Increasing production of chickpea & pigeonpea through Intensive application of

Integrated Pest Management

Project Proposal2010-12

Under

Accelerated Pulses Production Programme

NATIONAL CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENTLBS Building IARI Campus,

NEW DELHI

In rainfed ecology realizing yield potential of In rainfed ecology realizing yield potential of promising varieties depends upon management of promising varieties depends upon management of

biotic and abiotic stressesbiotic and abiotic stresses

Edaphic Abiotic BioticPlant DiseasesInsectsNematodes

Chickpea - Area =7.63 Mh Production= 5.47 MTSource DAC Govt. of India (2006-07)

Pigeonpea - Area =3.53 Mh Production= 2.35 MT

Yield Gap in PulsesYield Gap in Pulses

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Gram Arhar Mungbean Urdbean Pea Lentil

Potential Yield (Kg/ha) National Average Yield (Kg/ha)

Source : Expert Committee Report on Pulses (TMOP) / MOA

Estimated loss* (%) due to specific pests in Estimated loss* (%) due to specific pests in Chickpea and Pigeonpea Chickpea and Pigeonpea

Chickpea PigeonpeaPod borer 10-90% Pod borer complex 40-60%Cutworm 5-30% Phytophthora blight 5-10%Termites 5-15% Wilt 10-15%Semilooper 0-10% Sterlity mosaic 10-15%Wilt/rootrot 20-25% Alternaria blight 10-15%Ascochyta 5-10% Podfly complex 10-50%Botrytis 5-10%

* Experimental results

No resistance gene for podborer, hence >30% yield losses in Chickpea

Insects

The IPM has reduced use of chemical pesticides from 4 to 1 with benefit

ratio of 4.79 against 2.37 in Non-IPM

Pest Moderate damage areas High damage areas

Wilt UP, Bihar, Jharkh, Guj, T N, WB M S, Karnat, AP MP

PB M S, W B U P

SMV Guj, A P U P, Bihar, M.S., Karnat T N

Pod borer U P, Bihar, W B, Jharkhand M S, Guj, Karnat, A P, T N

(H armigera)

Pod fly U P, Bihar, Jhark, Pun, Hary, U P, Bihar, Jhark, W B

M P

Root knot M S U P, Bihar, Gujarat

Cyst Nematode ` M S, A P, T N

Status of Major Pests of Pigeonpea in India

Contribution of plant protection in increasing yield of pulses

Crop Percentage Increase

Pigeon pea 44.57Moog bean 42.20

Urd bean 48.50

Chickpea 23.64Lentil 25.00

Based on field experiments

Outline of the project

OBJECTIVES

• To develop “Nuclear Model Villages” in selective districts for demonstrating IPM modules in farmers’ participatory mode to suit their cropping systems.

• Capacity building of technical assistants of different blocks, district/block level officers and farmers to enhance their capabilities towards healthy crop production through IPM strategies.

• To develop and carryout awareness campaigns through conventional (print) and electronic media, to reach areas not covered under this programme.

• To establish centralized “National Pest Reporting and Alert System” through networking of pulse growers, in addition to strengthening of pest diagnostic laboratory.

• Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. To reduced wilt incidence. Antagonists strains have potential (T. harzianum, T. viride)

• Intercropping with sorghum efficiently reduces wilt and pod borer.

• Fixing of Pheromone traps for monitoring

• Physical shaking of plants to dislodge grownup pod borer larvae.

• Spray of HaNPV for pod borer management

• Crude neem extract 5% (NSKE) against pod borer and pod fly.

