India: Changing Patterns India: Changing Patterns of Lifeof Life

Effects of ModernizationEffects of Modernization

INDIA'S CHANGING PATTERNS OF LIFEINDIA'S CHANGING PATTERNS OF LIFE

A) Village life is changing rapidly but in some ways A) Village life is changing rapidly but in some ways has changed little.has changed little.

B) Many people move from small villages to large B) Many people move from small villages to large cities in the hope of finding a better life.cities in the hope of finding a better life.

C) Boys are usually treated better than girls.C) Boys are usually treated better than girls.

D) The caste system prevents many people from D) The caste system prevents many people from getting good jobs.getting good jobs.

E) Only about half of India's population can read E) Only about half of India's population can read and write.and write.

F) The traditional family structure is breaking F) The traditional family structure is breaking down.down.

Village LifeVillage LifeTechnology opens the village to the world but Technology opens the village to the world but tradition remains strongtradition remains strong

Varied amount of changeVaried amount of change ½ have electricity, few running water½ have electricity, few running water Traditional clothes - sariTraditional clothes - sari Still Traditional economy: Still Traditional economy:

Farming – plant crops by handFarming – plant crops by hand

Cottage industry: small businesses run from the home Cottage industry: small businesses run from the home #1a#1a Gender differences: boys better treatment in villages Gender differences: boys better treatment in villages

- Generally equal in cities- Generally equal in cities

Technology and Change Technology and Change #2#2

Green Revolution: improved harvestsGreen Revolution: improved harvests

Villages have electricity, medical clinics, Villages have electricity, medical clinics, schools, and telephonesschools, and telephones Infant mortality down: rate at which babies die Infant mortality down: rate at which babies die #1b#1b

People connected to outside world through People connected to outside world through movies, television, internetmovies, television, internet

Travel is easier, more people are moving from Travel is easier, more people are moving from small villages to towns and citiessmall villages to towns and cities Why?Why?

Modernization and the Caste Modernization and the Caste SystemSystem

Government: tries to weaken caste system Government: tries to weaken caste system but it still survives – gap between law and but it still survives – gap between law and tradition – obstacle to modernizationtradition – obstacle to modernization Outlawed Untouchability, compensatory Outlawed Untouchability, compensatory

discrimination discrimination but still close to same caste and separate but still close to same caste and separate

neighborhoodsneighborhoods Higher caste better opportunities with school Higher caste better opportunities with school

and family connections – dominate law, and family connections – dominate law, engineering, medicine, techengineering, medicine, tech

Changes to Caste SystemChanges to Caste System

Mix more freely – may share well and temple, Mix more freely – may share well and temple, public school togetherpublic school togetherUrbanization weakened the caste system:Urbanization weakened the caste system: Lower castes more social mobilityLower castes more social mobility Caste rules hard to maintain in offices and factoriesCaste rules hard to maintain in offices and factories Increased Marriage between casteIncreased Marriage between caste Educated, westernized Indians reject caste Educated, westernized Indians reject caste

differencesdifferences 31% urbanized31% urbanized Article – Article – Caste Is Not Past NYT

Improving EducationImproving EducationIndia’s leaders realized that an educated India’s leaders realized that an educated population is necessary to a modern, population is necessary to a modern, industrialized nation industrialized nation #3a#3a Increased schooling and literacyIncreased schooling and literacy

10% literacy to 62% literacy 10% literacy to 62% literacy – male 75% - female 50% – male 75% - female 50%

80% of elementary aged children get some schooling80% of elementary aged children get some schooling

IIT Video 13:20 13:20 School free and required until age 14School free and required until age 14 More boys than girls get schoolingMore boys than girls get schooling Poverty keeps children from schoolPoverty keeps children from school

Untouchables/Lower caste higher illiteracyUntouchables/Lower caste higher illiteracy

Problem and Education Problem and Education #3b#3b

Educated higher-caste youths who cannot Educated higher-caste youths who cannot find jobs are protesting government efforts find jobs are protesting government efforts to open more jobs to the lowest castesto open more jobs to the lowest castes

Modernization and Family Life Modernization and Family Life #4#4

Marriage customs are becoming less rigidMarriage customs are becoming less rigid Marry laterMarry later Arranged marriage but in cities may meet and Arranged marriage but in cities may meet and

may have right of refusal may have right of refusal Young couple may have own homesYoung couple may have own homes

Still patriarchalStill patriarchal

Urban: nuclear families instead of joint Urban: nuclear families instead of joint familiesfamilies

Women Women #4#4

Legal rights: vote, own property, get Legal rights: vote, own property, get divorced, widows remarrydivorced, widows remarry

Positions in governmentPositions in government

Work outside the homeWork outside the home

may live on ownmay live on own

Village women still follow traditionVillage women still follow tradition

INDIA'S CHANGING PATTERNS OF LIFEINDIA'S CHANGING PATTERNS OF LIFE

A) Village life is changing rapidly but in some ways A) Village life is changing rapidly but in some ways has changed little.has changed little.

B) Many people move from small villages to large B) Many people move from small villages to large cities in the hope of finding a better life.cities in the hope of finding a better life.

C) Boys are usually treated better than girls.C) Boys are usually treated better than girls.

D) The caste system prevents many people from D) The caste system prevents many people from getting good jobs.getting good jobs.

E) Only about half of India's population can read E) Only about half of India's population can read and write.and write.

F) The traditional family structure is breaking F) The traditional family structure is breaking down.down.

Closure: What caused and continues to Closure: What caused and continues to cause cultural change in India? cause cultural change in India?

ModernizationModernization