Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Pekhubella

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR

PROPOSED UNA MARKETING TERMINAL

Village: Pekhubella Una, Himachal Pradesh

SUBMITTED TO

M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

PREPARED BY

M/s. ULTRA-TECH ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY AND CONSULTANCY

(Gazzeted By MoEF) Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,

Opp Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061 Tel: 022 2534 2776, Fax: 022 25429650, Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ultratech.in

http://www.ultratech.in/

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. 1

CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 8

2.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent.................................................................... 8

2.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project ......................................... 9

2.3 Scope of the Study.......................................................................................................... 11

2.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations ......................................................................... 11

2.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study ................................................................................... 12

2.6 Structure of EIA Report ................................................................................................. 13

2.7 Terms of References recommended by SEAC ............................................................... 14

CHAPTER 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................... 16

3.1 Need & Justification of the Project ................................................................................ 16

3.2 Site Details and Location ............................................................................................... 17

3.3 Size or Magnitude of Operations ................................................................................... 19

3.4 Salient Features of the PRoject ...................................................................................... 20

3.4.1 Process and Storage Details .................................................................................... 20

3.4.2 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds ...................................................................... 23

3.4.3 Product Pump House............................................................................................... 23

3.4.4 Fire Fighting Facilities ............................................................................................ 23

3.4.5 Dyke Wall Facility .................................................................................................. 24

3.4.6 Instrumentation and Automation ............................................................................ 24

3.5 Safety Measures ............................................................................................................. 25

3.6 Basic Requirements ........................................................................................................ 28

3.6.1 Water Requirement ................................................................................................. 28

3.6.2 Power Requirement ................................................................................................. 29

3.6.3 Utility Area ............................................................................................................ 29

3.6.2 Manpower Requirement.......................................................................................... 29

3.7 Water and Wastewater Management.............................................................................. 29

3.7.1 Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details ...................................... 29

3.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System ................................................................ 29

3.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages ....................................................... 30

CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 31

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP ii

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 31

4.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 31

4.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting .............................................................. 31

4.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................ 31

4.4 Meteorological Data ....................................................................................................... 35

4.5 Ambient Air Quality....................................................................................................... 40

4.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...................................................................... 40

4.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ..................................................................... 41

4.6 Noise............................................................................................................................... 42

4.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 43

4.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 43

4.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured .................................................. 44

4.6.4 Noise Results .......................................................................................................... 45

4.7 Water Environment ........................................................................................................ 46

4.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology ....................................................................................... 46

4.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ............................................................................ 46

4.7.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 47

4.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality......................................................................... 47

4.8 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 48

4.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 48

4.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 48

4.8.3 Soil Results ............................................................................................................. 48

4.9 Ecology Environment ..................................................................................................... 49

4.9.1 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area: ............................................................. 49

4.9.2 Existing status of Fauna in the area: ....................................................................... 50

4.10 Socio-Economic Environment ....................................................................................... 51

4.10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 51

4.10.2 Project Location ..................................................................................................... 51

4.10.3 Una: Basic Information .......................................................................................... 51

4.10.4 Socio-Economic Details of Study Area ................................................................. 52

4.10.5 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 52

4.10.6 Demography ........................................................................................................... 52

4.10.7 SC/ST Population................................................................................................... 53

4.10.8 Literacy .................................................................................................................. 53

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP iii

4.10.9 Economic Activity ................................................................................................. 54

4.10.10 Occupational structure ............................................................................................ 54

4.10.11 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 56

CHAPTER 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 57

5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 57

5.2 Impact Assessment ......................................................................................................... 57

5.2.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 57

5.2.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 58

5.3 Impact Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................... 59

5.3.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 59

5.3.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 61

5.4 Impact Matrix ................................................................................................................. 63

5.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................... 65

5.5 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 72

CHAPTER 6. PROJECT BENEFITS....................................................................................... 73

6.1 Project Benefits .............................................................................................................. 73

6.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure ................................................................. 73

6.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure ..................................................................... 73

6.4 Employment Potential .................................................................................................... 74

6.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development ....................................................................... 74

6.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer....................................... 75

6.7 Other Tangible Benefits ................................................................................................. 75

CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN .............. 76

7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 76

7.2 EMP during Construction Phase .................................................................................... 76

7.2.1 Air Environment ..................................................................................................... 77

7.2.2 Noise Environment ................................................................................................. 77

7.2.3 Water Environment ................................................................................................. 77

7.2.4 Land Environment .................................................................................................. 78

7.2.5 Biological Environment .......................................................................................... 78

7.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................. 78

7.2.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................... 79

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP iv

7.3 EMP during Operation ................................................................................................... 79

7.3.1 Air Environment ..................................................................................................... 79

7.3.2 Noise Environment ................................................................................................. 79

7.3.3 Water Environment ................................................................................................. 80

7.3.4 Land Environment .................................................................................................. 80

7.3.5 Biological Environment .......................................................................................... 81

7.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................. 81

7.4 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management ................................. 82

7.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme ......................................................................... 82

7.5.1 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................... 84

7.5.2 Surface Water Quality............................................................................................. 84

7.5.3 Ground Water Quality ................................................................................................ 84

7.5.4 Soil Quality ................................................................................................................ 85

7.5.5 Noise Level ................................................................................................................. 85

7.6 Environmental Management Cell................................................................................... 85

CHAPTER 8. ADDITIONAL STUDIES .................................................................................. 86

8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 86

8.2 Storage System ............................................................................................................... 88

8.2.1 General Classification of Petroleum Products ........................................................ 88

8.2.2 Hazardous Area ....................................................................................................... 88

8.2.3 Storage Tank Details ............................................................................................... 88

8.2.4 Fire Fighting Facilities provided at Una Greenfield Storage at Una ...................... 92

8.2.5 Other Civil Facilities: .............................................................................................. 93

8.3 Hazard Identification ...................................................................................................... 93

8.3.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 93

8.3.2 Mechanical Hazards ................................................................................................ 93

8.3.3 Fire & Explosion Index ........................................................................................... 94

8.3.4 Process Hazard ........................................................................................................ 95

8.4 Consequence Modeling .................................................................................................. 98

8.4.1 Damage Criteria ...................................................................................................... 99

8.4.2 Risk Analysis of Storage tank area ......................................................................... 99

8.4.3 Consequential effects ............................................................................................ 100

8.4.4 Damage Criteria .................................................................................................... 101

8.5 Risk Mitigation ............................................................................................................. 106

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP v

8.6 Conclusion & Recommendations for Risk Reduction ................................................ 107

CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................... 109

9.1 Consultants Engaged .................................................................................................... 109

9.2 Laboratory for Analysis ............................................................................................... 110

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Tankage Details at Una Terminal .................................................................................. 2

Table 1.2: Schedule of Pumps ........................................................................................................ 3

Table 1.3: Details of Fire Tanks ..................................................................................................... 3

Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps ................................................................................................. 4

Table 1.5: Dyke Wall Details.......................................................................................................... 4

Table 2.1: Project & Project Proponent Description ...................................................................... 9

Table 2.2: Compliance with the Terms of Reference ................................................................... 14

Table 3.1: Throughput Projections ............................................................................................... 16

Table 3.2: Terminal Location Overview ....................................................................................... 17

Table 3.3: Area Details ................................................................................................................. 20

Table 3.4: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity ......................................................................... 22

Table 3.5: Schedule of Pumps ...................................................................................................... 23

Table 3.6: Details of Fire Tanks ................................................................................................... 24

Table 3.7: Schedule of Fire Pumps ............................................................................................... 24

Table 3.8: Dyke Wall Details........................................................................................................ 24

Table 3.9: Non Hazardous waste .................................................................................................. 29

Table 3.10: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 30

Table 4.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius..................................... 32

Table 4.2: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 500m Bugger Area ............................ 33

Table 4.2: Meteorological Monitoring At Site ............................................................................. 35

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP vi

Table 4.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at Site ......................................................................... 35

Table 4.4: Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations of the Study Area...................................... 40

Table 4.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results .................................................................... 41

Table 4.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.............................................. 42

Table 4.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 44

Table 4.8: Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area ...................................................................... 45

Table 4.9: Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................................................... 45

