IE496IE496Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering

InternshipInternship

Dr. BarnesDr. BarnesNovember 20, 2006November 20, 2006

Lecture # 11Lecture # 11

Students handing in rough draftsStudents handing in rough drafts

AbdellaAbdella AppeltAppelt Cheng – outline Cheng – outline

onlyonly Drucker & Drucker &

TrifunovskiTrifunovski HanifHanif JankowskiJankowski

KotarskiKotarski LeeLee Liong & KaczmarskiLiong & Kaczmarski NasradinajNasradinaj SkerkerSkerker TarrienTarrien VaidyaVaidya WidjajaWidjaja

Groups with approved ethics Groups with approved ethics projectsprojects

Group 1 – both approvedGroup 1 – both approved Group 2 – both approvedGroup 2 – both approved Group 3 - ?Group 3 - ? Group 4 - both approvedGroup 4 - both approved Group 5 – four approved ?Group 5 – four approved ? Group 6 – both approvedGroup 6 – both approved Group 7 - ?Group 7 - ?

The Future of The Future of EngineeringEngineering

Main TopicsMain Topics

Technological Context of Technological Context of Engineering PracticeEngineering Practice

Societal, Global, and Professional Societal, Global, and Professional Contexts of Engineering PracticeContexts of Engineering Practice

Aspirations for the Engineer of Aspirations for the Engineer of 20202020

Attributes of Engineers in 2020Attributes of Engineers in 2020

Technological Context of Technological Context of Engineering PracticeEngineering Practice

Technological ChangeTechnological Change Breakthrough TechnologiesBreakthrough Technologies

Technological ChallengesTechnological Challenges

Technological ChangeTechnological Change More change from 1900 to 2000 than More change from 1900 to 2000 than

from all time beforefrom all time before

Macroscopic Macroscopic → Microscopic →→ Microscopic → Molecular Molecular → Atomic → Subatomic→ Atomic → Subatomic

Breakthrough TechnologiesBreakthrough Technologies BiotechnologyBiotechnology NanotechnologyNanotechnology Materials Science and PhotonicsMaterials Science and Photonics Information and Communications Information and Communications

TechnologyTechnology The Information ExplosionThe Information Explosion LogisticsLogistics

BiotechnologyBiotechnology TTechnologyechnology based on based on biologybiology, especially when , especially when

used in used in agricultureagriculture, , food sciencefood science, and , and medicinemedicine. . The The UNUN Convention on Biological DiversityConvention on Biological Diversity has has come up with one of many definitions of come up with one of many definitions of biotechnology:biotechnology:[1][1]• "Biotechnology means any technological application that "Biotechnology means any technological application that

uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use."specific use."

This definition is at odds with common usage in This definition is at odds with common usage in the United States, where "biotechnology" the United States, where "biotechnology" generally refers to generally refers to recombinant DNArecombinant DNA based based and/or and/or tissue culturetissue culture based processes that have based processes that have only been commercialized since the 1970s. only been commercialized since the 1970s.

Biotechnology - continuedBiotechnology - continued Red biotechnologyRed biotechnology is applied to is applied to medicalmedical processes. Some examples are the processes. Some examples are the

designing of organisms to produce designing of organisms to produce antibioticsantibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures , and the engineering of genetic cures through through genomic manipulationgenomic manipulation..

White biotechnologyWhite biotechnology, also known as , also known as grey biotechnologygrey biotechnology, is biotechnology , is biotechnology applied to applied to industrialindustrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical. produce a useful chemical.

