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Wave Dragon # 1Erik Friis-Madsen
The development of a 1.5 MW Wave Dragon North Sea Demonstrator
Erik Friis-Madsen, H.C.Soerensen and S. ParmeggianiWave Dragon ApS * Aalborg University
Denmark
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Wave Dragon # 2Erik Friis-Madsen
Total global coal production increased by 6.6% in 2011 – the twelfthconsecutive year of growth – according to the International Energy
Agency. Global energy demand increased by over 3%.
If the energy demand continue to grow at this rate, it will be
necessary to exploit many different kinds of renewable technologiesalso several ocean energy technology types to keep the long-term
increase of global temperature below 2° Celsius.
At a meeting 13 August 2012 the IEA Executive Director Ms. van
der Hoeven stressed that energy prices need to reflect the true costof energy. “That means pricing carbon and abolishing fossil fuel
subsidies – subsidies which in 2011 were almost seven times
higher than support for renewables,” she said.
Too much support for renewable energy?
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Wave Dragon # 3Erik Friis-Madsen
Technical Potential of Renewable Energy (ExaJoules)
Bio-
mass
Hydro Solar Wind Geo-
thermal
Ocean Total
World 283 50 1,570 580 1,401 730 4,614
Current use 50 10 0.2 0.2 2 0 62.4
Total primary energy
supply420
Source: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and Ministry for the Environment,
Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Conference Issue Paper, Renewables 2004 – International
Conference for Renewables Energies, Bonn 2004, p.27.
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Wave Dragon # 4Erik Friis-Madsen
Power from w ind , waves and t idal stream
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Wave Dragon # 5Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 6Erik Friis-Madsen
Wave Energy Devices: four families
Heaving Devices:OPT, Aquabuoy
Pitching Devices:Pelamis, Salter’s Duck
Oscillating WaterColumn: Pico, Limpet
OvertoppingDevices:
Wave Dragon
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• Wave energy focusing
• OvertoppingAbsorption
• Above sea level reservoir Storage
• Low-head variable speed propeller
turbines
• PM generators & frequency
inverters
Power-take-off
The Wave Dragon Technology
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Reflector Ramp
Reservoir Turbines
Floating Barge + River Hydro Power Station = Wave Dragon
The Wave Dragon Technology
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Reservoir Waves overtopping the
doubly curved ramp
Wave Dragon principle
Climate Power - Production__
12 kW/m 1½ MW 4 GWh/y/unit
24 kW/m 4 MW 12 GWh/y/unit
36 kW/m 7 MW 20 GWh/y/unit48 kW/m 12 MW 35 GWh/y/unit
Turbine outlet
Wave reflector
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57 m wide 200 tonnes
Wave Dragon prototype
with 7 turbines deployed
and connected to the gridin 2003 as worlds first
floating WEC
Full scale Wave Dragon
device sizes
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Remote control
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Turbine operation and power production
Example:
• Four power producing turbines in continous
operation
• Three dummy turbines handles overtopping
variation
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Wave Dragon # 14Erik Friis-Madsen
Wave Dragon prototype experience
☺ It works! Power delivered to the grid
☺ 20,000 hours operational track record☺ Wave energy absorption performance verified
☺ Offshore wave energy is a reality
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Wave Dragon # 15Erik Friis-Madsen
Ice and WEC’s is a bad combination!The prototype was designed for a 3 year life time, but was not scrapped
until 2011 after more than 8 years of operations.
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Wave Dragon # 16Erik Friis-Madsen
Old model in AAU’sdeep water basin
Numerical model
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Wave Dragon # 17Erik Friis-Madsen
Suggested revised layout of the
main structural members of the
platform
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Wave Dragon # 18Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 19Erik Friis-Madsen
1:50 Model test 100 year wave
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Wave Dragon # 20Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 21Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 22Erik Friis-Madsen
Cylinder gate turbines running
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Wave Dragon # 23Erik Friis-Madsen
Back up
slides
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Wave Dragon # 24Erik Friis-Madsen
Wave Dragon Advantages
• Offshore
Low environmental impact. No visual impact, fewer internationaldesignations.
High wave energy resources. Seabed friction causes great loss of
energy in depths below 30 m.
Plenty of suitable sites.
• Overtopping
Non-resonating structure. Lower risk of damage in largest sea
states as structure does not move, largest waves pass over
device.
Scaleable. Size can be increased to give performance
improvements.
Large-sized. Ease of access for maintenance, can host wind turbine.