Table 4.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 46

Table 4.11: Ground Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 47

Table 4.12: Surface Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 47

Table 4.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 48

Table 4.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area .................................................. 49

Table 4.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area .................................................. 49

Table 4.16: List of under growth plants ........................................................................................ 50

Table 4.17: List of fruit trees ........................................................................................................ 50

Table 4.18: List of Faunal members of the project area ............................................................... 50

Table 4.19: Demographic Attributes for Una District .................................................................. 52

Table 4.20: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area ............................................................. 52

Table 4.21: SC & ST population in the study area ....................................................................... 53

Table 4.22: Literacy in the Study Area ......................................................................................... 53

Table 4.23: Status of Working Population in the Study Area....................................................... 54

Table 4.24: Distribution of Main Workers by Category ............................................................... 55

Table 5.1: Impact Matrix .............................................................................................................. 63

Table 5.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 65

Table 5.3: Overall Matrix ............................................................................................................. 72

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP vii

Table 7.1: Expenditure on Environmental Matters ....................................................................... 82

Table 7.2: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program ......................................................... 83

Table 8.1: Storage of Class A & class B & Fire water Tanks ...................................................... 89

Table 8.2: Schedule of Facilities ................................................................................................... 90

Table 8.3: Schedule of Pumps ...................................................................................................... 91

Table 8.4: Schedule of Fire Fighting Pumps ................................................................................ 92

Table 8.5: Overall Dimensions of Dykes ...................................................................................... 92

Table 8.6: TLF Point Details ........................................................................................................ 92

Table 8.7: TLD Point Details ........................................................................................................ 92

Table 8.8: Failure Causes of Hydrocarbon Storage Tank ............................................................. 94

Table 8.9: F&E Index ................................................................................................................... 95

Table 8.10: Hazard Categories as per Dow’s F&EI ..................................................................... 96

Table 8.11: Hazard Identification ................................................................................................. 97

Table 8.11 VCE Blast Pressure Calculation: .............................................................................. 101

Table 9.1: EIA Team................................................................................................................... 109

Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA ........................................................... 110

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Toposheet Map of 10 Km Study Area ........................................................................ 10

Figure 3.1: Project Location ......................................................................................................... 18

Figure 3.2: Google Image of the Study Area ................................................................................ 19

Figure 3.3: Site Layout Plan ......................................................................................................... 20

Figure 3.4: Process Flow Chart ..................................................................................................... 21

Figure 4.1: Landuse/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area ................................................................. 32

Figure 4.2: Landuse/Landcover of 500 m Buffer Area ................................................................. 33

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP viii

Figure 4.3: 10 Km Study Area and Monitoring Locations ........................................................... 34

Figure 4.4: Windrose for period of March 2015 to June 2015 ..................................................... 36

Figure 4.4(a): Windrose for period of March 2015 to April 2015 ................................................ 37

Figure 4.4(b): Windrose for period of April 2015 to May 2015 ................................................... 38

Figure 4.4(c): Windrose for period of May 2015 to June 2015 .................................................... 39

Figure 4.6: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area .................................... 55

Figure 8.1: Map showing project site along with occupancies in 500 Meters buffer zone .......... 86

Figure 8.2: 500m buffer Contour Map .......................................................................................... 87

Figure 8.3: 500m buffer Drainage Map ........................................................................................ 87

Figure 8.4: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of HSD ............................................................... 102

Figure 8.5: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Motor Spirit .................................................... 103

Figure 8.6: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of SKO and Ethanol ........................................... 104

Figure 8.7: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Transmix ........................................................ 105

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE I: Project Site Layout Plan

ANNEXURE II: Disaster Management Plan

ANNEXURE III: Air Monitoring Results

EIA Report for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 1

CHAPTER 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Introduction

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a premier Public Sector undertaking under the

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Govt of India. The Corporation is India's largest company

by sales. Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune ‘Global 500’

listings, ranked at the 96th

position. Indian Oil's vision is driven by creating new infrastructure &

state of the art Marketing network which are world class & also strengthening the existing

marketing network with application of technology in each & every business process. Indian Oil

owns and controls 10 of India’s 20 refineries. It accounts for 31% share of national refining

capacity.

In order to meet the petroleum product demand of Defense forces protecting our borders in the

north & to cater to the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh, bulk storage Petroleum Oil

Terminal at Pekhubella Village, Una is proposed to be set up on a 61.6 acres land acquired from

Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Dept. The terminal shall supply Petrol (MS), Kerosene (SKO),

High Speed Diesel (HSD) to carry out winter stocking for the armed forces & for the local

demand of State of Himachal Pradesh. Presently, land acquisition has been completed & NOC

has been obtained from various departments for change of land use for setting up a petroleum

storage terminal. The terminal operation shall be continued keeping in mind the Sustainable

development of the region. Further, Indian Oil Management is committed to contribute towards

improving socio-economic status of the surrounding local community.

The total numbers of tanks to be installed are 19, and the maximum total capacity will be 87,700

m3. The proposed storage terminal will receive the finished petroleum products by taping a

10.75” diameter branch pipeline of approximately 70 Km from existing Panipat–Ambala-

Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) and will transfer these chemicals to end users by Road Tankers.

1.2 Project Description

Indian Oil Corporation Private Limited owns total plot area of 61.6 acres, out of which 60702.8

m2 is built-up area and 2.5 acres for parking. The total numbers of tanks to be installed are 19,

and the maximum total capacity will be 87700 m3. Petroleum products like Motor Spirit (MS),

Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), Ethanol, Transmix and Slop are

received, stored and dispatched from this installation. M/s IOCL have installed 19 Nos. of tanks

for the purpose. Details of product wise tankage at Una Terminal are given in Table 1.1.


Table 1.1: Tankage Details at Una Terminal

SN Product Type of

Tank

Proposed Tanks

& Capacities

(m3)

Total Tankages

(m3)

Dimater

(m)

Height

(m)/

Length

m

Class of

Products

1 Motor Spirit

(Petrol)

IFRVT

UG

3 x 8000

1 x 20

24,020 30

2.25

14

5.5

Class ‘A’

2 High Speed

Diesel

CRVT

UG

3 x 16000

2 x 20

48,040 40

2.25

14

5.5

Class ‘B’

3 Superior

Kerosene Oil

(Kerosene)

CRVT

UG

2 x 6000

1 x 20

12,020 28

2.25

11

5.5

Class ‘B’

4 Ethanol IFRVT

UG

3 x 600

1 x 20

1,820 12

2.25

8

5.5

Class ‘A’

5 Transmix IFRVT

CRVT

1 x 600

1 x 600

1,200 12

12

8

8

Class ‘A’

Class ‘B’

6 Slop CRVT 1 x 600 600

Total 87,700

1.3 Technology and Process Description

There is no manufacturing process involved in the terminal. The process involved can be divided

into:

• Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipelines.

• Storage of petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.

• Dispatch of petroleum products through Tank Lorries.

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is

carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve

enhanced safety

1.3.1 TLF Sheds

There will be two (2) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays

respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD whereas it will be

both top & bottom loading for SKO.

1.3.2 Water Supply

Requirement for the Project will be 10 m3

for construction phase and 31 m3

for Operational phase

from two (2) proposed bore wells.


1.3.3 Product Pump House

Proposed project will have 1 Pump House: 115 m X 10 m with new product pumps along with

Pump House Manifold: 115 m X 35 m. The details of the proposed pumps are as shown in Table

1.2.

Table 1.2: Schedule of Pumps

Product

Capacity Head MLC

No of Pumps

Operation Standby

MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1

HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1

SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1

Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1

MFA for MS 100 LpH 60 1 1

MFA for HSD 100 LpH 60 1 1

Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1

HSD, MS, SKO, Ethanol,

Bio-Diesel own use HSD 72 m

3/h 40 6 0

Borewell pump 100 m3/h 50 1 1

Sludge Pump for MS 72 m3/h 40 1 0

Sludge Pump for SKO 72 m3/h 40 1 0

Slop Oil Pump for HSD 72 m3/h 40 1 0

Mix Product 216 m3/h 50 1 1

Slop Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0

1.3.4 Fire Fighting Facilities

Following Fire Fighting Facilities will be provided.

• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS and HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines

issued by OISD

• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing

safety guidelines issued by OISD

• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms.

