Imperialism Through Imperialism Through the Presidentsthe Presidents

US HistoryUS History

A brief recapA brief recap

BELLWORK- 12/4BELLWORK- 12/4

►Why did the United States Want To Why did the United States Want To Expand?Expand?

►What would motivate them to go to What would motivate them to go to War?War?

1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy 1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy (1900-1908)(1900-1908)

►Wanted greater US Wanted greater US involvement in world involvement in world affairs.affairs.

► Advocated for peaceful Advocated for peaceful relations, but wanted a relations, but wanted a strong American strong American presence in to ensure presence in to ensure US prosperity.US prosperity.

► America as world America as world policemanpoliceman

► ““Speak softly and Speak softly and carry a big stick”carry a big stick”

2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” 2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” (1909)(1909)

► Encouraged US to invest Encouraged US to invest in foreign relationsin foreign relations

► Dollars, not bullets, would Dollars, not bullets, would advance US authority and advance US authority and ensure stability.ensure stability.

► Ordered troops to Haiti, Ordered troops to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. and Mexico.

► Use of force was a way to Use of force was a way to teach other nations how teach other nations how to establish law and to establish law and order.order.

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” (1912)(1912)

► US should champion US should champion democracy around the democracy around the globe and help maintain globe and help maintain world peace.world peace.

► Emphasized American Emphasized American ideals like democracy, ideals like democracy, believed America should believed America should help spread those ideals.help spread those ideals.

► Caused US to meddle in Caused US to meddle in affairs in Latin America affairs in Latin America (esp. Mexico) and Asia.(esp. Mexico) and Asia.

The Imperialist PowersThe Imperialist Powers

The ImperialistsThe Imperialists

► Great BritainGreat Britain► FranceFrance► BelgiumBelgium► GermanyGermany► JapanJapan

IdeologyIdeology► Nationalism, or love of one’s Nationalism, or love of one’s

countrycountry► Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism, a belief , a belief

in the cultural superiority of in the cultural superiority of western nations over less western nations over less industrially developed industrially developed nationsnations

► Christian missionaries Christian missionaries sought to convert believers sought to convert believers of other faiths. of other faiths.

Taking Control of HawaiiTaking Control of Hawaii

► British explorer James Cook first visited Hawaii in 1778.British explorer James Cook first visited Hawaii in 1778.► Hawaii was ideally located for coaling stations and bases for Hawaii was ideally located for coaling stations and bases for

ships trading between the U.S. and Asia.ships trading between the U.S. and Asia.► American missionaries and others came to Hawaii and raised American missionaries and others came to Hawaii and raised

crops, particularly sugarcane.crops, particularly sugarcane.► The sugar industry grew and gained influence and control.The sugar industry grew and gained influence and control.► King KalakauaKing Kalakaua negotiated a treaty that made Hawaiian sugar negotiated a treaty that made Hawaiian sugar

cheap to import to the United States.cheap to import to the United States.► Sugar planters overthrew Sugar planters overthrew Queen LiliuokalaniQueen Liliuokalani with the help of with the help of

the U.S. marines.the U.S. marines.► Sugar tycoon Sanford Dole became president of the Republic of Sugar tycoon Sanford Dole became president of the Republic of

Hawaii.Hawaii.► Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

The Open Door Policy gives the United States an The Open Door Policy gives the United States an equal footing in China.equal footing in China.

• European powers gained spheres of influence in China.

• The United States feared it would be shut out of the valuable China trade.

• Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy, giving all nations equal trading rights in China.

• Increased foreign presence in China led to the Boxer Rebellion.

• Western nations cooperated to quell the rebellion and continue exploitation of Chinese trade.

Diplomacy and naval superiority help the U.S. gain Diplomacy and naval superiority help the U.S. gain influence in Japan.influence in Japan.

► Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the mid-Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the mid-1800s.1800s.

► Commodore Matthew Perry brought four steamships into Commodore Matthew Perry brought four steamships into Tokyo Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its ports to Tokyo Bay in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its ports to trade.trade.

