Imperialism: An Introduction & A Conclusion

Global Studies IIChapter 21 & 22

From Nationalism to Imperialism

Long Term Effects of Nationalism

Race to gain colonial empires outside Europe Growing economic rivalry for world markets Increasing militarism

Immediate Effects of NationalismUnification of Germany & Italy Industrialization to expand

military & economic powerGrowing rivalry among nations

for territory

Clashes between conservatives, liberals & nationalists for social &

political power

Causes of NationalismStrong leaders promote unity

[Bismarck, Cavour]Economic benefits of unity

[Zollverein]Napoleon’s France as a model for

national prideArt & Literature promote

national culture & heritage

The New Imperialism

With the Industrial Revolution& unification of powerful new nations like Germany…..

Imperialism in the 1800’s was spurred by economic, political, social & military interests

The new imperialism can be defined as… not only the extension of a nation’s power over other land but also direct control over these vast territories

Causes of the New Imperialism

• Older Civilizations were in decline

The Mughal Empire(India)

Qing Dynasty (China)

The Ottoman Empire(Middle East)

Causes of the New Imperialism

Political CausesAcquiring colonies was seen as powerful a

symbol of prestige & greatnessThree types of imperial control were used:

Spheres of influence: exclusive trading rights given to an imperial power

Indirect Control: keeping local rulers in place but influencing them to your benefit

Direct Control: replacing local rulers with western ones

Causes of the New Imperialism

Who is the main figure?

What animal is England represented as ?

For what is England reaching?

Causes of the New Imperialism

Causes of the New Imperialism

Economic CausesSearch for raw materials like rubber, oil, tin

for industrySearch for new markets to sell finished

goodsTo establish ports for refueling between

long distances

Causes of New Imperialism

Causes of the New Imperialism

Social CausesMissionaries who traveled to convert

indigenous peoples to ChristianityMany Europeans who believed in Social

DarwinismMany Europeans who believed they were

bringing the tools of civilization … laws, inventions, education

Causes of the New ImperialismFrom Rudyard Kipling’s poem The White Man’s Burden (1899)Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.

Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

Causes of the New Imperialism

Technological causesEuropeans had achieved new medical

technology like quinine which allowed them be in places where disease like malaria had previously prevented them

Europeans had more advanced weaponry to defeat any resistance encountered

New Imperialism Across the Globe

The European nations will look to control Southeast Asia

For example, France will take over present day Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam

New Imperialism Across the Globe

The Europeans will look to controlAfrica

British control of Egypt , Sudan, Uganda, and South Africa (among others)

New Imperialism Across the Globe

The Europeans will look to controlEast Asia & South Asia

Just about everyone, including the US, makes a grab for parts of China

Effects of the New Imperialism

• Many of the colonies will resist imperial control– Latin American revolutions (1820’s)– Sepoy Mutiny in India (1857)– Egyptian Army revolt in Egypt (1881)– Boxer Rebellion in China (1900)

Effects of the New Imperialism

• For the colonies…– Traditional ways of life were destroyed– Many were kept in lower social class positions in

comparison to Europeans– Natural resources were depleted by the

Europeans– Many became economically dependent upon

Europe

Effects of the New Imperialism

• For the colonies….– Often new roads and railroads were built– Increased access to education and technology of

the West – Capitalism and democracy were introduced as

examples of a modern way of life

Effects of the New Imperialism

• For the Imperial power…– Increased access to raw materials for industry– Increased territory for settlement– Increased trade meant increased profit– New people to convert to Christianity to “civilize”

Effects of the New Imperialism

• For the Imperial power…– Increased rivalry with other European nations will

lead to conflict– Increased tension with native peoples will lead to

revolts and wars for independence

Effects of the New Imperialism

• For both groups…– New goods were introduced and traded– Overall knowledge of the world increased– Travel between different regions increased– Common values regarding human rights will

begin to take root

Effects of the New Imperialism

• Long Term effects?– World War I– Post World War II independence movements– Today’s cycle of poverty between rich and poor

nations?– Continued ethnic tensions between groups who

were treated differently by Europeans?– Other ??