IG0011005.1

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Dr. James TurnerDr. James Turner

DOE Assistant Deputy AdministratorDOE Assistant Deputy Administrator

American Nuclear Society PresentationAmerican Nuclear Society Presentation

November 13, 2000November 13, 2000

IG0011005.2

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

• Program mission/goals/historyProgram mission/goals/history• Key program areasKey program areas• Program statusProgram status• Chornobyl closureChornobyl closure• Core conversion projectCore conversion project• Future trendsFuture trends

OverviewOverview

IG0011005.3

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Mission

Implement U.S. nonproliferation and national security objectives by improving the safety of nuclear facilities, reducing weapons-usable nuclear material availability, and enhancing international nuclear cooperation.

Goals

• Reducing risks and improving safety at 65 Soviet-designed reactors in nine countries

• Building host country infrastructure• Supporting Chornobyl safety and closure• Qualifying an independent nuclear fuel supplier for Ukraine• Converting Russian production reactors to produce heat but

not plutonium

IG0011005.4

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Program Participants

U.S. Department of State

U.S. Agency for International Development

U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of International Nuclear

Safety and Cooperation

U.S. NuclearRegulatory

Commission

• Lithuania• Russia• Slovakia• Ukraine

• Armenia• Bulgaria• Czech Republic• Hungary• Kazakhstan

U.S.Industrial

Organizations

Host-CountryOrganizationsand NuclearPower Plants

DOE National Laboratories

Lead Technical and Administrative SupportPacific Northwest National Laboratory

Program Implementation

Policy &

Guidance

Participating

Countries

IG0011005.5

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Program History

• 1988 - The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. sign a Memorandum of Cooperation in the field of civilian nuclear reactor safety

• 1990 - DOE initiates a modest program to improve operational safety at Novovoronezh nuclear power plant in Russia

• May 1992 - U.S. announces the “Lisbon” safety initiative to– Enhance the operational safety of Soviet-designed reactors– Reduce risks at the least-safe designs (RBMKs and VVER 440/230s)– Enhance the capability of regulatory organizations

• July 1992 - U.S. goals are endorsed at the G-7 summit in Munich• September 1992 - Initial funding of $21.9M for DOE is provided under a

U.S. AID/DOE interagency agreement• 1993 - At the Vancouver Summit, President Clinton pledges $100M to

Russia for nuclear safety improvements• Since 1992, the program has expanded to encompass a broad range of

nuclear safety areas including training, safety equipment, safety evaluation, and fire protection in nine countries

IG0011005.6

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety (SDRS)

• The U.S. Department of Energy manages a comprehensive program, in cooperation with partners in other countries, to reduce risks at all Soviet-designed nuclear power plants.

• Countries participating in the program are Armenia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine (the host countries).

IG00050105/5/00

BeringSea

Sea of Okhotsk

Bilibino

(EAST) RUSSIA

Legend

VVER-440/230VVER-440/213VVER-1000RBMKBN-350BN-600LWGR-12

Smolensk

Kola

Leningrad

Kalinin

Khmelnytskyy

South UkraineZaporizhzhya

Dukovany

BalakovoKursk

Novovoronezh

Kozloduy

Paks

Black Sea CaspianSea

MediterraneanSea

AtlanticOcean Baltic

Sea

Chornobyl

RivneBohunice

Armenia

TURKMENISTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

ARMENIA

GEORGIA

TURKEY

BULGARIA

UKRAINE

ROMANIAITALY

GERMANYPOLAND BELARUS

LATVIA

SLOVAKIA

CZECHREP.

