IMPLEMENTASI ASEAN’S 6-POINTS PRINCIPLES ON

THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DI LAUT TIONGKOK

SELATAN 2012-2016

SKRIPSI

MUNAYYA ANASHUHA

131.0412.048

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

2017

IMPLEMENTASI ASEAN’S 6-POINTS PRINCIPLES ON

THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DI LAUT TIONGKOK

SELATAN 2012-2016

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana

(S1) Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

MUNAYYA ANASHUHA

131.0412.048

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

2017

i

PERNYATAAN ORISINILITAS

ii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI

iii

PENGESAHAAN

iv

IMPLEMENTASI ASEAN’S 6-POINTS PRINCIPLES ON

THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DI LAUT TIONGKOK

SELATAN 2012-2016

Munayya Anashuha

Abstrak

Penelitian mengenai Implementasi ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on The

South Sea dilakuka untuk mencari solusi untuk menyelesaikan konflik klaim

tumpang tindih di kawasan Laut Tiongkok Selatan antara Negara Anggota

ASEAN dan Tiongkok yang disebut sebagai claimant states, ASEAN

Melahirkan dokumen kesepahaman yang disebut Declaration on the

Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) pada tahun 2002.

Membutuhkan waktu yang lama sampai ASEAN melalui Indonesia

menginisiasi dikeluarkannya Code of Conduct (COC) yang sampai saat ini

belum terlaksana. Kemudian melalui berbagai konsultasi Working Group

ASEAN-Tiongkok, melahirkan dokumen terkait konflik Laut Tiongkok

Selatan, yaitu ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the South China Sea.

Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana Implementasi prinsip tersebut dengan

konsep kerjasama keamanan regional. Peneliti memilih periode 2012 sampai

2016, karena untuk membatasi jangkauan penelitian dan 2012 merupakan

awal lahirnya ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the South China Sea.

Penelitian ini merupakan tipe penelitian kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data

menggunakan studi pustaka dan wawancara. Dari penelitian ini hasilnya

dapat terlihat bahwa Implementasi ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the

South China Sea di Laut Tiongkok Selatan belum maksimal, karena belum

semua prinsip didalamnya berhasil diterapkan.

Kata kunci: klaim Laut Tiongkok Selatan, claimant states, kerjasama

keamanan regional, ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the South China Sea,

ASEAN

v

IMPLEMENTATION OF ASEAN’S 6-POINTS

PRINCIPLES ON THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AT SOUTH

TIONGKOK SEA 2012-2016

Munayya Anashuha

Abstract

Implementation of ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on The South China Sea is

to finding solution for LTS disputes between Tiongkok and some of

ASEAN Member States, as we called it as claimant states. ASEAN Foreign

Minister with Tiongkok Foreign Minister declare a document, named

Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) in

2002 for the first time as Peace Resolution within the conflict. It takes

longest time for implementing the Code of Conduct (COC) which is not

done yet. After ASEAN-Tiongkok Working Group, they blow up another

document named ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the South China Sea.

This research want to see how ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the South

China Sea implemented in South Tiongkok Sea from 2012 until 2016, using

Regional Security Cooperation concept. 2012 was a year when the ASEAN’s

6-Points Principles on the South China Sea has been declared, and also this

periodic to help researcher limits the range of research.This study have

qualitative research and using Literature review and interview. The results

of this research can be seen that Implementation of ASEAN’s 6-Points

Principles on the South China Sea, is done yet to show maximum results,

because not every point of principles been implemented yet.

Keywords: South Tiongkok Sea Disputes, claimant states, Regional

Security Cooperation, ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on the South China Sea,

ASEAN

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan

kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala karunia-Nya sehingga skripsi ini dapat

diselesaikan. Judul dari skripsi yang penulis susun adalah “Implementasi

ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on The South China Sea di Laut Tiongkok

Selatan 2012-2016”. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan skripsi ini

tidak lepas dari segala kekurangan dan kesalahan. Mas Ahmad Alfajri, MA

selaku dosen pembimbing yang cukup sabar dalam memberikan kritik dan

saran dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.

Kepada Abi, Umi, Eyangti, Eyangkung, Sarah, Bibil, Afel, Nisa, Ameh dan

Eyangti dan Eyangkung Tamjan, thanks for the daily spirit, pressure, loves

also Doa; Thanks to my wisely and Insya Allah my last forever Man I’ve

ever had AIRLANGGA PERMANA PUTRA for the support, patience,

affection and of course your Doa that given me strength till I finished this

research; Thanks to KAREN, ECA, NIKEN my supporting machine also

my greatest foe, I’ll always love you all and hate you at the same time,

#KissFlies #MENK. SOLIDIR13 Terima kasih pengalaman kuliah 4

tahunnya. Untuk partner BEM FISIPku Emon, Megap, Norma, Kak ciwe,

setiya, ndoy, kak eci, kak tofik, yasmin, kak dokoy, kelbi, Bang Ipul,

babang dillah, Gema, thanks for teached me how to “dance” in

Organizations for two years #KGLN. To PTRI ASEAN Staff, mba Mita,

mba dita, mba shya, mas niki, pak kemi thanks for helped me in this

research. Highschoolbabe, Yudit, atya, ida, bella, hobah, tiya, bolang, vivi,

uti thanks for the support. Terima kasih untuk teman-teman nongkrong

tamjan Katob, kaje, alif, Nofa, Kelbi, dwiki, kiki, melisa, tiara, suci Danil,

inyong(the best one) thanks for the laugh and stories in the past 4 years,

Thanks buat pengalaman dari teman-teman baru yang sering jadi Orator di

Demonstrasi Mahasiswa, Teo, Robby, Irlan, Nje, Ican, makasih sudah

ngajarin perpolitikan mahasiwa. Serta kepada pihak-pihak yang telah

memberikan pengalaman serta kesempatan untuk mengembangkan potensi

penulis, BEM FISIP UPN “Veteran” Jakarta Kabinet Inspiratif Memberi

Arti #KGLN dan Kabinet Elaboratif #Ojokendor, BKD Ikatan Lembaga

Mahasiswa Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Se-Indonesia (ILMISPI) . Akhir