Green biotechnologyGreen biotechnology is biotechnology applied to is biotechnology applied to agriculturalagricultural processes. An processes. An example is the designing of example is the designing of transgenic plantstransgenic plants to grow under specific environmental to grow under specific environmental conditions or in the presence (or absence) of certain agricultural chemicals. One hope conditions or in the presence (or absence) of certain agricultural chemicals. One hope is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions than traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this is the engineering of a plant than traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this is the engineering of a plant to express a to express a pesticidepesticide, thereby eliminating the need for external application of , thereby eliminating the need for external application of pesticides. An example of this would be pesticides. An example of this would be Bt cornBt corn. Whether or not green biotechnology . Whether or not green biotechnology products such as this are ultimately more environmentally friendly is a topic of products such as this are ultimately more environmentally friendly is a topic of considerable debate.considerable debate.

BioinformaticsBioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems using computational techniques. The field is also often referred to as computational using computational techniques. The field is also often referred to as computational biology. It plays a key role in various areas, such as biology. It plays a key role in various areas, such as functional genomicsfunctional genomics, , structural genomicsstructural genomics, and , and proteomicsproteomics, and forms a key component in the , and forms a key component in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector.biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector.

The term The term blue biotechnologyblue biotechnology has also been used to describe the marine and has also been used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.

What is Nanotechnology?What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of

roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.matter at this length scale.At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of At the nanoscale, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is directed toward understanding and creating improved materials, devices, and directed toward understanding and creating improved materials, devices, and systems that exploit these new properties. systems that exploit these new properties. One area of nanotechnology R&D is medicine. Medical researchers work atOne area of nanotechnology R&D is medicine. Medical researchers work atthe micro- and nano-scales to develop new drug delivery methods, the micro- and nano-scales to develop new drug delivery methods, therapeutics and pharmaceuticals. For a bit of perspective, the diameter of therapeutics and pharmaceuticals. For a bit of perspective, the diameter of DNA, our genetic material, is in the 2.5 nanometer range, while red blood cells DNA, our genetic material, is in the 2.5 nanometer range, while red blood cells are approximately 2.5 micrometers. Additional information about are approximately 2.5 micrometers. Additional information about nanoscalenanoscale research in medicine research in medicine is available from the National Institutes of Health. is available from the National Institutes of Health.

A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter; a sheet of paper is about 100,000 A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter; a sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. See nanometers thick. See The Scale of ThingsThe Scale of Things for a comparative view of the sizes for a comparative view of the sizes of commonly known items and nanoscale particles.of commonly known items and nanoscale particles.

PhotonicsPhotonics

The science and technology of The science and technology of generating, controlling, and generating, controlling, and detecting photons, particularly in the detecting photons, particularly in the visible light and near infra-red visible light and near infra-red spectrum. spectrum.

Applications of PhotonicsApplications of Photonics Consumer Equipment: Consumer Equipment: BarcodeBarcode scanner, printer, CD/DVD/Blu-ray scanner, printer, CD/DVD/Blu-ray

devices, remote control devices devices, remote control devices TelecommunicationsTelecommunications: Optical fiber communications : Optical fiber communications MedicineMedicine: correction of poor eyesight, laser surgery, surgical : correction of poor eyesight, laser surgery, surgical

endoscopy, tattoo removal endoscopy, tattoo removal Industrial Industrial manufacturingmanufacturing: the use of lasers for welding, drilling, : the use of lasers for welding, drilling,

cutting, and various kinds of surface modification cutting, and various kinds of surface modification ConstructionConstruction: laser levelling, laser rangefinding, smart structures : laser levelling, laser rangefinding, smart structures AviationAviation: photonic gyroscopes lacking any moving parts : photonic gyroscopes lacking any moving parts MilitaryMilitary: IR sensors, command and control, navigation, search and : IR sensors, command and control, navigation, search and

rescue, mine laying and detection rescue, mine laying and detection Entertainment: laser shows, beam effects, holographic art Entertainment: laser shows, beam effects, holographic art Information processing Information processing Metrology: time and frequency measurements, rangefinding Metrology: time and frequency measurements, rangefinding Photonic computing: clock distribution and communication Photonic computing: clock distribution and communication

between computers, circuit boards, or within optoelectronic between computers, circuit boards, or within optoelectronic integrated circuits; in the future: quantum computing integrated circuits; in the future: quantum computing

