© T. M. Whitmore

Last Time SE Asia•European colonization

•Contemporary population issues in SE Asia

•Country details in SE Asia

© T. M. Whitmore

Today•SE Asia country details: Indonesia

& Philippines •Australia & New Zealand

Physical GeographyPopulation and density issues Historical, economic, and cultural

Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights

•Papua New Guinea & the Pacific realm (Oceania)

© T. M. Whitmore

Indonesia

•~ 221 m pop (~ ½ of total in SE Asia )

•Very diverse country (despite being 85% Muslim) Literally hundreds of local cultures> 17,000 islands => hard to

administer (but most pop lives in Java and Sumatra)

Separatist groups in Papua, Aceh, and the Moluccas (and formerly in E Timor)

© T. M. Whitmore

Indonesia

•Population density a problem in Java > 1,500 per sq mi ~ like a cityGovt. solutions include “voluntary”

resettlement of Javanese to outlying islands and Borneo

• Jakarta — giant city of SE Asia > 8m

•Economy still dominated by agriculture, but assembly manufacturing and oil gaining

•Economics hit hard by Ache tsunami

© T. M. Whitmore

Philippines

•~ 85 m pop

•Mostly Roman Catholic (Muslim in south) thus odd in this groupFragmented like Indonesia into thousands of islands

Active rebel groups in S

•Population growth a main issue r ~ 2.3%/yr

© W.H. Freeman & Co.

© W.H. Freeman & Co.

© T. M. Whitmore

Australia & New Zealand •Size and location

•Physical GeographyClimateVegetation and physical features

© T. M. Whitmore

Population in Australia & New Zealand

•AustraliaLow populationLarge area => low density

•New ZealandSmall pop but small area

© Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

© T. M. Whitmore

History & Settlement of Australia

•Aboriginal inhabitants

•European entry & impact

•Core area of settlementEither side of Great Dividing Range

Major cities here: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide

Vast majority of pop is urban ~ 85%

© W.H. Freeman & Co.

© W.H. Freeman & Co.

© T. M. Whitmore

Australia: Export-based primary sector economy mostly

•Minerals and ores — iron, copper, coal, nickel, etc a major supplier

•Agricultural animals beef, lambs, sheep, wool (20-30% or total for world)

•Wheat: 4th largest producer

•“Import substitution” local economy

•Spatially economy is like a donut

•Problem: to keep up with high growth mostly industrial economies in Far East

© Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

© T. M. Whitmore

New Zealand•Native settlement

People of Polynesian origins called Maori settled in ~ 1000 AD

Bulk of Maori settlement on N island•European exploration and settlement

Tasman in late 1600sBritish influence dates from Cook in

1769/70•European and Maori encounters

Initial impact was a prolonged and bloody war

A second impact was the effect of disease

© T. M. Whitmore

New Zealand•Transformations by European settlers

Extinctions: e.g., moas Introduction of cattle, pigs, and sheepHuge deforestation

•Population and settlementMost settlement is on N island~ 4m pop (sheep ~ 25m and cattle ~

8m~ 85% urbanperipheral settlement pattern like

Australia

© Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

© T. M. Whitmore

New Zealand•Economy

Traditional ties to Great BritainAs the UK joined the EC and preferential trade was stopped

Does not have a rich mineral resource base – animal agriculture base

Modern economic ties are to various Pacific rim countries

© T. M. Whitmore

Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights•Australian aboriginal rights

Court cases have given economic rights

Backlash by right wing political parties

Aborigines are by far the worst off of groups

•Maori issuesincreasingly demanding traditional

rights to fishing etc.~ 10% of pop is Maoriby 2010 they may be 25% of pop

© W.H. Freeman & Co.

© John Wiley & Sons

AboriginalLand claims

N. TerritoryAboriginal lands

© W.H. Freeman & Co.

© T. M. Whitmore

Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights II

•Asian immigration in AustraliaUntil 1970s Australia maintained a “Whites only” immigration policy

changed in the 1970s and a large number of Asians have immigrated to Australia

now only ~ 1/3 of Australians are of UK background

© W.H. Freeman & Co.