The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 1.3 and Schedule of Fire Pumps

have been provided in Table 1.4. Additionally, Fire Water Shed has been provided of 35x14m.

Table 1.3: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of

Tank

Proposed Tanks

and Capacities

Total Tankages

m3

Dimater

(m)

Height

(m)

1 Fire Tank Water CRVT 3 x 4620 13,860 24 11


Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps

SN Description Capacity Head

mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby

1 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven 60 m3/hr 110 1 1

2 Main Pumps Deisel Engine Driven 616 m3/hr 105 3 2

1.3.5 Dyke Wall Facility

Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of

each tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in Table 1.5.

Table 1.5: Dyke Wall Details

Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing Tanks (No.) Max. Capacity Tank

m3

Overall

Dimension

Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 110 m x 110 m

Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 130 m x 130 m

Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 128 m x 49 m

Dyke - IV Ethanol

Transmix (2x600) 1,920

68 m x 22.5 m

46 m x 22.5 m

Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is

more than the maximum capacity of the largest product tank in case of leakge. Dykes are

provided with adequate wall height as per OISD norms. Tank foundations are also provided with

impervious membrane to avoid seepage of product if any in to ground in case of leakage from

bottom plates. The tank farm flooring and dyke wall also are made impervious to prevent oil

from seeping into ground.

1.3.6 Instrumentation and Automation

Instrumentation and Automation will be provided through the following:

• Tank Farm Management system: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of products

from PAJPL.

• Valve Automation system: All the Tank Body Valves and exchange pit valves shall be

automated including remote operation with necessary safety interlocks. Further, the tank

body Valves shall be fitted with Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV) to be closed by

a safety PLC in case of emergency. The same shall be in line with international SIL 2

requirements.

• Radar gages on all tanks: The gauges shall function in remote for the tank inventory and tank

shut down procedures


• Tank Lorry Filling System: The entire process of filling of the Tank Lorries shall be

automated along with necessary safety interlocks

• Access Control System: The system shall permit only authorized personnel to carry out the

operations within the terminal. The access shall be both role and application based system.

• Control Room with equipment: The control room shall monitor and log all events pertaining

to the operation of the terminal on real time basis.

• OTHERS:

� Position sensors for the tank farm dyke valves for real time indication on status of valves

� Push Button Stations outside Tank body valves for remote switching off of the product

tank body valves.

� Emergency Shut Down Procedures for various terminal operation activities.

1.3.7 Manpower

Total Manpower Requirement of the project will be 130 (30 direct and 100 indirect to include

contract labour and security personnel).

1.4 Description of Environment

The area around the proposed Terminal has been surveyed for physical features and existing

environmental scenario. The field survey has been done during Summer Season of year 2015.

The meteorological condition of the project site during the study period is presented in report.

During study period the pre-dominant wind direction in the region is from North-West to South-

East. The temperature varied from 10.20C to 40.5

0C, whereas, the relative humidity varied from

21% to 97%. The monthly mean wind speed was recorded 1.75 m/s.

The ambient air quality is determined at 10 locations. The PM10 varied from 61 to 85 µg/m3,

PM2.5 varied from 17 to 37 µg/m3, SO2 varied from 1 to 4 µg/m

3, NOx varied from 1 to 8 µg/m

3.

All values are within prescribed NAAQS 2009.

The noise data compiled on noise levels of the study area varied from 52 to 63 dB (A) in day time

and from 44 to 55 dB (A) in the night time.

The ecological study of the area has been conducted within 10 km radius of the project site in

order to understand the existing status of flora and fauna to generate baseline information and

evaluate the possible impacts on biological environment. It has been assessed that the impact on

local flora and fauna will be negligible due to the proposed project.

The socio-economic conditions are presented in the report. The impact on socio-economic

environment as some direct or indirect employment will be generated during the construction

and operation phases.


1.5 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan

The potential impacts of the Isolated Storage Terminal have been limited to the project site.

There will be insignificant impact on either air or water quality as no manufacturing process is

planned. Impact on soil quality is induced / short term in nature, and can be avoided by applying

good construction practices to reduce the impact, if any, on soils to a great extent. Adequate

measures need to be worked out for minimizing the loss of soils, by way of storage of topsoil and

then again laying it back after the completion of the construction of terminal.

Impacts on ambient air would mainly be due to dust emissions and movement of vehicles.

However these impacts would be short-term in nature. Impacts on ambient air during operational

phase would be due to emissions from DG set stacks and vehicles which will be very negligible

The detailed environmental management plan has been presented in the main report. IOCL will

ensure that all the statutory norms, emissions norms for air, water, and noise shall be maintained

during the construction and operation phases and in line with the proposed EMP.

1.6 Environmental Monitoring Programme

It is imperative that the IOCL should set up regular monitoring locations to assess the

environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it

provides useful information on the following aspects.

• It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

• It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,

and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

1.7 Additional Studies

1.7.1 Demographic and Socio- Economic Profile

Analysis of the demographical statistics, based on Primary Census Abstract, 2001& field survey

reveals that the study area has a total population of 142,471 in the study area. Average scheduled

castes constitute about 19.62 % of the total population of villages in the study area. Scheduled

tribes constitute about 1.73% of the total population of villages in the study area. Villages in the

study area have fairly good infrastructure facilities.

1.7.2 Hazard Identification and Consequence Assessment

Hazards are identified for release of Motor Spirit, High Speed Diesel, Superior Kerosene Oil and

Ethanol for scenarios of catastrophic rupture of storage tank at proposed site. Consequence

analysis of all possible containment scenarios was carried out using DNV Technical Software

(PHAST). No domino effect envisaged as all tanks are adequately spaced and heat or

pressure wave is limited to dyke area.


1.8 Project Benefits

• The project will improve supply of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Petrol (MS) and Superior

Kerosene Oil (SKO), Ethanol in Himachal Pradesh which is vital for economic growth as

well as improving the quality of life.

• The project will cater to the winter socking for the defence forces.

• The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled

categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,

reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction

activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in

service sector, although its magnitude will be much less.

• The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities

exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to

provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.


CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent

M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a premier Public Sector undertaking under the

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Govt of India. The Corporation is India's largest company

by sales. Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune ‘Global 500’

listings, ranked at the 96th

position. Indian Oil's vision is driven by creating new infrastructure &

state of the art Marketing network which are world class & also strengthening the existing

marketing network with application of technology in each & every business process. Indian Oil’s

vision is driven by a group of dynamic leaders who have made it a name to reckon with. IOCL is

a Globally Admired Company and has a Vision of being the Energy of India. Indian Oil owns

and controls 10 of India’s 20 refineries. It accounts for 31% share of national refining capacity.

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. operates a network of 11,214 km long crude oil, petroleum product

and gas pipelines with a capacity of 77.258 MMTPA of oil and 10 MMCMPD of gas. Cross-

country pipelines are globally recognized as the safest, cost-effective, energy-efficient and

environment-friendly mode for transportation of crude oil and petroleum products.

Indian Oil has one of the largest petroleum marketing and distribution networks in Asia, with

over 35,000 marketing touch points. Its ubiquitous petrol/diesel stations are located across

different terrains and regions of the Indian sub-continent. From the icy heights of the Himalayas

to the sun-soaked shores of Kerala, from Kutch on India's western tip to Kohima in the verdant

North East, Indian Oil is truly 'in every heart, in every part'. Indian Oil's vast marketing

infrastructure of petrol/diesel stations, Indane (LPG) distributorships, SERVO lubricants &

greases outlets and large volume consumer pumps are backed by bulk storage terminals and

installations, inland depots, aviation fuel stations, LPG bottling plants and lube blending plants

amongst others. The countrywide marketing operations are coordinated by 16 State Offices and

over 100 decentralized administrative offices.

In order to meet the petroleum product demand of Defense forces protecting our borders in the

north & to cater to the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh, bulk storage Petroleum Oil

Terminal at Pekhubella Village, Una is proposed to be set up on a ~25 ha (61.6 acres) land

acquired from Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Dept. The terminal shall supply Petrol (MS),

Kerosene (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD) to carry out winter stocking for the armed forces &

for the local demand of State of Himachal Pradesh. Presently, land acquisition has been

completed & NOC has been obtained from various departments for change of land use for setting

up a petroleum storage terminal. The terminal operation shall be continued keeping in mind the

Sustainable development of the region. Further, Indian Oil Management is committed to

contribute towards improving socio-economic status of the surrounding local community.


