Immigration Trends in

MinnesotaBarbara J. Ronningen

State Demographic Center

Who Immigrates?

Young people - most immigrants are young working-age adults

About half are female and half male About 30% of immigrants return home EXCEPT for

refugees Refugees must prove that their lives are in danger

in their homeland In 2000, 69% of immigrants came to join family

(family preference) In 2000, 13% of immigrants came to work

(employment preference) In 2000, 8% of immigrants came as refugees

What Data is Available?INS Statistical Yearbook

MN Dept. of Health Refugee Data

MN Dept. of Health Birth Certificates

MN DCFL Language Spoken at Home Data

MN DCFL Ethnicity and Race Data

US Census Data on Race, Ethnicity, Ancestry, Foreign Born and Language

Immigration to U.S. Reflects Law Changes

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

2000000

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

IRCA passed in 1986

Total immigrants - 849,807 1 to 100 100 to 500 500 to 1,000 1,000 to 5,000 5,000 to 100,000 173,919 to 173,919 Missing

Immigration to the U.S.2000

Source: INS

173,919

18201830

18401850

18601870

18801890

19001910

19201930

19401950

19601970

19801990

20000%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AfricaSouth America

North America Asia Europe

Half of All Immigrants Come from North America 25% from Mexico

U.S. 1820 through 2000

Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

We're Number 1!Largest population of Somali immigrantsHighest proportion of refugeesSecond highest population of HmongHighest number coming for the winter

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

Recent Immigration Trends in Minnesota Reflect Refugee

Numbers

Total immigrants - 8,671 0 to 25 25 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 500 500 to 604 Missing

Immigration to the Minnesota2000

Source: INS

15%13%

8% 6% 8%

12%14% 15% 16%

14% 14%

8% 7%

46%

34%

39% 40% 41%

34%36%

42%45%

42%39%

24%

14%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

U.S. MinnesotaSource: Immigration and Naturalization Service

Refugees Flock to Minnesota % of All Immigrants Who Are Refugees

Or Do They?

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

Percent

Un

ited

Sta

tes

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Min

nes

ota

Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

Minnesota's Share of U.S. Immigration is Small But Proportion of Refugees is

Higher

Detailed data on refugees for 2000 is not yet available.Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

0.9%

0.7%

0.5%0.4% 0.4%

0.7%0.8% 0.9%

1.1%1.0% 1.0% 1.1%

0.9%1.0%

2.8%

2.0%

2.7% 2.7%

2.2%2.0%

2.1%

2.5%

3.2%

2.9%2.9%

3.2%

2.0%

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 19990.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

Politics Likely Cause of Change in Origin of Orphans

18,120

6,911

8,639

1,890

452 217

14,867

5,457

7,393

1,344497 171

8,200

2,371

3,684

847 1,20583

TotalEurope

AsiaNo. America

So. AmericaAfrica

0

5

10

15

20

Tho

usan

ds 1994

1998

2000

Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

Minority Growth Accounts for Much of Population Growth in Rural Areas

1

24

5

17

9

12

3

5

1

24

7

21

12 12

56

Pop & Min. lossPop loss Min. gain

Up to 10%10 - 25%

25% - 50%50 - 100%

100 - 200%More than 200%

All counties Rural counties

Rural counties exclude 7 Twin Cities counties, Stearns, Sherburne, Benton, St. Louis and Olmsted

26.2%24.3%

37.5% 37.8% 37.5% 38.2%

TotalWhite

African AmericanAsian & P.I.

American IndianHispanic

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

Percent under 18

Minority Populations Much Younger than White Population

Source: 2000 Census

Minnesota = 11.8% 1.2% to 4.0% 4.0% to 8.0% 8.0% to 11.8% 11.8% to 37.3%

Minority Population in 2000Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Minnesota = 260,454

29 to 100

100 to 1,000

1,000 to 10,000

10,000 to 20,000

50,000 to 110,487

Foreign Born Residents2000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Minnesota = Asia

North America

Asia

Europe

Latin America

Predominant Origin of Foreign Born Residents2000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Births to Mothers Born Outside U.S. Continue to Increase

Source: MN Department of Health

5.8%

1.8%

0.3% 0.0%

7.9%

2.0%1.2%

0.1%

10.0%

2.0% 1.9%

0.4%

11.9%

1.8%2.6%

0.9%

13.7%

1.8%

3.3%

1.2%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

All non-U.S. Laos Mexico Somalia

% o

f A

ll B

irth

s

1990 1995 1997 1999 2000

Minnesota = 13.7%

.0% to .0%

.0% to 2.0%

2.0% to 10.0%

10.0% to 20.0%

20.0% to 29.0%

More Babies Born to Foreign-Born Mothers2000

Source: MN Department of Health

Minority Student Numbers Increase 1991-92 to 2001-02

7118

4398

12415

9748

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Kindergarten 12th Grade

1991-1992 2001-2002

11%

8%

21%

11%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Kindergarten 12th Grade

1991-1992 2001-2002

One in Five Kindergarten Students is Minority

Source: Department of Children, Families and Learning

Minnesota = 69,618

0 to 0

0 to 179

201 to 940

2,760 to 3,977

21,937 to 23,347

Students Who Do NOT Speak English at Home2002

Source: MN Department of Children, Families and Learning

Minnesota = 22,042

0 to 0

1 to 50

51 to 673

6,476 to 13,745

Students Who Speak Hmong at Home2002

Source: MN Department of Children, Families and Learning

Minnesota = 20,706

0 to 0

1 to 100

101 to 439

513 to 1,013

3,780 to 6,429

Students Who Speak Spanish at Home2002

Source: MN Department of Children, Families and Learning

Minnesota = 5,445

0 to 0

1 to 100

101 to 315

701 to 2,946

Students Who Speak Somali at Home2002

Source: MN Department of Children, Families and Learning

Minnesota = 2,053

0 to 0

1 to 63

118 to 327

812 to 812

Students Who Speak Russian at Home2002

Source: MN Department of Children, Families and Learning

Illegal Immigrant Numbers Small but Growing in Minnesota

In 1998, 1,800 illegal immigrants were deported from Minnesota, South Dakota and North Dakota.

46% of those arrested in 1990 had committed a crime (other than working in the U.S. without appropriate papers). In 2001, the rate was almost 90% .

INS estimates about 6 to 11 million illegal immigrants resident in the U.S. with about 40% in California.

More than half of all illegal immigrants in U.S. are from Mexico.

41% of illegal immigrants are undocumented "overstays."

Illegal Immigrant Arrests Focus on Criminal Involvement

405

1198

2052

1474

187

599

14331324

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1990 1996 1999 2001

Total Arests Criminally Involved

Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service

Most INS Arrests are Mexican Nationals

St. Paul District

Mexico - 1,105 Guatemala - 39 El Salvador - 39 Ecuador - 28 Honduras - 28 Somalia - 14 Nigeria - 10 Canada - 9 Liberia - 9

Fewer Immigrants in the Future?

Post-September 11

Minnesota less "welcoming"

Recession and fewer jobs

For More Data on Immigration Wilder Foundation report on immigration:

http://www.wilder.org/research/reports.html?summary=89

Immigration and Naturalization Service:http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/aboutins/statistics/index.htm

State Demographic Centerhttp://www.mnplan.state.mn.us/demography/

H.A.C.E.R. (University of Minnesota)http://www.hacer-mn.org/

Chicano Latino Affairs Council (C.L.A.C.) http://www.clac.state.mn.us/chicanos.htm