LITHUANIA

RUSSIA

FINLAND

SWEDEN

NORWAY

Beloyarsk

Aktau

Ignalina

HUNGARY

Moscow

Mochovce

IG0011005.7

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

SDRS Program RationaleSDRS Program RationaleProblems:Problems:• Inadequate operating procedures and trainingInadequate operating procedures and training

• Design deficienciesDesign deficiencies

• Lack of infrastructure to sustain safe operationLack of infrastructure to sustain safe operation

• Nuclear regulatory authority not centralizedNuclear regulatory authority not centralized

• Host-country need for electricity from the plants is Host-country need for electricity from the plants is greatgreat

Percent of Electricity from Nuclear Power (1999)

80

60

40

20

0Russia Czech

RepublicUkraineBulgariaHungary Slovakia Lithuania

1421

474438

47

73

Armenia

36

0.15

Kazakhstan

IG0011005.8

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Making Operations SaferMaking Operations Safer• Training CentersTraining Centers

–Established: Balakovo and KhmelnytskyyEstablished: Balakovo and Khmelnytskyy

–Training methodology being transferred to plants Training methodology being transferred to plants in Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Armeniain Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Armenia

• Analytical SimulatorsAnalytical Simulators–Chornobyl, Balakovo, Novovoronezh, BilibinoChornobyl, Balakovo, Novovoronezh, Bilibino

• Full-Scope SimulatorsFull-Scope Simulators–Khmelnytskyy, Rivne, South Ukraine, Khmelnytskyy, Rivne, South Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Kola, KalininZaporizhzhya, Kola, Kalinin

• Emergency Operating InstructionsEmergency Operating Instructions–Rivne, Zaporizhzhya, Chornobyl, Novovoronezh, Rivne, Zaporizhzhya, Chornobyl, Novovoronezh, Kola, Balakovo, Leningrad,Kola, Balakovo, Leningrad,Ignalina, KozloduyIgnalina, Kozloduy

• Safety Maintenance TechnologiesSafety Maintenance Technologies–Chornobyl, Kursk, Leningrad, Smolensk, Chornobyl, Kursk, Leningrad, Smolensk, Ignalina, Bilibino, ArmeniaIgnalina, Bilibino, Armenia

• Ultrasonic Inspection EquipmentUltrasonic Inspection Equipment–Chornobyl, Khmelnytskyy, Zaporizhzhya, South Chornobyl, Khmelnytskyy, Zaporizhzhya, South Ukraine, Rivne, Balakovo, Beloyarsk, Bilibino, Ukraine, Rivne, Balakovo, Beloyarsk, Bilibino, Kalinin, Kola, Kursk, Novovoronezh, Smolensk, Kalinin, Kola, Kursk, Novovoronezh, Smolensk, LeningradLeningrad

IG0011005.9

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Making Plants SaferMaking Plants Safer

• Safety Parameter Display Safety Parameter Display SystemsSystems– Chornobyl, Khmelnytskyy, Chornobyl, Khmelnytskyy,

Zaporizhzhya, South Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, South Ukraine, Rivne, Kursk, NovovoronezhRivne, Kursk, Novovoronezh

• Fire Protection EquipmentFire Protection Equipment– Chornobyl, Zaporizhzhya, Chornobyl, Zaporizhzhya,

Smolensk, Leningrad, Kozloduy, Smolensk, Leningrad, Kozloduy, ArmeniaArmenia

• Emergency Power Supply Emergency Power Supply SystemsSystems– Kola, Kursk, KozloduyKola, Kursk, Kozloduy

• Emergency Water Supply SystemsEmergency Water Supply Systems– Kursk, Novovoronezh, ArmeniaKursk, Novovoronezh, Armenia

IG0011005.10

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Building Infrastructure to Sustain Safety Building Infrastructure to Sustain Safety ImprovementsImprovements

• Safety Analyses

• Probabilistic Risk Assessments

• Plant specific assessments

• Validating analysis codes

• Fire Hazards Analyses

• Regulatory Support

IG0011005.11

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

International Safety Centers

Objectives:• Open exchange of nuclear information

• Developing enhanced nuclear safety technology

• Maintain in-country expertise in the nuclear sciences

• Coordinating work on safety of nuclear facilities

RINSCRussian International Nuclear Safety Center

KINSCKazakhstan International Nuclear Safety Center

INSCInternational Nuclear Safety Center

ICCInternational

Chornobyl Center

IRLInternational Radioecology Laboratory

SLIRTSlavutych Laboratory of International Research and Technology

IG0011005.12

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

SDRS Program StatusSDRS Program Status

• Roughly halfway through overall safety improvement effortRoughly halfway through overall safety improvement effort• Significant work lies aheadSignificant work lies ahead• Some work beginning to flow from safety assessmentsSome work beginning to flow from safety assessments