The total numbers of tanks to be installed are 19, and the maximum total capacity will be 87,700

M3. The proposed storage terminal will receive the finished petroleum products by taping a

10.75” diameter branch pipeline of approximately 70 Km from existing Panipat–Ambala-

Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) and will transfer these chemicals to end users by Road Tankers.

The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in Table 2.1 below.

Table 2.: Project & Project Proponent Description

Name of Project Proposed Greenfeild Petroleum Storage Terminal At Una, HP

Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited Name, contact number & address of

Project Proponent Mr. D. N. Badarinarayan, DGM (Engg)

G-9 Ali Yavar Jung Marg,

Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400051

Maharashtra, India

Mobile : +91-7506654301, Ph: +91-22-26447582,

Email: [email protected]

Location of the Project Village : Pekhubella

Taluka : Una

District: Una

Himachal Pradesh

Geographical Coordinates: 31°24'31.70” N 76°16'48.70” E

Name, contact number & address of

Consultant

Environmental Consultants:

M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory (An

ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab:

recognised by MOEF, GoI), Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai

Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury

Factory, Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601, Tel.: 91-22-25342776,

25380198, 25331438.

Fax : 91-22-25429650

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Website : www.ultratech.in

Size of proposed project activity ~ 25 Ha (61.6 Acres)

Terminal Overview 1. Finished petroleum products storage terminal

2. To receive bulk products by PANIPAT – AMBALA –

JALLANDHAR PIPELINE ((PAJPL)

3. Distributes bulk products by road (by tank trucks)

Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ Category ‘B’

Proposed capacity/area/length/tonnage

to be handled/command area/lease

area/number of wells to be drilled

87,700 m3 storage of finished petroleum products

2 proposed borewells to be drilled

2.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project

The project activity is Proposed Greenfeild Petroleum Storage Terminal with a storage capacity of

87,700 m3 at Una, HP. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th

September 2006 as amended, the proposed project falls under 'Type 6b - Isolated Storage &

Handling of Hazardous Chemicals’ (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of


schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000), which requires preparation of an

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.

This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposes the

mitigation measures for the same. The report is prepared, based on the Standard Terms of

Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Projects requiring Environmental Clearance (EC) for

Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals project by Ministry of Environment &

Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

Theproposed Greenfeild Petroleum Storage Terminal is located at Pekhubella village, about 7.5

Kms south from Una. The land area of the proposed terminal facility is approximately 61.6

Acres and currently is an open vacant land. The site is easily accessible by road. The nearest

railway station is Una at approximately 9.1 Kms and airport of Chandigarh Airport located at a

distance of around 122 Kms.

Figure 2.1: Toposheet Map of 10 Km Study Area


2.3 Scope of the Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable

the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. The

study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km

radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,

various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,

noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored. Environmental

baseline monitoring has been carried out during March, 2015 to June, 2015 and used to identify

potential significant impacts. The report is prepared as per the Standard ToR and additional ToR

granted vide letter No. HPSEAC/2008, 16-Vol-IV/185-186 dated 30th

May, 2015.

The scope of the study broadly includes:-

• To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out

the proposed development

• To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its

surroundings

• To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be

affected by the project

• To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction

and operation phase of the project

• To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to

suggest the management plan for the same

• Details about conservation of resources

• To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the

implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted

• To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster

management plan onsite and offsite

• To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management

Plan (EMP)

• To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program to be pursued by M/s.

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

2.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations

With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules

of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed project:

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988

• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987


• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules,

1986 and amendments thereafter

• The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

• The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,2009

as amended

• The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989

• E-waste Management (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011

• The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended

• EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended

2.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable

the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA

can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design.

The study included detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10

km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment,

various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality,

noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored by an accredited

Functional Area Expert.

Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during March, 2015 to June, 2015 and

used to identify potential significant impacts.

The scope of the study broadly includes:-

• To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out

the proposed development

• To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its

surroundings

• To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be

affected by the project

• To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction

and operation phase of the project

• To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to

suggest the management plan for the same

• Conservation of resources

• To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the

implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.


• To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management

plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse

impacts.

• To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program

2.6 Structure of EIA Report

EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation

of Environmental Management Plan & Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in

following ten chapters:

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

This chapter gives the Executive Summary of the EIA report.

Chapter 2: Introduction

This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.

Chapter 3: Project Description

This chapter gives a brief description of the location, approachability, amenities, layout and

utilities of the proposed project. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of

construction activities as this is an expansion project

Chapter 4: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality,

noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.

Chapter 5: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures

This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the

project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.

Chapter 6: Project Benefits

This chapter presents the benefits from this project.

Chapter 7: Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan

This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Project

and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during

construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.

This chapter also discusses the details about the environmental monitoring program during

construction and operation phases.


Chapter 8: Additional Studies

This chapter covers Risk Assessment Studies for the construction and operation phase, the safety

precautions that are taken during construction phase and the Disaster Management Plan and

Emergency Preparedness Plan onsite and offsite.

Chapter 9: Disclosure of Consultants

This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details

of environmental consultants.

2.7 Terms of References recommended by SEAC

The additional Terms of References were issued for the proposed project vide Letter No.

HPSEAC/2008, 16-Vol-IV/185-186 dated 30th

May, 2015. The Table 2.2 mentions the

Compliance for the additional ToR.

Table 2.2: Compliance with the Terms of Reference

Sr.No ToR Points Compliance

1 The project proponent shall prepare

comprehensive Environment Impact

Assessment report taking in to account four

season primary data base viz; Spring, pre

monsoon, post monsoon and winter season.

The ToR was revised vide Letter No.

HPSEAC/2008, 16-Vol-IV dated 14th

September, 2015. The revised ToR stated

“The committee after deliberating on the

information submitted by the project

proponent and considering the facts placed

before the committee, the SEAC considered 1

season (12 weeks) for data collection instead

of 4 seasons and meanwhile the PP is

advised to go for Public Consultation

Process.”

This EIA report has been prepared per the

revised ToR to include 1 season (12 weeks)

of Baseline Monitoring from March to June,

2015.

2 The project proponent shall submit NOCs from

the relevant authority.

All the required NOCs will be presented

prior to EC Approval.

3 The project proponent shall also prepare and

submit Map of 1:10,000 (buffer map). Map of

1:5,000 (core map).

Please refer Chapter 3.

4 The project proponent shall also prepare and

submit report showing area in sq. meters/

hectares.

Acknowledged and prepared accordingly.

5 The project proponent shall also include and

submit the baseline data w.r.t. Biodiversity

Biodiversity study is included in the Chapter

3, Section 3.9 of this EIA report.


6 The project proponent shall submit the study of

community capacity building w.r.t. DMP.

DMP report is attached as Annexure II.

7 The project proponent shall also prepare/ study,

submit onsite offsite emergency plan including

the impact on other industries and their impact

on the proposed unit.

Onsite and Offsite emergency plan are

mentioned in the EIA report and also referred

in Annexure II - DMP.

8 The project proponent shall also submit the

study report on Transport (Traffic Management)

and impact on the local environment with

mitigation plan.

The proposed project will have negligible

impact on the local environment in terms of

Traffic.


CHAPTER 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Need & Justification of the Project

During the periodic meeting of MoP&NG with Chief Ministers of J&K, Himachal Pradesh (HP)

& Uttarakhand, a need was felt for an independent POL storage for the state of Himachal

Pradesh. Accordingly the Honourable Chief Minister of HP assured allotment of a suitable plot

for setting up of a petroleum terminal. Govt. of HP has allotted approximately 61.6 acres

Government Land on lease for a period of 99 years in Pekhubella Village, Una District during

November 2014.

The Army Winter Stocking (AWS) supplies to Leh presently being carried out from Ambala

(Haryana) & Sangrur (Punjab). Kullu & Parwanoo Depots which are based in HP are non OISD

compliant locations & are road fed with limitations in storage capacities. These depots have to be

closed at the earliest possible time & sustained operation of these locations is not feasible in

terms of feeding to the market requirements, safety in operations.