Passive survival mode. Long life and low O&M costs
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Wave Dragon # 25Erik Friis-Madsen
Animation: LOKE film
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Wave Dragon # 26Erik Friis-Madsen
Fixed wave energy devices
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Wave Dragon # 27Erik Friis-Madsen
Floating wave energy devices
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Wave Dragon # 28Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 29Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 30Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 31Erik Friis-Madsen
Power plant size
Wave Dragon
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Wave Dragon # 32Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 33Erik Friis-Madsen
Wave Dragon objectivesTo develop Wave Dragon to a power plant unit of 4 to 11 MW with
a production price of 0.04 €/kWh
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 9
1 9 9 1
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 5
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 5
€/kWh Wind
Wave
Source:
EU Wave Net 2002 and Risø
Target year 2016
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Wave Dragon # 34Erik Friis-Madsen
Construction The Wave Dragon unit will be constructed at a
port, close to the deployment site. Themanufacturing of the reinforced concretestructure is straight forward using standardmethods from the civil engineering field.
Distance between tips of arms 300m
Arm length 145m
Length (tip of arm to rear of central
housing)
170m
Maximum height above sea level 6-3m
Draught 11-14m
O ti l E i
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Wave Dragon # 35Erik Friis-Madsen
Operational Experience
Turbine Design
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Wave Dragon # 36Erik Friis-Madsen
Mooring A catenary mooring solution is considered a feasible option because of its
ability to absorb large peak loads.Design and construction of large offshore foundations, sub seainstallations and handling of heavy components and equipment is a wellestablished discipline within the offshore wind, oil and gas industries.
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Wave Dragon # 37Erik Friis-Madsen
Wave Dragon – published data
Wave Dragon unit power production
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
kW/m
G W h / y
4 MW &
260 m wide
7 MW &
300 m wide
11 MW &
390 m wide
15 MW &390 m wide
Wave climate First device After deploymentof 100’s
24 kW/m 0.11 €/kWh 0.054 €/kWh
36 kW/m 0.083 €/kWh 0.040 €/kWh
48 kW/m 0.061 €/kWh 0.030 €/kWh
Table 8.2: Wave Dragon expected cost in €/ kWh.
Wave climate First device After deploymentof 100’s
24 kW/m 4,000 €/kW 2,300 €/kW
36 kW/m 3,200 €/kW 1,875 €/kW
48 kW/m 2,700 €/kW 1,575 €/kW
Table 8.1: Wave Dragon expected capital cost in €/ kW pri ce.
7 MW it W l 2011
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Wave Dragon # 38Erik Friis-Madsen
7
5,5
4
2,5
15 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Power
Waveheight, significant,
meters
Wave peak period in seconds
7 MW site Wales 2011
Grid connection
Ship traffic
Wave climate
d k
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Wave Dragon # 39Erik Friis-Madsen
www.wavedragon.co.uk
Wave Dragon Wales Ltd
www.wavedragon.net
W D the team
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Wave Dragon # 40Erik Friis-Madsen
Wave Dragon – the team
PMMS, Consent and CDM (UK)
(CMACS, Osiris, Wessex, Anatec, Enviros)
University Wales Swansea, environment,
PTO (UK)Warsaw University IEEE, Inverter PTO (PL)
Dr. Techn. Olav Olsen, Concept design (N)
NIRAS AS, Consulting Engineer,
Wave models (DK)
ESBI Engineering Ltd., Grid issues, PTO (IE/UK)
Aalborg University – Hydraulics & CoastalEngineering Laboratory (DK)
Technical University Munich,
Hydro turbine design (D)
Kössler Ges.m.b.H., Manufacturer of
hydro turbines (A)
Balslev A/S, Consulting Engineers - electrical
and automation systems (DK)Wave Energy Centre, Wavetrain (PT)
Wave Dragon ApS/Ltd, Coordination,
technology (DK/UK)
(SPOK ApS, Löwenmark FRI, Nöhrlind Ltd)
TecDragon SA, Development Portugal (PT)
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Wave Dragon # 41Erik Friis-Madsen
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Wave Dragon # 42Erik Friis-Madsen
How visible is a WD power plant?
Seen from 100 feet above sea level and at a distance of 5km
Under the horizon at a distance of 10km
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Wave Dragon # 43Erik Friis-Madsen
www.wavedragon.net
Wales project:
www.wavedragon.co.uk
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Wave Dragon # 44Erik Friis-Madsen
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First offshore wave energy converter
producing power to the grid, May ’03