– Example, Ignalina Control and Protection SystemExample, Ignalina Control and Protection System• Host country economic problems make it difficult for the Host country economic problems make it difficult for the

plants to purchase safety equipment and technologyplants to purchase safety equipment and technology– Example, fire doors in UkraineExample, fire doors in Ukraine– Local company set up to manufacture doors, but plants Local company set up to manufacture doors, but plants

lack funds to purchase doorslack funds to purchase doors– Result: U.S. must provide both financial and technical Result: U.S. must provide both financial and technical

assistanceassistance

IG0011005.13

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

SDRS Significant Benefit Continues SDRS Significant Benefit Continues

• Reducing the likelihood of a nuclear accident that could destabilize new Reducing the likelihood of a nuclear accident that could destabilize new democratic governments, require a massive influx of international aid, democratic governments, require a massive influx of international aid, and threaten the viability of nuclear power worldwideand threaten the viability of nuclear power worldwide

• Promoting a stable business climate for international investments in Promoting a stable business climate for international investments in countries with Soviet-designed reactorscountries with Soviet-designed reactors

• Providing protection for the public, the economy, and the environmental Providing protection for the public, the economy, and the environmental health of host countries, European neighbors, and the world.health of host countries, European neighbors, and the world.

• A safety culture which will endure after the assistance has ended is A safety culture which will endure after the assistance has ended is being embeddedbeing embedded

IG0011005.14

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

• On June 5, 2000, Ukrainian President Leonid D. Kuchma On June 5, 2000, Ukrainian President Leonid D. Kuchma announced the closure of the Chornobyl nuclear power announced the closure of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant by December 15, 2000.plant by December 15, 2000.

• Closure of the last operating unit, Unit 3, at Chornobyl Closure of the last operating unit, Unit 3, at Chornobyl represents a major milestone for Ukraine, the United represents a major milestone for Ukraine, the United States, and the other G-7 nations.States, and the other G-7 nations.

• President Clinton authorized an additional $2 million in President Clinton authorized an additional $2 million in assistance to Ukraine as further compensation for assistance to Ukraine as further compensation for shutdown of Unit 3. A portion of this aid was allocated to shutdown of Unit 3. A portion of this aid was allocated to shutdown and deactivation activities, which includes shutdown and deactivation activities, which includes completion of a replacement heat plant.completion of a replacement heat plant.

Chornobyl ClosureChornobyl Closure

IG0011005.15

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Replacement Heat Plant for Chornobyl

• U.S. commitment to G-7 to complete construction of partially built heat plant

• One of the nine facilities needed for site heating and decommissioning

• 290 MWt, 30-year design life, natural gas fueled with mazute (heavy fuel oil) backup

• Chornobyl nuclear power plant has overall project management responsibility

• U.S. Team (PNNL, Babcock & Wilcox, Morrison-Knudsen) provides financial/ contract management and technical support

• Scheduled completion: Mid-year 2001

IG0011005.16

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Other Chornobyl safety initiativesOther Chornobyl safety initiatives• Supporting an international effort to prevent collapse of Supporting an international effort to prevent collapse of

the shelter around Chornobyl’s ruined reactor Unit 4, the shelter around Chornobyl’s ruined reactor Unit 4, suppress the radioactive dust inside the shelter, and suppress the radioactive dust inside the shelter, and protect shelter workers from radioactive and industrial protect shelter workers from radioactive and industrial hazardshazards

• Developing technical strategies for shutting down and Developing technical strategies for shutting down and deactivating the Chornobyl plantdeactivating the Chornobyl plant

• Establishing an international research laboratory center Establishing an international research laboratory center in the city of Slavutych, near the Chornobyl site, and a in the city of Slavutych, near the Chornobyl site, and a related center in Kyiv.related center in Kyiv.