Further Honourable Chief Minister of HP has requested the Honourable MoS (I/C), MoP&NG,

Govt of India to expedite setting up of the petroleum storage terminal at Una vide his letter dated

16.01.15 on the above backgrounds.

Also since at present, the petroleum products are moved from locations outside HP to the local

market requirements, considerable loss is experienced to the exchequer of the State of HP due to

the tax regime on inter-state movements of petroleum products.

In view of the above requirements, setting up of a Petroleum storage terminal at Una,

Himachal Pradesh is very much required.

The expected increase in demand of the proposed products moving ahead is as mentioned below

in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Throughput Projections

PRODUCT THROUGHOUT PROJECTION (TMTPA)

2014-15 2016-17 2021-22*

MS 82.1 96.1 140.6

HSD 367.3 390.7 512.2

SKO 48.7 47.8 45.9

TOTAL 498.1 534.6 698.7

(*) With consideration of product wise growth rate given by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.


3.2 Site Details and Location

The total plot area is ~25 ha with 45,350 m2 is built-up area. The proposed grass root POL

(Petroleum, Oil, andLubricants) terminal will receive the products by taping a 10.75” dia branch

pipeline of ~ 70 Km long existing Panipat –Ambala-Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) and will

transfer POL to end users by road via Tank Trucks.

The terminal Location overview is given in the Table 3.2:

Table 3.2: Terminal Location Overview

Location of the Project Village : Pekhubella

Taluka : Una

District: Una

Himachal Pradesh

Geographical Coordinates: 31°24'31.70” N 76°16'48.70” E

Size of current project activity 61.6 Acres

Area to be used for proposed new

facility

Total Plot Area : 2,50,000 m2

Builtup Area : 45,350 m2

Green Belt Area :

TT Parking Area : 14,000 m2

Accessibility to site By road mainly through State Highways & Rail

Nearest Railway Station

Nearest Airport

Una : ~9 Km

Chandigarh : ~135 Km

Plot Survey Nos. Khewat No. 141 (min) Khatauni No. 533 (mln) Khasara No.

1/2, 161/2, 162, 191/2, 192/2, 193/2, 1023, 1024, 1025,

1026/2, 1026/5, 1027 kitta 12 measuring 29-93-29 hect.

Seismic Zone Seismic Zone - IV as per IS: 1893 and all designs will be as

per IS Codes

General Topography Relatively flat and general elevation of the site is around 335

to 347 msl

The proposed project is surrounded by following properties:.

East : District Road to Santokhgarh

West : Swan River with Impervious Embankment

North : Agricultural Land

South : Agricultural Land

The project location is shown in Figure 3.1 and satellite imagery of the study area showing

project site is shown in Figure 3.2.


Figure 3.: Project Location


Figure 3.2: Google Image of the Study Area

3.3 Size or Magnitude of Operations

The proposed grass root POL Terminal project of IOCL is Schedule under 6(b). The total cost of

the project is approximately 331 Crores and its breakup is provided in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Cost Breakup

S.N Components Cost, Rs

1 Civil facilities 166 crores

2 Electrical: 22 crores

3 Fire Protection facilities (Storage tank, hydrant, etc.) 25 crores

4 Mechanical 81 crores

5 Instrumentation 25 crores

6 Environmental Protection 12 crores

Total 331 crores

The proposed POL Storage Terminal project of IOCL spreads out in an area of 61.6 Acres. The

below Table 3.3 provides the break-up of the area that will be occupied by the proposed projects.


Table 3.3: Area Details

SN Land Used Area, m2

1 Total Plot area ~2,50,000

2 Builtup Area 45,350

3 Green Belt ~83,000

4 TT Parking 14,000

The proposed project layout is as shown in Figure 3.3 and also provided as Annexure I.

Figure 3.3: Site Layout Plan

3.4 Salient Features of the PRoject

3.4.1 Process and Storage Details

There is no manufacturing process involved in the terminal. The process involved can be divided

into:

1. Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipelines.

2. Storage of petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.


3. Dispatch of petroleum products through Tank Lorries.

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is

carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve

enhanced safety. Typical process flow chart is attached as Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4: Process Flow Chart

3.4.1.1 Receipt of Petroleum Products

The petroleum products viz. Motor Spirit (MS), High Speed Deisel (HSD), Superior Kerosene

Oil (SKO) and are being received from Panipat Ambala Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL). The

products MS, SK

O, HSD are proposed to receive through the cross country pipeline which is currently operational

between Panipat & Jallandhar by taking a tap off point. It is proposed to provide a 10.75" dia


branch pipeline of approx. 70 kms. length from Urapar RCP (chainage 118.216 kms. from

Ambala.) to the proposed marketing terminal.

3.4.1.2 Storage Facilities

The proposed POL terminal will install 19 Nos. of tanks as part of the proposed project. Details

of product wise purposed tankage at are given respectively in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity

SN Product Type of

Tank

Proposed

Tanks &

Capacities (m3)

Total

Tankages (m3)

Dimater

(m)

Height/length

(m)

Class of

Products

1 Motor Spirit

(Petrol)

IFRVT

UG

3 x 8000

1 x 20

24,020 30

2.25

14

5.5

Class

‘A’

2 High Speed

Diesel

CRVT

UG

3 x 16000

2 x 20

48,040 40

2.25

14

5.5

Class ‘B’

3 Superior

Kerosene Oil

(Kerosene)

CRVT

UG

2 x 6000

1 x 20

12,020 28

2.25

11

5.5

Class ‘B’

4 Ethanol IFRVT

UG

3 x 600

1 x 20

1,820 12

2.25

8

5.5

Class

‘A’

5 Transmix IFRVT

CRVT

1 x 600

1 x 600

1,200 12

12

8

8

Class

‘A’

Class ‘B’

6 Slop CRVT 1 x 600 600

Total 87,700 IFRVT – Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank

CRVT – Cone Roof Vertical Tank

UG – Horizontal Under Ground

Note: - The above tankage shall be developed in line with latest API 650 design standards &

OISD regulations. Above dimensions are tentative & shall be finalized during detailed

engineering after receipt of environment clearance.

3.4.1.3 Dispatch of Petroleum Products

The petroleum products shall be distributed to various Industries / Petrol Pumps through tank

trucks of capacity 9000 litres to 24,000 litres. On and average, are anticipated to be filled on

daily basis. A 16 bay TLF shed with bottom loading facilities for MS and HSD is proposed. Top

loading facilities in addition to bottom loading facilities for SKO would be provided. The

loading facilities shall consist of PD metering system, batch controllers, blending facilities for

Ethanol, branded fuels etc. Vapour recovery system to be designed & developed for handling

MS. Tank Truck (TT) decantation facility with suitable capacity of Under Ground (U/G) tanks to

be provided.


3.4.2 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds

There will be two (2) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays

respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD whereas it will be

both top & bottom loading for SKO.


Proposed project will have 1 Pump House: 115 m X 10 m with new product pumps along with

Pump House Manifold: 115 m X 35 m. The details of the proposed pumps are as shown in Table

3.5.


Product

Capacity Head MLC

No of Pumps

Operation Standby

MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1

HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1

SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1

Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1



Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1



3/h 40 6 0






Slope Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0



• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS and HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines

issued by OISD




The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 3.6 and Schedule of Fire Pumps

have been provided in Table 3.7. Additionally, Fire Water Shed has been provided of 35x14m.


Table 3.6: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of

Tank

Proposed Tanks

and Capacities

Total Tankages

m3

Dimater

(m)

Height

(m)




mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby

1 Jockey Pumps Electrical

Driven 60 m

3/hr 110 1 1

2 Main Pumps Deisel Engine

Driven 616 m

3/hr 105 3 2


Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of

each tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8: Dyke Wall Details


m3

Overall

Dimension

Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 110 m x 110 m

Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 130 m x 130 m

Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 128 m x 49 m

Dyke - IV Ethanol


68 m x 22.5 m

46 m x 22.5 m

In proposed POL Terminal, 10 (above Ground) tanks have been provided in four sets of dyke

walls. Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil

which is more than the maximum capacity of the product tank in case of leakge. Dykes are

provided with adequate wall height as per OISD norms.

