Indian and Southeast Asian Art

Indus Civilization Art

Great bath

Mohenjo-daro

Pakistan

2600-1900 B.C.E.

Sophisticated sewage and water systems

Robed Male Figure

from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan

ca. 2000-1900 B.C.E.steatite6 7/8 in. high

2700 BCE 2000 BCE

Nude male torso

from Harappa, Pakistan

ca. 2000-1900 B.C.E.red sandstone

approximately 3 ¾ in.

480 BCE 2000 BCE

Seal

from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan

ca. 2600-1900 B.C.E.steatiteapproximately 1 3/8 x 1 3/8 in.

Seals

from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan

ca. 2500-1700 B.C.E.steatiteeach approximately 1 3/8 x 1 3/8 in.

2600 BCE

2500-1700 BCE

Indian Buddhist Art

Foundations of Hinduism and BuddhismVEDAS, 2nd millennium BCE-Ancient Sanskrit texts-Oral hymns of the Aryans (”Noble Ones,” a mobile herding people)-Veda = knowledge

- Included hymns for Brahmins (priests) to chant or sing- Brahmins became head of social hierarchy called the caste

system- Focus on sacrifice appease gods answer prayers

Upanishads, 800-500 BCE- Texts of innovative ideas of samsara, karma and moksha (or nirvana)Samsara – rebirth, endless cycle of reincarnationKarma – past actions, good or bad, that determine the nature of future reincarnationsMoksha (nirvana) – ultimate goal, escape circle of rebirth by merging self with vital force of the universe

BUDDHISM-Buddha (the Enlightened One) born 563 BCE as Prince Siddhartha Gautama•Siddhartha abandoned opulent court life for a life of asceticism CORE OF BUDDHISM – the Four Noble Truths

Life is sufferingThe cause of suffering is desireOne can overcome and extinguish desireThe way to conquer desire and end

suffering is to follow the Buddha’s Eightfold Path of:

Wheel (chakra) of the Law (dharma)

o right understandingo right thoughto right speecho right actiono right livelihoodo right efforto right mindfulnesso right concentration

concentration

Ethical conduct

wisdom

Lion capital from column erected byEmperor Ashoka

from Sarnath, India

272-231 B.C.E.polished sandstone8 feet high

ASHOKA – greatest Maurya rulerConverted to Buddhism and facilitated it’s spread throughout India and Asia

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India

third century B.C.E. to first century C.E.

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India

third century B.C.E. to first century C.E.

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India

third century B.C.E. to first century C.E.

Great Stupa

Sanchi, India

first century B.C.E. to first century C.E.

Chaitya Hall

Karle, India

ca. 100 C.E.

Chaitya Hall

Karle, India

ca. 100 C.E.

Seated Buddha

from Mathura, India

2nd century C.E.red sandstone27 1/2 in. high

ushnisha

mudra

chakra

prana

elongated ears

halo of enlightenment

urna

The anthropomorphized Buddha

Mudras – Symbolic hand gestures

Where else have we seen symbolic hand gestures?

Seated Buddha

from Gandhara, Pakistan

2nd century C.E.grey schist3 ft. 7 1/2 in. high

Life and Death of the Buddha

from Gandhara, Pakistan

2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high

Queen Maya gives birth to Prince Siddhartha

Life and Death of the Buddha

from Gandhara, Pakistan

2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high

Enlightenment at Badh Gaya

Life and Death of the Buddha

from Gandhara, Pakistan

2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high

preaching first sermon at Sarnath

Life and Death of the Buddha

from Gandhara, Pakistan

2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high

death at Kushinagara

Bamayan Buddhas (destroyed)

Bamayan, Afghanistan

3rd century C.E.

150 feet tall

Bamayan Buddhas (destroyed)

Bamayan, Afghanistan

3rd century C.E.

150 feet tall

Seated Buddha preaching first sermon

from Sarnath, India

5th century C.E.sandstone

The Gupta Buddha(combines Ganghara and Mathura styles)

Interior of cave 19

Ajanta, India

2nd half of 5th century

Indian Hindu Art

HINDUISM – “the religion of the Indians”

•No single founder•Rooted in ancient Vedic texts•Polytheistic

•Shiva – the DESTROYER, regenerative force

•Vishnu – Preserver of the Universe , comes back as an avatar to defeat evil forces in the universe

•Devi – Great Goddess, both creates and destroys

Boar avatar of Vishnu rescuing the earth

Udayagiri, India

Early 5th century C.E.relief in cave temple

Dancing Shiva

Badami, India

sixth century C.E.relief in cave temple

Shiva as Mahadeva

Cave I, Elephanta, India

ca. 550-575 C.E.Basalt17 ft. 10 in. high

Vishnu Temple

Deogarh, India

Early 6th century C.E.

Vishnu asleep on the serpent of Ananta

Deogarh, India

Relief panel on south façade of Vishnu Temple

Early 6th century C.E.

Rock-cut rathas

Mamallapuram, India

Dharmaraja, Bhima, Arjuna and Draupadi rathas

Late 7th century C.E.

Visvanatha Temple

Khajuraho, India

ca. 1000 C.E.

Hindu temples – home of the gods on earth

Northern style – beehive-like

Rajarajeshvara TempleThanjavur, IndiaCa. 1010

Southern-style

Visvanatha Temple

Khajuraho, India

ca. 1000 C.E.

Visvanatha Temple

Khajuraho, India

ca. 1000 C.E.

Shiva as Nataraja

Naltunai Ishvaram Temple

Bronze

ca. 1000 C.E.

Sri Lankan Buddhist Art

Death of the Buddha (Parinirvana)

Gal Virhara, Sri Lanka

11th - 12th century C.E.

Javanese Buddhist Art

Cosmic Mountain

Borobudur, Java, Indonesia

ca. 800 C.E.400 ft. wide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txujqGtB_6g

Khmer (Cambodian) Art

Harihara

Prasat Andet, Cambodia

Early 7th C.E.6’3”

stone

Vishnu lying of the cosmic oceanfrom Mebon temple,Western Baray

Angkor, Cambodia

12th century C.E.8 feet long

Angkor, Cambodia

12th century C.E.

Angkor Wat

Angkor, Cambodia

12th century C.E.

Angkor Wat

Angkor, Cambodia

12th century C.E.http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/specials/ancient-mysteries/angkor-wat-temples/

King Suryavarman II holding court

Angkor Wat

Angkor, Cambodia

12th century C.E.

Angkor, Cambodia

12th century C.E.

Towers of the Bayon

Angkor Thom, Cambodia

12th to 13th centuries C.E.

Towers of the Bayon

Angkor Thom, Cambodia

12th to 13th centuries C.E.