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
03-01-2017 28-03-2017 20-06-2017 12-09-2017 05-12-2017 01-03-2018 24-05-2018 16-08-2018
EAX vs market events Jan 2017-Sep 2018
Spot LNG - EAX Index Month +1 Closing value
Eight-month delay at Ichthys
EGAS issues 9-cargo tender
Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage
PNG LNG outage
KOGAS issues winter tender at 14-16 Brent
NDRC outlines plans to increase gas usage
CNOOC issues winter cargo tender
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 52
Start-ups delays have tightened market
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2017 expectation
Start-up performance to date vs1 Jan 2018 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2017 expectation
Expected start-up performancein winter 1819 now vs 1 Jan
2018 expectation
Mill
ion
to
nn
es
Start-up performance vs previous assumptions
Cameron Cove Point Elba Freeport Ichthys
Prelude Wheatstone Yamal Net change
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 53
Other supply-side developments in 2018Area Production trend
Outages
-Unplanned outages have greater impact than 2017-Malaysia LNG production expected to fall gt4m tonnes in 2018 due to Sabah-Sarawak pipeline outage-PNG LNG outage removed a further 12m tonnes of anticipated production
Gas-constrained producer performance
-Arzew and Skikda produced 14m tonnes less in January-August 2018 than equivalent 2017 period-Bontang year-to-date production has remained stable on 2017 levels outperforming Pertamina guidance-Trinidad upstream work has partially restored performance
Outperformerspartially compensate
-Gorgon has overcome early technical issues to hit capacity-Time to plateau at Yamal Cove Point and Wheatstone 2 have exceeded typical ramp-up performance-Oman LNG has hit plateau levels in summer months utilising Khazzanproduction
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 54
Short-term markets outlook 2019-2020
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 55
Withdrawing markets to leave gap in 2019
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 56
China and South Asia offer growth potential
bull Japanrsquos spot market role to be curtailed by Ichthys and nuclear restarts
bull Korea and Taiwan demand buoyed by policy but dependent on nuclear performance
Japan Korea and Taiwan
bull Procurement growth may switch to term as importers achieve policy clarity
bull Tariffs on US imports being mitigated by physical LNG swaps for now
China
bull India to raise capacity by 14mtpa with three new terminals
bull Pakistan and Bangladesh expected to raise imports to mitigate domestic shortages
South Asia
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 57
New supply to exert influence on winter 201920
0
1
2
3
4
5O
ct-1
8
No
v-1
8
Dec
-18
Jan
-19
Feb
-19
Mar
-19
Ap
r-1
9
May
-19
Jun
-19
Jul-
19
Au
g-1
9
Sep
-19
Oct
-19
No
v-1
9
Dec
-19
Jan
-20
Feb
-20
Mar
-20
Ap
r-2
0
May
-20
Jun
-20
Jul-
20
Au
g-2
0
Sep
-20
Oct
-20
No
v-2
0
Dec
-20
mill
ion
to
nn
es L
NG
per
mo
nth
Expected production from LNG facilities in development as at September 2018 (ICIS LNG Supply Forecast)
Cameron Corpus Christi Elba Island Freeport Ichthys LNG Prelude
Excludes new trains at existing facilities eg Sabine Pass and Yamal
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 58
Strong policy support andor established gas usage the keys to growth
Country Consistent policy support for gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Absolute 5-year growth to 2017(m tonnes)
Average annual five-year growth rate 2017
Thailand Yes Yes 28 352
China Yes No 235 224
United Arab Emirates
Yes No 14 222
Portugal No NA 11 167
Kuwait Yes No 13 14
Turkey No NA 20 85
India Yes Yes 63 84
Taiwan Yes NA 40 57
Highest growth import countries with a five-year history and recorded demand growth of more than 1m tonnes (ICIS)
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 59
Prospective growth markets have historic gas role
Country Consistent policy supportfor gas in energy mix
Declining 5-year gas production
Gas consumption (2017 bcm)
Gas share in generation mix
Sovereign credit rating
IndonesiaYes Yes 392 29 BBB-
Bangladesh
Yes No 266 72 BB-
Philippines
Yes No 38 24 BBB-
Vietnam
TBC No 95 21 BB-
PakistanYes Yes 407 23 B
Selected recent and prospective LNG import countries
Source BP Fitch IEA government agencies
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 60
bull More than 75mtpa of LNG supply contracts are set to expire 2018-2023
bull Buyers likely to replace with short and mid-term contracts with lower volumes
0 5 10 15 20 25
Japan
Other East Asia
Middle East
NW Europe
Mediterranean
Americas
South Asia
Portfolio Supplier (no desination)
Contracts of 5+ years duration due to expire by region 2018-23
2018-2020 2021-23Source ICIS LNG Edge
Expiring contracts allow space for short-term market growth
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 61
Thank youhellip
Simonellisiciscom
Simon Ellis
+44 207 911 1953
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 62
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 63
ICIS Energy ForumEuropean gas market review and outlook
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 64wwwiciscom 64
Prices ndash 2018 v 2017
Storage backlash
The new IUK
Groningen gap
Gazprom supplies
LNG ripples and Norway
Russian pipe dreams
Outlook
Agenda
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 65Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 66Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
2018 so far
lsquoBeast from the Eastrsquo leads Day-ahead to all time high of euro85MWh on 1 March 2018
TTF Winter expires almost euro10MWh ndash or 56 ndash higher year on year
During summer the average WinterDay-ahead spread was half of what it was a year earlier
Impact on storage injections despite low starting inventories