3.4.6 Instrumentation and Automation

Instrumentation and Automation will be provided through the following:

� Tank Farm Management system: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of

products from PAJPL.


� Valve Automation system: All the Tank Body Valves and exchange pit valves shall be

automated including remote operation with necessary safety interlocks. Further, the tank

body Valves shall be fitted with Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV) to be

closed by a safety PLC in case of emergency. The same shall be in line with international

SIL 2 requirements.

� Radar gages on all tanks: The gauges shall function in remote for the tank inventory and

tank shut down procedures

� Tank Lorry Filling System: The entire process of filling of the Tank Lorries shall be

automated along with necessary safety interlocks

� Access Control System: The system shall permit only authorized personnel to carry out

the operations within the terminal. The access shall be both role and application based

system.

� Control Room with equipment: The control room shall monitor and log all events

pertaining to the operation of the terminal on real time basis.

� OTHERS:

� Position sensors for the tank farm dyke valves for real time indication on status of

valves

� Push Button Stations outside Tank body valves for remote switching off of the

product tank body valves.

� Emergency Shut Down Procedures for various terminal operation activities.

3.5 Safety Measures

Following safety and mitigation measures are proposed.

A. All product tank dyke wall/enclosure designed with 110% of the largest tank capacity.

� As per OISD standards, all tanks are provided with an enclosure wall to contain any

leak from the tanks or in case of failure/rupture of the tank shell.

� The dyke provided is designed to contain the 110% of volume of the tank & a free

board of 200 mm to take cae of containment of oil in case of any leakage of tanks.

�

� The dyke enclosure designed as mentioned above facilitates to fight fire caused by a

pool of oil.

B. All product tanks to be provided with 2 nos exclusive SIL 2 certified Radar gauges and 1 no

additional over spill protection device to avoid any overflow of tanks.

� All the proposed and existing product storage tanks shall be provided with 2 nos

separate radar gauges with SIL 2 certification, which is an internationally accepted

standard.


� Provision of 2 separate radar gages and monitoring of the same from control room/

PLC system helps to avoid any overflow of product. The radar gauges are linked to

the control room and shall give audio visual alarms at the control room in case of the

product level reaches higher than the specified level.

� In addition to the above, 1 no exclusive and independent Automatic Overspill

Protection device is hard wired to the Remote Operated Shut Off Valve and Safety

PLC of the automation system. When the product level in the storage tanks rise

beyond a pre-defined and safe filling capacity, the Automated Overspill Protection

System (AOPS) is triggered and it overrides all operations and logics built in the

system to implement total shut down of the operations and closure of all valves of all

tanks.

� The above safety features prevent any overflow of petroleum product from the

storage tanks.

C. All product tanks to be provided with pneumatic fire and fail safe Remote Operated Shut Off

Valves.

� All body valves of tanks shall be provided with Fire Safe and Fail Safe Pneumatic

actuated Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV).

� The ROSOVs shall be interlinked with the SIL 2 certified radar gauges, AOPS and

Safety PLC. Upon the product level reaching the set trip point of a tank, the

ROSOVs shall automatically close overriding all operational logics.

D. All body valves of tanks to be provided with Remote Open and Close facility outside the

dyke enclosure to operate during emergencies.

� All valves of tanks shall be provided with an open and close push button just outside

the tank enclosure.

� The same shall be used to close a particular valve of a tank in case of exigencies,

thereby eliminating man entry in to hazardous zone (dyke area) during spillage etc.

� This system shall save human lives during emergencies and hazards due to proximity

to petroleum vapour.

E. Fire water storage to fight fire for a period of 4 hours as per OISD guidelines has been

planned for 2 simultaneous contingencies with full coverage of fire hydrant facilities to the

entire plant area and positioning of fire fighting equipments as per OISD standards.

� Permanent fire water storage and fire hydrant system to cover the entire terminal

operating area shall be provided.

� The water storage and pumping facilities shall be designed to cater 2 simultaneous

emergencies inside the terminal as mentioned below.

• Fire water storage: 13860 m3


• Fire pumps – 616 m3/hr x 105 m head – 3 nos.

• Jockey pumps – 60m3/ hr x 110 m head – 2 nos.

• Fire hydrant line network – 4000 m approx.

• Fire fighting equipments – as per OISD 117 & OISD 244

F. High Volume Long Range remote operated monitors to be provided for all Class A

STORAGE tanks.

� In case of a fire, fire fighting can be done from the proposed High Volume Long

Range Monitors (HVLR).

� The HVLRs shall have motorized valves with provision to operate remote from

control room.

� As per OISD 117, 5 nos of fixed type HVLR and 1no Mobile type HVLR with 1000

US GPM capacity are being proposed for the terminal to cover tank farm fires.

G. Hydro carbon detection system to be provided for all tanks, drain valve and manifold in Class

A service.

� To detect any leak and potential fire hazard, Hydro-Carbon Detection (HCD) system

is proposed for all tanks with Class A service, tank enclosure drain valves and

product piping manifolds.

� The proposed HCD system shall be linked to the control room and shall alert the

Control room officer with audio visual alarm when the concentration of the

petroleum vapour exceed beyond pre-defined limits.

� The following equipment are being planned for the terminal as part of the HCD

system.

• Point type Infra Red (IR) sensor – at each drain valve in tank farm.

• Open path IR sensor (range: 0 to 40 m and 0 to 120 m) – at valves and manifold

of Class A product.

• Portable Gas detector – 1 no.

• Test filter – 1no.

H. Fixed water spray and fixed foam pourer system has been provided for all Class A Tanks and

for Class B tanks above 18 m diameter.

� The fixed foam pourer system shall apply foam solution to the surface of fire to

create smothering effect and extinguishing of fire.

I. Flow switches shall be provided for all water draw off lines.

� In order to have effective monitoring of water draining from product tanks, a flow

switch shall be installed on all drain valves of all tanks to alert the Control room.


J. Proposed Class A tank shall be constructed as internal floating roof tank.

� In order to prevent exposure of petroleum vapour to open environment, the proposed

tank on Class A service shall be constructed as an internal floating roof tank with an

Aluminum floating deck and a fixed roof. This shall act as an additional safety

feature and shall minimize fires due to lightning etc.

K. Manual call points shall be provided at strategic places within the terminal.

� Manual call points are proposed at strategic places inside the terminal to raise alarm

in case of any exigency.

L. Receipt and delivery operation shall be done based on in built logic developed in SCADA

with site specific interlocks.

� Tank operations like receipt and delivery shall be based on pre-defined logic and

controlled by PLC and SCADA systems.

� This shall prevent wrong operations and risks like overflow of tanks.

M. Tank truck loading shall have interlocks to monitor grounding of the truck, position of the

loading arm and over flow protection system.

Tank truck operation shall be designed with the following interlocks to avoid fire hazards.

� Grounding interlock – To stop loading in the absence of proper grounding and to

prevent fire due to static electricity.

� Position sensor/ level switch on loading arm – The batch controller commences tank

truck loading based on the feedback from loading arm’s position sensor is inserted in

to the tank truck compartment. Similarly, the batch controller shall stop loading

based on a feedback from a level switch of loading arm to prevent any overflow of

tank truck.

N. Separate Safety PLC planned for interlinking of all safety features and for ensuring total shut

down of the plant.

O. CCTV system shall be provided as per security guidelines applicable and shall be linked with

Safety PLC.

3.6 Basic Requirements

3.6.1 Water Requirement

Requirement for the Project will be 10 m3

for construction phase and 31 m3

for Operational phase

from two (2) proposed bore wells.


3.6.2 Power Requirement

Power Requirement of the project will be fulfilled by HPSEB, which is 1500 kW, 2 DG Sets of

750 kVA and 1 DG set of 320 kVA will be used in Emergency purpose only.

3.6.3 Utility Area

The utility area will includes following;

• D. G. Set

• Transformer Room

• Work Shop

• Watch Tower, etc

3.6.2 Manpower Requirement

Total Manpower Requirement of the project will be 130 (30 direct and 100 indirect to include

contract labour and security personnel).

