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ASSIGNMENT#02NAME: KAINAT ASLAM

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IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF FIBERS

IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBERS

IDENTIFICATION METHODS FOR COTTON FIBER

BURNINNG TEST

When ignited it burns with a steady flame and smells like burning leaves. The ash lefties easily crumbled. Small samples of burning cotton can be blown out as you would a candle.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

It is a single elongated cell. Under the microscope, it resembles a collapsed , spirally twisted tube with a rough surface.The thin cell wall of the fiber has from 200 to 400 convolutions per inch.

CHEMICAL TEST

At 45C, 75% zinc chloride solution dissolves cotton that has not been mercerized.

IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF WOOL FIBER

BURNING TEST

It is also a protein fiber but it is harder to ignite than silk as the individual Hair fibers are shorter than silk and the weave of the fabrics is generally looser than with silk. The flame is steady but more difficult to keep burning. The smell of burning wool is like burning hair.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

Under the microscope, wools cross section shows three layers-epidermis, cortex and the medulla.

CHEMICAL TEST

At 100C, 5% Solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves wool protein fiber dissolves only partially and very slowly.

IDENTICATION METHODS OF SILK FIBER

BURNING TEST

It is a protein fiber, and usually burns readily, not necessarily with a steady flame, and smells like burning hair. The ash is easily crumbled. Silk samples are not as easily extinguished as cotton or linen.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

It appears somewhat elliptical and triangular in cross section when we see under the microscope.It is composed of fibroin, consisting of two filaments, called Brin which is held together by sericin.

CHEMICAL TEST

At 20C, 60% sulfuric acid dissolves silk.At 100C, 5% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves silk and reconstituted protein fibers dissolve only partially and very slowly.

IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF LINEN FIBER

BURNING TEST

Linen takes longer to ignite. The fabric closest to the ash is very brittle . Linen is easily extinguished by blowing on it as you would a candle.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

Under the microscope, the hair like flax fiber shows several sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed ends.The fiber somewhat resembles a straight, smooth.

CHEMICAL TEST

Linen dissolved in 70% solution of sulfuric acid at the temperature of 38 degree in 20 minutes.

IDENTIFICATION OF MAN-MADE FIBERS

IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF NYLON FIBER

BURNING TEST

Nylon melts and then burns rapidly if the flame remains on the melted fiber. If I can keep the flame on the melting nylon, it smells like burning plastic.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

The basic microscopic appearance is generally fine, round, smooth and translucent.It is also produced in multilobal, cross-sectional types.

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CHEMICAL TEST

At 20C, concentrated (12 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves nylon less concentrated (6 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves nylon.At 20C, sulfuric acid dissolves nylon.

IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF RAYON FIBER

BURNING TEST

Rayon is a regenerated cellulosic fiber which is almost pure cellulose. Rayon burns rapidly and leaves only a slight ash. The burning smell is close to burning leaves.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

Rayon fibers have a glasslike luster under the microscope and appear to have a uniform diameter when viewed longitudinally.

CHEMICAL TEST

Rayon dissolved in 38% solution of hydrochloric acid at the temperature of 24 degree in 5 minutes.

IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF POLYESTER FIBER

BURNING TEST

Polyester burns and melts at the same time. The melting, burning ash can bond quickly to any surface it drips on including skin. The smoke from polyester is black with a sweetish smell. The extinguished ash is hard.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

Generally, polyester fibers are smooth and straight and the cross-section is round.This general characteristics may be altered to achieve certain characteristics.

CHEMICAL TEST

Polyester dissolved in 100% solution of meta-cresol at the temperature of 139 degree in 5m.

IDENTIFICATION METHODS OF ACETATE FIBER

BURNING POINT

Acetate burns readily with a flickering flame that cannot be easily extinguished. The burning cellulose drips and leaves a hard ash. The smell is similar to burning wood chips.

MICROSCOPIC TEST

The cross sectional view has a bulbous or multi global appearance with indentations.These indentations appear as occasional markings.

CHEMICAL TEST

Acetate dissolves at 20C, 60% sulfuric acid.