Inbound and Outbound

Information and Communication Flows:

Perspectives from Community Multimedia

Centres in Mozambique.

S a r a Va n n i n i , I s a b e l l a R e g a N e w M i n E L a b – N e w M e d i a i n E d u c a t i o n

U n i v e r s i t à d e l l a S v i z z e r a i t a l i a n a , L u g a n o , S w i t z e r l a n d

RE-ACT

S o c i a l REp r e s entatio ns o f C o m m unit y Mu l t imedia C e n t r e s i n Moz a m b ique

a n d ACT i o n s f o r i m p r ovement

RE-ACT

UNESCO, 2000

… f o s t e r i n g e q u i t a b l e a c ces s t o

i nformation a n d k n o w l e d g e f o r

d e v e l o p m e n t , r e d u c e t h e d i g i t a l d i v i d e , p r o m o t e

s o c i a l i n c l u s i o n , p u b l i c p a r tic ipation ,

e d u c a t i o n , a g r i c u l t u r e , h e a l t h , e t c . .

Community

Multimedia

Centres in

Mozambique

(2011)

Local Perspectives on

Information and Communication?

Social Representations

M o s c o v i c i , 1 9 7 6

Social Representations

M o s c o v i c i , 1 9 7 6

systems of values, ideas and practices, that

are shared among a given group

2 functions of SR

M o s c o v i c i , 1 9 7 6

to establish how people interpret their world to enable people to communicate with the other members of the community

Semiotic triangle of Social Representations

o b j e c t

s u b j ec t g r o up

B a u e r & G a s k e l l , 1 9 9 9

Information and Communication J a k o b s o n , 1 9 6 0

(de)Codification of linguistic signs

S a u s s u r e , 1 9 1 6

57 staff members

93 CMC whole users

72 radio-only users

8 non-users

110+ hours

Semi-structured interviews

Values Ideas Practices People Benefits of the CMC; Benefits of ICTs; Motivation to work in CMC; Motivation to use CMC; Reasons not to use CMC.

Definitions of CMC, Community Radio, Telecentre, computer, Internet ; Improvements needed in/ challenges for the CMC; Local denomination of CMC; Services of the Community Radio; Services of the Telecentre; Services working properly.

Community involvement/ support in the CMC; Promotion of CMC; Synergies the CMC is able to create; Usages of the Community Radio; Usages of the Telecentre.

Interviewee media exposure; Staff Training.

CMC interpretative model

Values Ideas Practices People Benefits of the CMC; Benefits of ICTs; Motivation to work in CMC; Motivation to use CMC; Reasons not to use CMC.

Definitions of CMC, Community Radio, Telecentre, computer, Internet ; Improvements needed in/ challenges for the CMC; Local denomination of CMC; Services of the Community Radio; Services of the Telecentre; Services working properly.

Community involvement/ support in the CMC; Promotion of CMC; Synergies the CMC is able to create; Usages of the Community Radio; Usages of the Telecentre.

Interviewee media exposure; Staff Training.

CMC interpretative model

In-bound

Out-bound

Shared within the community

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

news

“…the people here need to know what is happening. They need to get information about other part of the world…”

Chitima, Non-user3

news

local

“everyone pays attention because they have programs in Portuguese and programs in the Emakwa language, it is for that that the communities listen”

Chiure, User1

local

e-government

“I think the radio created this space to let people stay close to the Government, and to let them know that not everything that is happening is against the population and when the Government does something, they know that the Radio is going to broadcast it”

Chiure, User3

e-government

economic development

“most of all for the agriculture, it is one of the mass communication mean to tell when is the appropriate sowing time, when is the appropriate time for the harvest,what the peasant has to prepare for the land to be productive”

Cuamba, Non-user2

economic development

Informal learning

children rights programs for young people about talents

and debates programs for women (rights)

Informal learning

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

“before having the radio when someone died you had to send someone to notice it to the family, but now if someone dies, you can just transmit an announcement through the radio”

Chitima, Staff1

“it is important because without the radio there is no communication with the people of the community that live more distant”

Cuamba, User8

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

Geographically restricted

“before the radio was here it was an extinguished world, you did not know whether we existed”

Chiure, User8

“there in Nampula they are listening that someone died in the island so it is very important to have the

radio” Ilha de Moçambique, User2

Geographically restricted

Community Radio

I&C Enabler for All

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

“…in the computer there is a lot of information we can get”

Cuamba, Non-user1

“because people go there, in the Internet, and look for information, and inform the community, and the community is fulfilled in listening to the things that who went to use the Internet found”

Cuamba, Non-User4

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

“…we want to talk to you, we want to talk to people and have friends abroad…”

Chiure, User3

Telecentre

I&C for élites?

In- bound

Shared Out-bound

Tot

Radio 45.1% 36.6% 5.5% 87.2%

Communication 0.0% 20.9% 3.0% 23.8%

Information 45.1% 15.7% 2.6% 63.4%

Telecentre 6.8% 0.4% 0.4% 7.7%

Communication 0.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.9%

Information 6.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.8%

ICTs 3.8% 0.0% 1.3% 5.1%

Communication 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3%

Information 3.8% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%

TOT % 55.7% 37.0% 7.2% 100.0%

TOT count 131 87 17 235

Results

Thank you!

s a r a . v a n n i n i @ u s i . c h

w w w. r e a c t - p r o j e c t . c h w w w. n e w m i n e . o r g