IG0011005.17

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Chornobyl Shelter• Bilateral projects completed

• Transition to multilateral effort– European Bank (EBRD) managing

finances

– $387 million pledged in 1997; 22 countries participating

– Program Management Unit selected in April 1998

– B1/B2 beam upgrade complete

– $758 million pledge was committed in Summer 2000

– Consequently, Ukraine has committed to close Chornobyl Unit 3 reactor in late 2000

IG0011005.18

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Ukrainian Nuclear Fuel Technology Transfer

Objective: • Assist Ukraine in Achieving Enhanced Fuel

Design and Licensing Capability

Background:• Quid pro quo for Ukraine’s agreement to

halt the sale of reactor technology to Iran

Major Tasks:• Transfer fuel performance and design

codes and data

• Design and irradiate six lead test assemblies

• Transfer independent review capability to regulator

• Design and fabricate one reload batch of fuel (42 assemblies)

IG0011005.19

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Ukrainian Nuclear Fuel Technology TransferUkrainian Nuclear Fuel Technology Transfer

• Technology transfer and trainingTechnology transfer and training

• Fuel design, analysis, safety codes; fuel Fuel design, analysis, safety codes; fuel fabrication and testing; quality assurance; fabrication and testing; quality assurance; licensing; nuclear fuel cycle optimizationlicensing; nuclear fuel cycle optimization

• Assistance to State Nuclear Regulatory Assistance to State Nuclear Regulatory AdministrationAdministration

• Lead test assemblies (6) in 2003Lead test assemblies (6) in 2003

• Initial reload batch (42) in 2005Initial reload batch (42) in 2005

• Flow testFlow test

• A setback occurred when the test was A setback occurred when the test was postponed and equipment returned to the U.S. postponed and equipment returned to the U.S. Efforts under way to resolve this issue.Efforts under way to resolve this issue.

IG0011005.20

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Core Conversion Project

DoD Role• Executive Agent

• Funding Provider

DOE Role• Technical Coordination

• PNNL Support

Nizhny Novgorod

IG0011005.21

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Russian Plutonium Production Reactor SitesRussian Plutonium Production Reactor SitesThe reactor near Zheleznogorsk, ADE-2, started up in 1964 and is located inside a granite mountain

The Seversk reactors, ADE-4 and ADE-5,started up in 1964 and 1965, respectively,

and share a common reactor building

IG0011005.22

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Core Conversion BenefitsCore Conversion Benefits

• International security will be enhanced by stopping International security will be enhanced by stopping production of weapons-grade plutonium at the production of weapons-grade plutonium at the reactorsreactors

• The amount of spent fuel produced at the reactors will The amount of spent fuel produced at the reactors will be reduced ten-fold be reduced ten-fold

• Spent fuel reprocessing will no longer be neededSpent fuel reprocessing will no longer be needed• The converted reactors will be less expensive to The converted reactors will be less expensive to

operateoperate• Critically needed heat and electricity will continue to Critically needed heat and electricity will continue to

be providedbe provided

IG0011005.23

International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART

MENT OF ENER

GY

•UNITED

STATES OFAM

ERICA

Future TrendsFuture Trends

• Host country safety cultures and economies Host country safety cultures and economies become stronger allowing for more domestic become stronger allowing for more domestic resources for nuclear safetyresources for nuclear safety

• U.S. activities move from assistance toward U.S. activities move from assistance toward fully cooperative efforts to address long-term fully cooperative efforts to address long-term safety issuessafety issues

• Safety issues should come from detailed Safety issues should come from detailed safety analysis, both deterministic and risk safety analysis, both deterministic and risk basedbased