Technological ChallengesTechnological Challenges

Physical Infrastructures in Urban Physical Infrastructures in Urban SettingsSettings

Information and Communications Information and Communications InfrastructuresInfrastructures

The EnvironmentThe Environment Technology for an Aging PopulationTechnology for an Aging Population

Societal, Global, and Societal, Global, and Professional Contexts of Professional Contexts of

Engineering PracticeEngineering Practice Social ContextSocial Context

Professional Context for Engineers of Professional Context for Engineers of the Futurethe Future

Implications for Engineering EducationImplications for Engineering Education

Social ContextSocial Context

Population and DemographicsPopulation and Demographics Health and HealthcareHealth and Healthcare The Youth Bulge and Security The Youth Bulge and Security

ImplicationsImplications The Accelerating Global EconomyThe Accelerating Global Economy

Professional Context for Engineers Professional Context for Engineers in the Futurein the Future

The Systems PerspectiveThe Systems Perspective• Working in TeamsWorking in Teams• ComplexityComplexity

CustomerizationCustomerization Public PolicyPublic Policy Public Understanding of EngineeringPublic Understanding of Engineering Building on Past Successes and Building on Past Successes and

FailuresFailures

Implications for Engineering Implications for Engineering EducationEducation

An Aging PopulationAn Aging Population The Global EconomyThe Global Economy The Five- or Six-Year Professional DegreeThe Five- or Six-Year Professional Degree Immigration and the Next Generation of Immigration and the Next Generation of

U.S. Engineering StudentsU.S. Engineering Students Building on Past Successes and FailuresBuilding on Past Successes and Failures Education ResearchEducation Research Teamwork, Communication, and Public Teamwork, Communication, and Public

PolicyPolicy

Aspirations for theAspirations for theEngineer of 2002Engineer of 2002

Visions of the CommitteeVisions of the Committee

Visions of the CommitteeVisions of the Committee Our Image of the ProfessionOur Image of the Profession Engineering without BoundariesEngineering without Boundaries Engineering a Sustainable Society Engineering a Sustainable Society

and Worldand World Education of the Engineer of 2020Education of the Engineer of 2020

Our Image and the ProfessionOur Image and the Profession

By 2020, we aspire toBy 2020, we aspire to a public that will understand and a public that will understand and

appreciate the profound impact of the appreciate the profound impact of the engineering profession on socio-cultural engineering profession on socio-cultural systems, the full spectrum of career systems, the full spectrum of career opportunities accessible through an opportunities accessible through an engineering education, and the value of an engineering education, and the value of an engineering education top engineers engineering education top engineers working successfully in non-engineering working successfully in non-engineering jobs.jobs.

Our Image and the Profession - continuedOur Image and the Profession - continued

We aspire toWe aspire to a public that will recognize the union a public that will recognize the union

of professionalism, technical of professionalism, technical knowledge, social and historical knowledge, social and historical awareness, and traditions that serve awareness, and traditions that serve to make engineers competent to to make engineers competent to address the world’s complex and address the world’s complex and changing challenges.changing challenges.

Our Image and the Profession - continuedOur Image and the Profession - continued

We aspire toWe aspire to engineers in 2020 who will remain well engineers in 2020 who will remain well

grounded in the basics of mathematics grounded in the basics of mathematics and science, and who will expand their and science, and who will expand their vision of design through solid grounding in vision of design through solid grounding in the humanities, social sciences, and the humanities, social sciences, and economics. Emphasis on the creative economics. Emphasis on the creative process will allow more effective process will allow more effective leadership in the development and leadership in the development and application of next-generation application of next-generation technologies to problems of the future.technologies to problems of the future.