3.7 Water and Wastewater Management

3.7.1 Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details

There will be no industrial effluent being generated from this project. Sewage generated from

domestic sources will be treated in Septic tanks followed by soak pits. In case any open spillage

of oil from tank shall lead to Oil Water Separator (OWS) where separated oil send back to

storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from OWS will be reused for gardening

and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck movement.

3.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System

Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal

system are mentioned in Table 3.9 and Table 3.10.

Table 3.9: Non Hazardous waste

S.N Solid Waste

Generation

Type of

waste

Total

(approx)

Management

1

From

Domestic

Activities

Dry garbage 32 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised recyclers

Wet garbage 13 Kg/day Vermi Composting and manure usage to

gardening


Table 3.10: Hazardous waste

Sr.

No.

Schedule I

Category No. Type Qty Method of Disposal

1

Category No. 34.3 Oil Water

Sludge – generated from cleaning

of storage tanks once in 5 years

5 MT per year

(approx) CHWTSDF

3.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages

• The installation will have the dyke wall surrounding the liquid cargo storage area with proper

PCC/RCC floor and chemical resistance flooring (if required) and the size of dyke wall will

be depend on the storage tank capacity.

• Unit will provide proper PCC/RCC flooring in the tanker loading and unloading area with

proper dyke or barricaded wall so in case of any leakage during loading / unloading it will

not spread on ground.

• The collection pit(s) will be provided to collect all the spilled and leaked material during

loading / unloading or any heavy leakage in storage area.

• If there will be any leakage during the tanker movement, shifting, the leaked material will be

diluted and collected in drums and it will be sent to hazardous waste storage area.

• All the roads and approach roads to the plant will be of PCC/RCC and there will be no any

chemical handling or shifting on ground.

• All the tanker movement will be carried out on proper PCC/RCC area.


CHAPTER 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1 General

This chapter provides the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with

reference to the environmental attributes like air, water, noise, soil, land use, ecology, socio

economics, etc. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site.

The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are

described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology,

socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance.

4.2 Methodology

The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines

given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise,

water and land quality in the study area were collected by primary sampling/field studies during

the period of March 2015 to June 2015.

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential

component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact

assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected

over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in

time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable

data collected very close to the site.

4.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOCL terminal boundary.

The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s.

4.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area

Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite

image are as follows:

Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data

Satellite Sensor – OLI TIRS sensor

Path and Row – Path 147, Row 38

Resolutions – Panchromatic 15 m Reflective 30 m

Date of Pass: 25th

June, 2015


Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for

delineating drainage and other features in the study area.

Seven different landuse/ landcover (LULC) classes are identified for the area covering 10 km

radial distance around proposed project site. The LULC classes are identified and presented in

Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1: Landuse/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area

Table 4.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius

SN Landuse/

Landcover Class

Area,

Km2

Area

%

1 Vegetation 46.15 15.62

2 Scrub Land 68.97 23.35

3 Open Land 73.73 24.96

4 Agriculture 4.51 1.53

5 Fallow land 90.75 30.72

6 Built Up Land 7.77 2.63

7 Waterbody 3.49 1.18

Total Area 295.38 100.00


Five different landuse/ landcover (LULC) classes are identified for the area covering 500m radial

distance around proposed project site. The LULC classes are identified and presented in Table

4.2 and Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Landuse/Landcover of 500 m Buffer Area

Table 4.2: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 500m Bugger Area

SN Landuse/

Landcover Class

Area,

Km2

Area

%

1 Scrub Land 0.61 24.92

2 Open Land 0.82 33.42

3 Fallow Land 0.95 38.81

4 Habitation 0.03 1.30

5 Waterbody 0.04 1.55

Total Area 2.44 100.00

Fallow land (30.72%) dominates the landuse pattern within 10 km buffer around the project site.

Since the satellite image is acquired in the summer season a very small patch along the Swan

River shows agriculture contributing 1.53% of land use. Open land (24.96%) and scrub land

(23.35%) indicating dry conditions are the major LULC classes within the area under study.


Vegetation constituting nearly 16% of the land use pattern is distinctly visible along the north

east and south west side of the project site. Habitation covers 2.63% of the land use within study

area. Swan River flowing across the 10 km radius around project site from north to south along

with Sutlej River entering the area at the east side of the project site contribute to the 1.18% of

the land cover.

Land use covering 500 m angular distance around project site is predominantly covered by

Fallow land (38.81%) and open land (33.42%). Nearly 25% of the land is covered by the Scrub.

Apart from these three major land use classes Waterbody (1.55%) and Habitation (1.30%)

contribute to the land use covering 500 m angular distance around project site.

The 10 km study area inclusive of all the monitoring locations has been as shown in Figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3: 10 Km Study Area and Monitoring Locations


4.4 Meteorological Data

During study, a continuous automatic weather monitoring station was established at site to record

wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature. Atmospheric pressure was recorded

twice a day at 08.30 and 17.30 hrs. Cumulative rainfall was monitored by rain gauge on daily basis.

This station was in operation in study period.

The methodology adopted for monitoring meteorological observations is as per the standard norms

laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards and the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Hourly

maximum, minimum and average values of wind speed, direction and temperature are recorded

continuously at site.

A fully instrumented continuous recording meteorological observatory is established and operated

at project site during study period The parameters are being monitored at site is given in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Meteorological Monitoring At Site

S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency

1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather

station (Envirotech WM 251)

Continuous Automatic

1 hourly Average 2 Wind Direction

3 Ambient Temperature

4 Max. & Min Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST

5 Relative Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST

6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily

The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period.

The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 4.3. The wind rose during the study period is

presented in Figure 4.4, 4.4(a), 4.4(b), 4.4(c).

Table 4.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at Site

Month Temperature, °C

Relative Humidity,

%

Wind

Speed, m/s

Predominant

wind direction

Min Max Min Max Mean

March to

April 2015 10.2 34.2 20.6 97.6 1.8 S

April to

May 2015 18.1 40.5 30.4 69.6 1.8 SE

May to

June 2015 21.2 37.8 23.5 74.5 1.7 SE


Figure 4.4: Windrose for period of March 2015 to June 2015


Figure 4.4(a): Windrose for period of March 2015 to April 2015


Figure 4.4(b): Windrose for period of April 2015 to May 2015


Figure 4.4(c): Windrose for period of May 2015 to June 2015


4.5 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at ten locations, Figure 4.3, within the 10 km

radius around the site of project to know the existing background ambient air quality. The

purpose of the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the

project on the ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the project. The

parameters chosen for assessment of air quality were PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs.

4.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-

methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of

the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5,

Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) Methane and Non-methane

HC) and VOCs at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring

were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data of

UNA Observatory.

• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

• Topography of the study area;

• Representative ness of the region for establishing baseline status; and

• Representative ness with respect to likely impact areas.

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24 hour basis with a frequency of twice a

week at a station during the study period for 10 locations.

The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations of the Study Area

Sl. No Location Location Code Distance, Km Direction

1 Project Site A1 0 Center

2 Ajauli A2 9.10 SE

3 Rampur A3 4.24 NE

4 Una A4 6.49 NE

5 Sanokhghar A5 9.23 SE

6 Hiroli A6 2.18 NE

7 Dharampur A7 7.35 NW

8 Fatehpur A8 5.14 SE

9 Mehatapur A9 6.1 E

10 Pallakwah A10 2.30 SW


The ambient air quality results are as summarised in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

PM10 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 68.0 70.0 65.0 69.0 69.0 70.0 69.0 67.0 71.0 61.0

Max 80.0 80.0 79.0 82.0 78.0 80.0 83.0 85.0 83.0 80.0

98

Percentile 79.5 79.1 78.5 81.1 77.5 80.0 81.6 84.1 82.5 80.0

Standard 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 18.0 19.0 17.0 20.0 18.0 19.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 19.0

Max 26.0 30.0 25.0 30.0 27.0 30.0 31.0 34.0 37.0 30.0

98

Percentile 26.0 29.1 24.5 29.5 25.6 30.0 31.0 33.1 36.1 30.0

Standard 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

SO2 (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Max 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

98

Percentile 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0

Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

NOx (µg/m3)

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10

Min 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Max 8.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 5.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

98

Percentile 8.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 7.5 5.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.5

Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

The other parameters such as CO, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, Ammonia, Hydro Carbons,

VOCs, etc. are all below detection limits.