• Chemical pesticides (Emamectin benzoate) under high pest load

Pigeonpea IPM ModulePigeonpea IPM Module

• Field sanitation• Seed treatment with Trichoderma and Rhizobium• Bird perches • Growing of Coriander/Linseed as 10th row intercrop

for build up of natural enemies • Pheromone traps for H. armigera monitoring• Spray of NSKE 5% at flowering / pod formation stage• Spray of HaNPV if necessary• Endosulfan spray / Emamectin (if epidemic situation)

Chickpea IPM ModuleChickpea IPM Module

Area of operation by NCIPM under A3P

State District/ Co-operator Area (ha)Pigeonpea Chickpea

Andhra Pradesh Anantapur Laxmi ReddyAPAU, Hyderabad

1000 2000

Karnataka Gulbarga S L Shetty & K GopaliUAS, Raichur

7000 5000

Madhya Pradesh Narsinghpur A K BhowmickChindwara JNKVV, Jabalpur

20001000

2000

Maharashtra Aurangabad K R KamleParbhani B B BhosleNanded R C LavekarOsmanabad P N Patange

MAU, Parbhani

1000200010002000

-200010002000

Uttar Pradesh Banda S K SinghHamirpur IIPR, Kanpur

10002000

10001000

Pigeonpea area under IPM in 2010

Chickpea area under IPM in 2010

Horizontal spread of IPM

Selection of village = SDA + SAU to cover whole village covering maximum of allocated unit.

Crop Covered area across Districts

I yr II yr

Pigeonpea 40000 20000 20000Chickpea 32000 16000 16000Total Area (ha) in 2 years 72000

Capacity Building Activity Venue and NCIPM partners

Training of Farmers of 36 Units (Twice in crop season for hollistic crop care)

Collaborative Centres(KVKs and SAUs)

Tech Asst of entire A3P (118 Units) (2 days)(Hollistic crop care, pest surveillance , data recording and data feeding in computer software)

Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka Madhya Pradesh & Chattisgarh,

Maharashtra & Gujarat

Uttar Pradesh , Bihar, Orissa Rajasthan & Jharkhand

ARS, Gulbarga (UAS, Raichur).

JNKVV, Jabalpur

MAU, Parbhani

IIPR, Kanpur

Representative of State Agri., Dept involved in A3P (118 units) programme.(Refresher training to update them with advancements in the crop protection system with emphasis on IPM)

NCIPM, LBS Building IARI Campus, New Delhi-12

e - Pest Surveillance System

Village Katangi, Jabalpur (MP)

Cercospora indica

• Reduction in green area (50%)

• Severe defoliation• Drop of flowers (>

75%) and buds

Activity/Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Survey by Tech Asst

Data feeding

Advisories by SAUs

Dissemination of advisories by SADs

Tech Asst of A3PFor 1000 ha

Data Entry through Cyber Cafe

Data EntryFriday

SAUs / NCIPM

Elite Farmers(Meeting at village level)

Village Boards, Media

State Agril. Departments

SMS to farmers Advisory

Data analysis and issue of Advisory

Monitoring, analysis & communication

SA

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Dat

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Data collection by Tech Asst

e-Pest Surveillance System

Data entry

Pest reports generated by above application in diff. formats i.e. tabular, graphical and maps

Pest advisory fed into the system by experts

Data processing

Advisory dispersed to Farmers through SMS

Data verification by SRF at SAU NCIPM database server

Computer with net connection application

Online pest reporting & advisory application

Pest advisory viewed by state dept officials

Networking

Project outlay for 2009-10: Rs 12.79 crore

GIS Based Mapping System

Advisory Search

Advisory View

Strains of bioagents used as seed dresser are effective against Fusarium wilt, however not effective against Sclerotium rolfsii

3 days 7 days

Recommended seed rate : 70-100 kg/ha

Seed rate in use : 120-150 kg/ha

Seedling mortality is a key constraint in and around Jabalpur

Screening of some isolates of Trichoderma against F. ciceri

Soils from disease conducive as well as suppressive fields will be collected for analysis and identification of pathogen biotypes. Associated pathogens will be isolated for identification and their effective management and mapping of their occurrence at country level.

Likely OutputsQuantitative

Qualitative