Engineering without BoundariesEngineering without Boundaries

We aspire to We aspire to an engineering profession that will rapidly an engineering profession that will rapidly

embrace the potentialities offered by embrace the potentialities offered by creativity, invention, and cross-disciplinary creativity, invention, and cross-disciplinary fertilization to create and accommodate fertilization to create and accommodate new fields of endeavors, including those new fields of endeavors, including those that require openness to interdisciplinary that require openness to interdisciplinary efforts with non-engineering disciplines efforts with non-engineering disciplines such as science, social science, and such as science, social science, and business.business.

Engineering without Boundaries - Engineering without Boundaries - continuedcontinued

By 2020 we aspire toBy 2020 we aspire to engineers who will assume leadership engineers who will assume leadership

positions from which they can serve as positions from which they can serve as positive influences in the making of public positive influences in the making of public policy and in the administration of policy and in the administration of government and industry.government and industry.

an engineering profession that will an engineering profession that will effectively recruit, nurture, and welcome effectively recruit, nurture, and welcome underrepresented groups to its ranks.underrepresented groups to its ranks.

Engineering a Sustainable Society Engineering a Sustainable Society and Worldand World

It is our aspiration that It is our aspiration that engineers will continue to be leaders engineers will continue to be leaders

in the movement toward use of wise, in the movement toward use of wise, informed, and economical sustainable informed, and economical sustainable development. This should begin in development. This should begin in our educational institutions and be our educational institutions and be founded in the basic tenets of the founded in the basic tenets of the engineering profession and its engineering profession and its actions.actions.

Engineering a Sustainable Society and Engineering a Sustainable Society and World - continuedWorld - continued

We aspire to a future whereWe aspire to a future where engineers are prepared to adapt to engineers are prepared to adapt to

changes in global forces and trends changes in global forces and trends and to ethically assist the world in and to ethically assist the world in creating a balance in the standard of creating a balance in the standard of living for developing and developed living for developing and developed countries alike.countries alike.

Education of the Engineer of 2020Education of the Engineer of 2020

It is our aspiration thatIt is our aspiration that engineering educators and practicing engineers engineering educators and practicing engineers

together undertake a proactive effort to prepare together undertake a proactive effort to prepare engineering education to address the technology engineering education to address the technology and societal challenges and opportunities of the and societal challenges and opportunities of the future. With appropriate thought and future. With appropriate thought and consideration, and using new strategic planning consideration, and using new strategic planning tools, we should reconstitute engineering tools, we should reconstitute engineering curricula and related educational programs to curricula and related educational programs to prepare today’s engineers for the careers of the prepare today’s engineers for the careers of the future, with due recognition of the rapid pace of future, with due recognition of the rapid pace of change in the world and its intrinsic lack of change in the world and its intrinsic lack of predictability.predictability.

Education of the Engineer of 2020 - Education of the Engineer of 2020 - continuedcontinued

Our aspiration is toOur aspiration is to shape the engineering curriculum for shape the engineering curriculum for

2020 so as to be responsive to the 2020 so as to be responsive to the disparate learning styles of different disparate learning styles of different student populations and attractive for all student populations and attractive for all those seeking full and well-rounded those seeking full and well-rounded education that prepares a person for a education that prepares a person for a creative and productive life and positions creative and productive life and positions of leadership.of leadership.

Attributes of Engineers Attributes of Engineers in 2020in 2020

Connections between Connections between Engineering Past, Present, Engineering Past, Present,

and Futureand Future

Guiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles The pace of technological innovation will The pace of technological innovation will

continue to be rapid (most likely continue to be rapid (most likely accelerating)accelerating)

The world in which technology will be The world in which technology will be deployed will be intensely globally deployed will be intensely globally interconnected.interconnected.

The population of individuals who are The population of individuals who are involved with or affected by technology involved with or affected by technology (e.g., designers, manufacturers, (e.g., designers, manufacturers, distributors, users) will be increasingly distributors, users) will be increasingly diverse and multidisciplinary.diverse and multidisciplinary.