Q4 rsquo18Q1 lsquo19 spread tightened to almost parity
Increased risk that with not enough gas in stock volatility during winterrsquos delivery will rise
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 67Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 68Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Storage landscape
Netherlands like Germany not back to last yearrsquos levels
Italy the next largest market fine given storage obligation as are CEE tanks
Rough in Britain now gone ndash NBP seasonal spreads no longer driving storage market
German storage capacity is 237bcm which is 27 of the European total
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 69Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Interconnector ndash Britainrsquos proxy store
20-year capacity rights have now ended
IUK selling capacity implicitly to allow shippers to lock-in moving spreads rather than wait for static explicit allocation process
Implicit bookings so far show storage profiling
Basic explicit DA cost is 4pth (approx euro15MWh) so forward spreads already blow out between NBP and Zee to ensure GB S-o-S
Expect prompt prices volatility in times of stress
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 70Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp ConfidentialSource IUK - Data as of 11018
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 71Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 72Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Groningen productions cap continues to tighten
TTF traded volumes in Q1 lsquo18 hit record high on the back of major curve repositioning in response to tightening production cap
Ever widening Groningen gap is increasing the EUrsquos import demand which currently is mainly being filled by Russian supplies
GY lsquo18 cap 194bcm only 600mcm lower than current GY lsquo17 output
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 73Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Dutch gas fundamentals going forward
Similar caps for GY lsquo18 and GY lsquo17 suggest similar production profile
Winter swing absence again drives likelihood of winter volatility
Ultimately Groningen gap will need filling
Russia via Nord Stream 2 most likely outcomehellip
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 74Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Tightening caps to 2020 of 12bcm to partially muted by
L- to H-gas switching in NW Europe
Improved Small Fields output
More blending
Bid-ladder payments - proposed
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 75Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 76Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Russian supplies to Europe
Nord Stream and Yamal pipe operate as baseload
In Q3 lsquo18 Gazprom ships 474bcm to Europe up 23 y-o-y
Year-to-date supplies at 1437bcm up 29 y-o-y
Gazprom aiming for 200bcm record
Gazprom Export electronic auction volumes minimal
Notional LTC price suggests widening discount to TTF
Implies higher off-take of Russian contract gas
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 77Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Europe fails to ride the LNG wave
Yamal operations start up but have mainly delivered beyond NW Europe
US cargoes similarly deliver largely away from EUrsquos liquid hubs
South America and Asia ndash China in particular ndashabsorb much of the supply
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 78Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Norway hardly in a position to compete
Export pipeline capacity constrained in winter
New production largely replacing depleting fields
But Aasta Hansteen production to begin this autumn
Polarled (70mcmd) to Nyhamna and onward to NBP
Baltic Pipe (2022) could divert some spot volumes away from NW Europe
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 79Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
Gazpromrsquos future routes to market
Plans to build Nord Stream 2 (55bcma) and TurkStream (315bcma) remain on course and due to be operational by October 2019
Equates to 237mcmd of available extra capacity
GASPOOL far curve churn rising
Ukrainersquos average load in last two years has been 254mcmd
Suggests only 62bcma needed to continue to flow this way if both new pipes advance
Rising EU import demand driven by Groningen and fuel switching would increase this
Title transfer at Baumgarten etc still key for many buyers of Russian volume
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 80Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
The Russian pincer
EU started mediation talks between Russia and Ukraine in early July
Brussels likely to seek a minimum guaranteed transit from Gazprom on Ukraine
South Stream Light not likely in the next year or so
Source ENTSOG
25-28mcmd
Approx14mcmd
54mcmd
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 81Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
This winterhellip
Spot prices during Winter likely to be volatile as stocks not in healthy state
Increased short-term buying during delivery rather than taking receipt of gas bought forward
Russian LTC-TTF spread puts Gazprom volumes in the money
Global LNG demand to continue to limit cargoes into Europe
NBP-TTF spreads to become more pronounced
Outright prices to remain high due to wider energy complex
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 82Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 83Copyright copy 2015 ICIS ndash Private amp Confidential
hellipfurther ahead
As Groningen caps become tighter expect TTF to become more expensive
BBL still has 20mcmday of LT booking - bidirectional from autumn 2019
Through to end of 2019 ndash SONATRACH contract changes ndash shorter in lengthmore price responsive
