Date post: | 23-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | stuart-bennett |
View: | 227 times |
Download: | 2 times |
(Illustrative example of a good team power point presentation)
New constitution (1958) strengthened the presidency
Other reforms◦ Education◦ Social security◦ Stabilized currency
Gaullist are one of the two main political currents in France
1960’s stimulate the city’s emergence as a major international metropolis.
1960- PADOG was adopted 1965- Schema Directeur became official
policy Goals
◦ Change traffic patterns◦ Create signature buildings that glorified French
culture
Served as French President 1981-1995
Socialist Favored a less
ambitious plan Overriding goal:
to leave his personal mark on the Paris landscape
Newly constructed landmarks transformed the city into an international metropolis
Paris became an important center of culture and the arts
Projects initiated by Mitterrand are some of the more famous landmarks in France today
Gaullist view of functions of urban environment of Paris◦ reinforce French centralism ◦ Reinforce perceptions of French dominance in
Western Europe◦ Proclaim French power on the international
scene◦ Serve as a counter to U.S. power and influence
Militarily and economically France could not rise above the status of a second rank power
Signature projects proclaimed the cultural the grandeur of French culture to all of Europe
Projects created resources for dispensing patronage
The Louvre
Mitterrand hand picked American architect I.P. Pei to design the remodel of the famous Louvre
Opposed by the conservative French at first review
Mitterrand willed the project through the French government
French National Library (Bibliothèque de France)
Commissioned by Mitterrand after the success of the Louvre project.
Designed by Dominique Perrault. Cost: $1.5 billion U.S. Chosen for its grandeur and open spaces.
Problems with glass construction Problems with staffing Exorbitant costs
La Grande Arche
Designer: Johann Otto von Spreckelsen
Over 350 feet tall Victory arches of the
past merged with the economy and culture of the present
Over 95,000 square meters of office space
Popular with French nationalists
Museum's stated goal: to treat non-Western art with the same deference that, the Louvre gives to Greek, Roman and Renaissance art
Stands on a prime piece of real estate, ◦ Left Bank of the Seine, ◦ One block from the Eiffel Tower.
Founded upon conviction of — the equal dignity of the cultures of the world —(President Jaques Chirac)
A cultural monument to Chirac’s two terms in office?
1) In what ways do the French ruling classes associate architectural grandeur with nationalism?
2) What are the most important differences in the kind of architectural projects favored by the Gaullists and Socialists
To what extent do you think that ordinary Frenchmen experience the feelings of the ruling elites when they experience the architectural grandeur of Paris?