Guiding Principles - continuedGuiding Principles - continued Social, cultural, political, and Social, cultural, political, and

economic forces will continue to economic forces will continue to shape and affect success of shape and affect success of technological innovation.technological innovation.

The presence of technology in our The presence of technology in our everyday lives will be seamless, everyday lives will be seamless, transparent, and more significant transparent, and more significant than ever.than ever.

Connections between EngineeringConnections between EngineeringPast, Present, and FuturePast, Present, and Future

Will Will require strong analytical skillsrequire strong analytical skills exhibit practical ingenuityexhibit practical ingenuity have creativityhave creativity require good communicationrequire good communication need to master principles of management and need to master principles of management and

businessbusiness understand principles of leadershipunderstand principles of leadership possess high ethical standards and strong possess high ethical standards and strong

professionalismprofessionalism demonstrate dynamism, agility, resilience, and demonstrate dynamism, agility, resilience, and

flexibilityflexibility be lifelong learnersbe lifelong learners

GameGame

Let’s make a list of what you Let’s make a list of what you believe will be the top believe will be the top strategic technologies for the strategic technologies for the year 2020.year 2020.

BattelleBattelle

Battelle’s Technology ForecastsBattelle’s Technology Forecasts

http://http://www.battelle.org/forecasts/default.stwww.battelle.org/forecasts/default.stmm

Battelle’s 2020 Strategic TechnologiesBattelle’s 2020 Strategic Technologies

Genetic-based Medical and Health CareGenetic-based Medical and Health Care High-power energy packagesHigh-power energy packages GrinTechGrinTech (Green Integrated Technology) (Green Integrated Technology) Omnipresent ComputingOmnipresent Computing NanomachinesNanomachines Personalized Public TransportationPersonalized Public Transportation Designer Foods and CropsDesigner Foods and Crops Intelligent Goods and AppliancesIntelligent Goods and Appliances Worldwide Inexpensive and Safe WaterWorldwide Inexpensive and Safe Water Super SensesSuper Senses

Rising Above the Gathering Rising Above the Gathering Storm – Energizing and Storm – Energizing and

Employing America for a Brighter Employing America for a Brighter Economic FutureEconomic Future

A report from the National A report from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Academy of Engineering, and the

Institute of Medicine Institute of Medicine

ChargeCharge

U.S. Congress – what are the top U.S. Congress – what are the top actions that federal policy-makers actions that federal policy-makers could take to enhance the science could take to enhance the science and technology enterprise so that and technology enterprise so that the United States can successfully the United States can successfully compete, prosper and be secure in compete, prosper and be secure in the global community of the 21the global community of the 21stst Century?Century?

Top Actions Top Actions 1.1. Increase America’s talent pool by vast Increase America’s talent pool by vast

improving K – 12 science and improving K – 12 science and mathematicsmathematics

2.2. Sustain and strengthen the nation’s Sustain and strengthen the nation’s traditional commitment to long-term traditional commitment to long-term basic researchbasic research

3.3. Make the U.S. the most attractive setting Make the U.S. the most attractive setting to study and perform researchto study and perform research

4.4. Insure that the U.S. is the premier place Insure that the U.S. is the premier place in the world to innovatein the world to innovate

Info sourceInfo source The Engineer of 2020 – Visions of The Engineer of 2020 – Visions of

Engineering in the New CenturyEngineering in the New Century, National , National Academy of Engineering, 2002.Academy of Engineering, 2002.

The Battelle company, Columbus, OhioThe Battelle company, Columbus, Ohio Rising Above the Gathering StormRising Above the Gathering Storm, ,

National Academy of Sciences, National National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine, 2005.Medicine, 2005.

Wikipedia Wikipedia

Your ethics assignments are due Your ethics assignments are due next weeknext week

Four groups will present in our next Four groups will present in our next class – the other three the following class – the other three the following week.week.

All must submit their assignments All must submit their assignments electronically by eob, November 27electronically by eob, November 27thth..