I.J. Kwame Aboh, PhD

Ag. Director

National Nuclear Research Institute

Ghana Atomic Energy Commission

P. O. Box LG80,

Legon

INTRODUCTION Basic Statistics on Ghana

GDP – US$1098

Life Expectancy – 63.4 years

Land area – 239460 Km2

Population – 24.2 million (2010)

>50% below 16 years

>80% population reside on 55% of land

Accra-Tema (25% of population)

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Introduction Africa consumes only about 3% of the world’s electricity (South Africa –

50%)

Tunisia, Algeria, South Africa, Gabon, Egypt and Morocco – 80% of Africa’s share

Hydro Power (until 1995 was 97% of Ghana’s power) - Volta Lake (8502 km2 and stores 1.5 x1011 m3)

Ghana experienced load-shedding in 1982, 1997, 2002, 2006 and 2007 with adverse impacts on our economy.

The First President, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was looking beyond hydro-electric power to the realms of atomic energy where sustainable power supply is not a dream but a scientific reality.

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Introduction “...We have therefore been compelled to enter the field of

Atomic energy, because this already promises to yield the greatest economic source of power since the beginning of man.

Our success in this field would enable us to solve the many sided problems which face us in all the spheres of our development in Ghana and in Africa. We have always stood for the use of fissionable material exclusively for peaceful ends. …

I dedicate this reactor to the progress of true science, to the application of science to the well-being of man, to the enlargement of his spirit and to the promotion of peace”

OSAGYEFO DR. KWAME NKRUMAH, 25th NOVEMBER 1963

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

THE CURRENT POWER PRODUCTION (1950 MW) IN GHANA IS MADE UP OF THE FOLLOWING;

58

37

5

Hydro

Thermal

Diesel

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

2009 BUDGET PRESENTED TO PARLIAMENT

ON THE 10TH

MARCH 2009 INDICATED THAT

GHANA WILL HAVE TO INCREASE HER POWER

GENERATION CAPACITY TO 5,000 MW IN THE

MEDIUM TERM (2019-2020)

FROST AND SULLIVAN ALSO STATED ON JULY

13, 2009 THAT BY 2014 THE COUNTRY WILL

REQUIRE AN ADDITIONAL ELECTRICITY

GENERATION CAPACITY OF 2,000 MW

Current Situation

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

CURRENTLY , GHANA’S ADDITIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTION OPTIONS ARE LIMITED TO FOLLOWING SOURCES:

VRA (TT1PP-THERMAL) - 126 MW

TEMA (TT2PP- THERMAL) - 49.5 MW

KPONE ASOGLI(THERMAL) - 560 MW

OSAGYEFO BARGE - 125 MW

BUI (HYDRO) - 400 MW*

TOTAL - 1,261.5 MW

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

THE SHORT FALL IS 738.5 MW

THIS MEANS THAT GHANA WILL EXPERIENCE ANOTHER POWER CRISIS BY THE YEAR 2014

OPTIONS

NO LARGE HYDO

TOTAL ASSESSED RENEWABLES - 550MW

MORE THERMAL PLANTS (OIL, GAS or COAL)

NUCLEAR

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

TYPE OF POWER

PLANT

CAPACITY

(MW)

GENEARATION COST

(CENTS/KWH)

Bui Hydro 400 6.9 – 7.8

Juale Hydro 87 8.1

Pwalugu Hydro 48 9.3

Awisam Hydro 50 12.6

Hemang Hydro 80 11.4

Takoradi Gas

Combined

Cycle

300 5.0– 5.5

AP 600 – Nuclear 600 6.0 – 8.0

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1995 2000 2004 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Historical and Projected Peak Demand (MW) for the Three Scenarios

Reference High Economic Growth Low Economic Growth

Peak demand for the various scenarios using

IAEA MAED model

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Techno-economic Assessment

Grid Infrastructure & Sitting

Human Resource

Legal

Regulatory

Technology Assessment

Nuclear Power Management and Stakeholders’ Involvement

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Technical Committees

Current Grid Size (3000 MW) by 2020 (5000MW )

West African Power Pool (20000 MW) by 2020

Reactor type – PWR (though BWR not completely excluded)

Passive Safety System (a must)

Proven Technology – in use for 10 years or with minimum modifications

Economics – Low construction and O&M cost. BOO/ BOOT or Export credit necessary

Reactor Characteristics

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Considering the factors affecting reactor choice SMRs are favourable for the following reasons:

It will be easier to finance the construction of such reactors

Such reactors are suitable for our grid size

In case of reactor shut down the shortfall in electric power is low

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Nuclear Professionals in

Ghana

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

<30 30-50 51-60 >60

Male

Female

Fig. 1: Distribution of Nuclear

Scientists by Age and Gender,

(E.A. Agyeman,2003)

Age (Years)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

RS E S UL OTH

Male

Female

Profession

Fig. 2: Distribution of Nuclear Scientists by

Profession and Gender (E.A. Agyeman, 2003)

RS=research scientists,

E=engineers, S=students,

UL=university lecturers, OTH=others

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

< 30 30-50 51-60 >60

RS

E

S

UL

OTH

Age (years)

Fig. 3: Distribution of Nuclear Scientists by

Profession and Age (E.A. Agyeman, 2003)

Human Resource Development

Established the Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science at Ghana Atomic Energy Commission in collaboration with University of Ghana, Legon and in Cooperation with IAEA

Training high caliber of Nuclear Scientists and Engineers in the areas of Health, Industry, Agriculture, Environment and socio-economic development of Ghana and Africa

IAEA Regional designated Centre for Nuclear Knowledge Management and Human Resource Development

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

SNAS runs 11 Academic programmes accredited by the NAB and IAEA

Programs being run at SNAS meet national, regional and International needs for human resource development. Programmes:

Applied Nuclear Physics (ANPH)

Nuclear and Radiochemistry (NURC)

Nuclear Environmental Protection (ENVP)

Nuclear Earth Sciences (NUES)

Radiation Protection (RADP)

Medical Physics (MPHY)

Nuclear Engineering (Reactor, Computational & Materials) (NUEG)

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

SNAS ADMISSIONS

ANPH ENVP NENG NUAG NURC RADP MPHY NUES TOT.

06/07 7 4 7 3 4 6 5 - 36

07/08 5 6 10 5 7 5 3 - 41

08/09 3 7 10 3 4 7 2 4 43

09/10 5 9 9 6 6 15 3 2 45

10/11 4 5 11 5 3 10 4 4 46

11/12 5 7 11 6 2 13 7 3 54

PhD

2 3 6 1 3 3 2 20

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SNAS INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES

IAEA

M. Phil. Nuclear Science and Technology (AFRA)

Postgraduate Diploma in Radiation Protection

M.Phil Nuclear Security

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Conclusion

Nuclear Power is included in Ghana’s Energy policy for the Medium to Long Term

Human Resources is being developed

Various Technical Committees are working to come out with appropriate strategies

SMRs are looking very promising for our situation

Nuclear Regulatory Authority Bill – in Parliament and undergoing public hearings

Additional Protocols have been signed and rectified

MOU with some Technology Holders’ States are being worked on

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA

Hopefully Ghana will get it right this time to solve its Power problems by including Nuclear in its Energy Mix

THANK YOU

IAEA TM/WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT FOR NEAR TERM DEPLOYMENT, 5-9 DEC. 2011, VIENNA