Flows over Med into Italy likely to be more volatile
As Nord Stream 2 moves closer to reality expect GASPOOL to become cheaper
Also for GASPOOL volumes to increase
End of transit agreement between Gazprom and Ukraine to alter flows through EU
Nord Stream 2 and TurkStream now just a year away
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 84
Thank you
Tom Marzec-Manser
Editor European Spot Gas Markets
+44 (0) 20 7911 1964tommarzec-mansericiscom
Follow me on Twitter tmarzecmanser and on and LinkedInSource ENTSOG
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 85
European gas market liquidity and hub development
Ben Samuel
Deputy editor of European Spot Gas Markets
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 86wwwiciscom 86
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP market trends
Hub mergers and potential growth areas
Future opportunities Romanian example
Agenda
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 87
Northwest Europe TTF and NBP gas market trends
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 88
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 89
OTC gas churn ratios 2011-2018
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 90
ICIS tradability index
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 91
Latest tradability index Q2 2018
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 92
TTF catching up but NBP exchange trade remains higher
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 93
Europersquos benchmarks looking ahead
NBP expected to remain an important and liquid market but substantial growth in volumes unlikely
Uncertainty over Brexit makes predictions difficult although significant change to Britainrsquos gas market structure not expected following exit from EU
Further TTF growth expected with market changes elsewhere leading to more liquidity
Exchange trade still not as developed in the Dutch market with room for further expansion
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 94
Hub mergers and growth areas
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 95
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 96
French merger
PEG Nord
Well-connected
2 LNG terminals
Less prone to price spikes
TRS
Reliant on north-south link
One LNG terminal
Prone to price spikes
Limited trade
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 97
French merger
Single French gas price
Abolition of north-south link
Grid reinforcement
Capacity increase
Storage reform
Auction system for winter lsquo18
Increased capacity reservations
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 98
French merger ndash a boost from the power sector
Safety concerns at ageing plants
Public sentiment turning against nuclear
Regional contagion
CCGT use up in short term
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 99
French merger outcomes
Combined market smaller than Belgium
Single PEG hub unlikely to challenge the majors
Some growth likely particularly with new cross-border opportunities with Spanish PVB
Market size likely to remain limited long-term
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 100
In the longer term German hub merger expected 2021
Largest demand in the EU ndash90bcmyear
Nord Stream 2 online by end of decade ndash 55bcmyear increase in import capacity
Export demand to reach 112bcmyear by 2023 (assuming flat consumption in neighbouring countries) although Nord Stream covers most of this
Coalnuclear closures set to boost demand
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 101
Power sector gas demand to peak in 2023 based on moderate coal phase out
More than 200bcm domesticexport demand
New renewable capacity planned to offset coalnuclear closures
Gas demand profile likely to be more volatile particularly after 2030
Some liquidity growth likely
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 102
German merger likely outcomes
Role as regional price-setter to increase
Merged market to become central European benchmark with NCG arguably already in that role
Traded volumes still likely to lag TTF and probably the NBP
TTF expected to remain primary venue for hedging
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 103
Future opportunities Romanian example
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 104
Romanian production potential
Proven gas reserves
above 700bcm
majority of untapped
in the Black Sea
Production
around 1011bcm
per year
Black Sea Oil amp
Gas to add
1bcmyear
OMVExxonMobil
to produce
6bcmyear
Output to reach
18-20bcmyear
2018 2020 20201 2025
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 105
EU network code on balancing
Ten countries opt to
implement network
code on balancing
EU Third Energy
Package comes into
force
2011 2016
2015 2019
Five more member
states join
Final deadline for
countries on interim
measures to deliver
balancing code
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 106
State of the market and recent developments
All trade happening through exchanges mainly the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Bespoke contracts tend to dominate with no churn
Market dominated by companies with a domestic presence
October 2018 ndash introduction of daily balancing and virtual trading point
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 107
Embracing EU rules in Spain
EU balancing rules introduced
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 108
Hindrances to Romanian development
Taxes on domestic
productionLack of
transparency
Cumbersome export
process
Lack of
standardised
contractsreference
prices
Questionable
political will
Obligation to offer
volumes for trade
domestically
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110
wwwiciscom 109
Thank you
Ben SamuelDeputy Editor ESGMbensamueliciscomTel 0044 207 911 1726Eikon benSamueliciscomhttpwwwiciscom
wwwiciscom 110