kata, penulis memohon maaf yang sebesar-besarnya apabila di dalam

penyusunan skripsi ini masih terdapat kesalahan atau kekurangan. Untuk itu

besar harapan penulis agar skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca.

vii

DAFTAR ISI

PERNYATAAN ORISINILITAS ................................................................... i

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .......................................... ii

PENGESAHAAN ......................................................................................... iii

Abstrak .......................................................................................................... iv

Abstract .......................................................................................................... v

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .............................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1

I.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1

I.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................. 4

I.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 5

I.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................ 5

I.5 Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................... 5

I.6 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................ 11

I.7 Asumsi ................................................................................................ 13

I.8 Alur Pemikiran .................................................................................... 13

I.9 Metode Penelitian ............................................................................... 13

I.9.1 Jenis penelitian ....................................................................................... 13

I.9.2 Teknik Pengumpulan data ...................................................................... 14

I.9.3 Teknik Analisa Data ............................................................................... 15

I.10 Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................. 15

BAB II ASEAN DAN TIONGKOK DALAM KONFLIK LAUT

TIONGKOK SELATAN DAN UPAYA PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK

MELALUI ASEAN’S 6-POINTS PRINCIPLES ON THE SOUTH CHINA

SEA .............................................................................................................. 18

II.1 ASEAN dan Laut Tiongkok Selatan .................................................. 18

viii

II.1.2 Posisi Tiongkok dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan (LTS). ..... 21

II.2 Upaya ASEAN dan Tiongkok dalam menyelesaikan konflik Laut

Tiongkok Selatan (LTS) melalui ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles On The

South China Sea. ......................................................................................... 24

II.3 ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on The South China Sea ........................ 27

BAB III IMPLEMENTASI ASEAN’s 6 POINTS PRINCIPLES ON THE

SOUTH CHINA SEA DI LAUT TIONGKOK SELATAN (LTS) ............... 35

III.1 Implementasi ASEAN’s 6-Points Principles on The South China

Sea…………... ......................................................................................... 35

III.1.1 The full implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in

the South China Sea (2002). ........................................................................... 37

III.1.2 The Guidelines for the Implementation of the Declaration on the

Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (2011). ......................................... 39

III.1.3 The early conclusion of a Regional Code of Conduct in the South

China Sea. ....................................................................................................... 40

III.1.4 The fill respect of the universally recognized principles of International

Law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

(UNCLOS). ..................................................................................................... 41

III.1.5 The continued exercise of self-restraint and non-use of force by all

parties. ............................................................................................................. 42

III.1.6 The peaceful resolution of disputes, in accordance with universally

recognized principles of International Law, including the 1982 United Nations

Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS). ................................................... 43

III.2 Hambatan dan Tantangan Implementasi ASEAN’s 6-Points

Principles on The South China Sea di Laut Tiongkok Selatan ................ 44

BAB IVPENUTUP ...................................................................................... 48

IV.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 48

IV.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 50

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 52

DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP

LAMPIRAN

ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

ASEAN : Association of South East Asia Nations

LTS : Laut Tiongkok Selatan

AMM : ASEAN Ministerial Meeting

PBB : Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

RRT : Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

DOC : Declaration on The Conduct Of The Parties

In The South China Sea

COC : Code of Conduct

UNCLOS : United Nations Convention on the Law of

of The Sea

AS : Amerika Serikat

ZEE : Zona Ekonomi Esklusif

AIIB : Asian Investment on Infrastructure Banking

JWG : Joint ASEAN-China Working Group

CBM : Confidence-building measures

TAP : Triple Action Plan

TAC : Treaty of Amity and Cooperation

KTT : Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi

CUES : Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea

FDI : Foreign Direct Investment

ARF : ASEAN Regional Forum

PCA : Permanent Court of Arbitration

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Kebijakan Perlindungan Kedaulatan Tiongkok di LTS …………22

Tabel 2. Progress Made by ASEAN and China in Implementing the Basic

Principals of DOC…………………………………………….....38

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Peta nine-dashes line di Laut China Selatan................................1

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Form. Konsultasi skripsi A2.2

Lampiran 2 Form. Persetujuan skripsi A.5

Lampiran 3 Surat Keterangan Bebas Pinjaman Perpustakaan FISIP UPNVJ

Lampiran 4 Surat Bukti Wawancara Riset

Lampiran 5 Hasil wawancara Riset Perutusan Tetap Republik Indonesia

Untuk ASEAN (PTRI ASEAN)

Lampiran 6 Guidelines for the Implementation of the DOC

Lampiran 7 STATEMENT of ASEAN Foreign Ministers on ASEAN's

Six-Point Principles on the South China Sea