► Japan quickly became an industrial and military power to Japan quickly became an industrial and military power to compete with the West.compete with the West.

Americans Get War FeverAmericans Get War Fever

► Newspapers reported the uprising with dramatic headlines Newspapers reported the uprising with dramatic headlines and articles.and articles.

► A letter written by the Spanish minister to the U.S., A letter written by the Spanish minister to the U.S., Enrique Dupuy de Loome, which ridiculed President Enrique Dupuy de Loome, which ridiculed President McKinley, was published by the McKinley, was published by the New York Journal.New York Journal.

► The battleship USS The battleship USS MaineMaine blew up in Havana harbor, killing blew up in Havana harbor, killing 260 American sailors.260 American sailors.

► Although there was no proof, the explosion was blamed on Although there was no proof, the explosion was blamed on a Spanish mine, galvanizing U.S. support for war with a Spanish mine, galvanizing U.S. support for war with Spain.Spain.

http://www.schooltube.com/http://www.schooltube.com/video/1706589f7f47fa6ef28c/video/1706589f7f47fa6ef28c/

The Course of the WarThe Course of the War

The PhilippinesThe Philippines► Future President Theodore Future President Theodore

Roosevelt sent Commodore Roosevelt sent Commodore George DeweyGeorge Dewey orders to orders to prepare for war against Spain.prepare for war against Spain.

► Dewey engaged the Spanish Dewey engaged the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.fleet in Manila Bay.

► Steel- and iron-hulled U.S. Steel- and iron-hulled U.S. ships helped to defeat the ships helped to defeat the Spaniards.Spaniards.

► Filipino rebels, led by Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Emilio AguinaldoAguinaldo, had already been , had already been fighting Spain.fighting Spain.

► Surrounded by Dewey (at sea) Surrounded by Dewey (at sea) and Aguinaldo (on land), and Aguinaldo (on land), Spanish forces surrendered.Spanish forces surrendered.

CubaCuba► U.S. War Department was U.S. War Department was

unprepared for war in Cuba.unprepared for war in Cuba.► American strategy was to American strategy was to

control the port city of control the port city of Santiago.Santiago.

► Theodore Roosevelt’s Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough RidersRough Riders helped gain helped gain control of the city at the control of the city at the Battle of San Juan HillBattle of San Juan Hill. .

► The U.S. Navy sank the The U.S. Navy sank the entire Spanish fleet off the entire Spanish fleet off the coast of Cuba.coast of Cuba.

U.S. victory over Spain elevated the American U.S. victory over Spain elevated the American position in the world.position in the world.

• Spain gave up all claims to Cuba.

• The United States gained territory in Puerto Rico and Guam.

• Spain turned over the Philippines for $20 million.

• Territorial gains strengthened the military and economic position of the United States.

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

• The U.S. Senate narrowly approved annexation of the Philippines in February 1899.

• Fighting broke out in the Philippines. Filipino independence fighters battled U.S. soldiers for three years.

• Filipino voters did have a voice in government. They were able to elect members to the lower house of their legislature. They could elect members of both houses in 1916.

• On July 4, 1946, the United States finally granted full independence to the Philippines.

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

BackgroundBackground

► The Monroe Doctrine, proclaimed The Monroe Doctrine, proclaimed in 1823, declared the Western in 1823, declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to Hemisphere off-limits to European nations.European nations.

► After the Spanish-American War, After the Spanish-American War, presidents backed up the presidents backed up the Monroe Doctrine with military Monroe Doctrine with military strength.strength.

► In 1904, the Dominican Republic In 1904, the Dominican Republic could not pay back European could not pay back European lenders. To prevent Europeans lenders. To prevent Europeans from using force to collect the from using force to collect the debt, Roosevelt issued the debt, Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary.Roosevelt Corollary.

The Roosevelt Corollary

• The United States pledged to use force to prevent European countries from seizing Dominican territory.

• The United States took control of collecting Dominican customs duties.

• The Corollary was issued without seeking approval from any Latin American nation.

• The Roosevelt Corollary succeeded in bringing more stability to the region.