4.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring

Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, Methane and Non-


methane (HC) & VOCs. Table 4.6 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these

parameters.

Table 4.6: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Parameters Technique Technical

Protocol

Detectable Limit,

ug/m3

PM10 Respirable Dust Sampler

(Gravimetric method) CPCB Guidelines 10.0

Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0

Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0

Hydrocarbon

(Methane

and Non-Methane)

Gas Chromatograph

(FID Detector) Is-5182 (Part-XXI) 0.1 ppb

VOCs Activated Charcoal

method (GC FID Detector) EPA TO-17 1 mg/m

3

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable

dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these

particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at

the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on

the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for

sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx.

Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.

PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182

part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182

part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been

prepared for all gaseous pollutants.

4.6 Noise

Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various

loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally

accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for

audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise

according to the response of a human ear.The environmental assessment of noise from the

industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into

consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and

annoyance and general community responses.


4.6.1 Objective

The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise

levels in different zones. i.e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the

surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.

4.6.2 Methodology

• Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the

area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry,

commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and

sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway

noise.

The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring

period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise. The noise monitoring

locations are given in Table 4.7 and shown in Figure 4.3.

• Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)

The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the

equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual

fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.

• Instrument used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet

(Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few

minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighing set the

sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.

There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free

field, near field and far field.

• Free Field

The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from

source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound

pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.

• Near Field

The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not

apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.


• Far Field

The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the

source.

Table 4.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area

Sl. No Location Location Code Distance (Km) Direction

1 Project Site N1 0 Center

2 Ajauli N2 9.10 SE

3 Rampur N3 4.24 NE

4 Una N4 6.49 NE

5 Sanokhghar N5 9.23 SE

6 Hiroli N6 2.18 NE

7 Dharampur N7 7.35 NW

8 Fatehpur N8 5.14 SE

9 Mehatapur N9 6.1 E

10 Pallakwah N10 2.30 SW

4.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured

Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each

hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the

sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.

The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight .

Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly.

However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation:

Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60

Where,

L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of

measurement.

L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of

measurement.

L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of

measurement.


Lday : This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly

Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m

Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly

Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

4.6.4 Noise Results

The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during

study period and are presented in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8: Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area

S. No. Location Code Category Leq (day) Leq (night) Remarks

1 Main site N1 Industrial 52.2 44.2 Within Limits

2 Ajauli N2 Residential 60 52 Within Limits

3 Rampur N3 Residential 56.8 47.2 Within Limits

4 Una N4 Residential 60.5 50.2 Within Limits

5 Santokgarh N5 Industrial 62.7 55 Within Limits

6 Haroli N6 Residential 57 48 Within Limits

7 Dharampur N7 Residential 58 47 Within Limits

8 Fatehpur N8 Residential 56 48 Within Limits

9 Mehatapur N9 Residential 54 46 Within Limits

10 Pallakwah N10 Residential 62.1 54 Within Limits

• Noise Standards

Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide

Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 4.9 describes ambient noise standards.

In Respect of Noise*

Table 4.9: Ambient Air Quality Standards

Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A), Leq

** Day time #Night time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone @ 50 40

* As per Environment protection act.

** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.

# Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.


@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises ashospitals,

educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent

authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.

The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 4.8. Noise level of the study area varied

from 52 to 63 dB (A) in day time and from 44 to 55 dB (A) in the night time.

4.7 Water Environment

4.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology

Hydro-geologically the weathered and fractured zones of crystalline constitute the predominant

hydro-geological units. Groundwater occurs under phreetic condition in the weathered horizons.

Highly weathered and jointed granitic gneisses occurring the undulating plains form the potential

aquifers in the hard rock terrain. Micaschists and shales having very thick weathered residuum

also sometimes form good shallow aquifers to be tapped through dug wells.

In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. The

quality of ground water at project site is saline.

The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 1.3-2 m below ground level during

pre-monsoon period and less than 1 m during post-monsoon period. (Source: CGWB).

4.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations

The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by

collecting water from ground water sources and surface water sources during Monitoring Period.

The sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. Two ground water

samples and four surface water samples were collected during monitoring period. The locations

of sampling stations for ground water and surface water are shown in Figure 4.3. Details of

sampling locations, their distance and direction from the plant site are presented in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Station Code Location Locations with respect to site Description

Distance (Km) Direction

SW 1 Haroli 2.18 NE SW 1

SW 2 Ajauli 9.10 SE SW 2

SW 3 Project site 0 Center SW 3

SW 4 Una 6.49 NE SW 4

GW1 Santhosgarh 9.23 SE GW1

GW2 Fathepur 5.14 SE GW2


4.7.3 Methodology

Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical,

chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out

as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by CPCB, relevant IS Codes and

Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the Monitoring Period.

Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried

out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field

Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to

laboratory. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper,

zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.

4.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality

The analysis data for the monitoring period is presented in Table 4.11 and Table 4.12. The

physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of

drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and

suitable for consumption

Table 4.11: Ground Water Characteristics

Site Santhosgarh Fathepur

pH 7.24 7.21

TDS 155 274

Alkalinity 77 290

Chloride 8 19

Ca 32 18

Mg 6.2 50

Total Hardness 105 220

Iron 0.05 0.08

E.coli Absent Absent

Coliform Absent Absent

Table 4.12: Surface Water Characteristics

Site Haroli Ajauli Project site Una

.

pH 7.32 7.5 7.08 7.52

TDS 382 148 278 300

Alkalinity 289 75 219 244

Chloride 31 10 17 14

Ca 30 28 14 24


Mg 50 7.3 44 35

Total Hardness 280 100 215 205

Iron 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.14

E.coli Absent Absent Absent Absent

Coliform Absent Absent Absent Absent

4.8 Soil

Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable

depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties,

constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics.

The physico- chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the

monitoring period with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc.

The sampling locations have been selected to represent the study area.

4.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations

The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of

vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from

agricultural field and project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 4.13 and presented

in Figure 4.3.

Table 4.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area

Code Locations Direction Distance in (km)

S1 Project Site Core Zone 0

S2 Santoshghar SE 9.23

S3 Haroli NE 2.18

S4 Ajouli SE 9.10

4.8.2 Methodology

The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all

locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 10 sub locations were

identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly

mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled

in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.

4.8.3 Soil Results

The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are as shown in Table 4.14.


Table 4.14: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

4.9 Ecology Environment

The floristic and faunal survey was carried out in the project area.

4.9.1 Existing status of Flora in the Study Area:

Overall 29 plant species have been recorded. Fabaceae was the most dominant family followed

by Myrtaceae and Moraceae. The list of naturally occurring trees, under growth plants, fruit trees

within the Study area are as shown in Table 4.15, Table 4.16 and Table 4.17 respectively.

Table 4.15: List of naturally occurring trees within Study Area

S. No. Plant species Common name Family

1 Acacia auriculiformis kikar Fabaceae

2 Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae

3 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceae

4 Albizzia procera White siris Mimosaceae

5 Alstonia scholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae

6 Bauhinia variegate Kachnar Fabaceae

7 Bombax malabaricum Semal Bombacaceae

Sr.

No. Parameters Units

Project

Site

Santosh-

ghar Haroli Ajouli

1. Colour ----- Grayish Brownish Brownish Grayish

2. pH ----- 8.70 6.72 6.91 7.15

3. Conductivity (EC)

µ mhos/cm at 250C

(Soil Water Ratio-

1:2)

420 463 452 470

4. Moisture Content % 9.17 1.63 2.41 3.25

5. Water Holding

Capacity(WHC) % 40 60 58 51

6. Texture ----- Sandy

soil Sandy clay

Sandy

clay

Sandy

Soil

7. Sand % 36.7 30 35 34

8. Silt % 21.7 30 35 36

9. Clay % 41.6 40 30 30

10. Organic Carbon % 0.901 0.655 0.745 0.542

11. Ca % 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.013

12. Mg % 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.003

13. Chloride Mg/l 32 20 24 26

14. Total Kjeldahl

Nitrogen Kh/ha 112 102 98 124

15. Nickel Mg/kg 0.02 ND ND ND


8 Dalberjia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae

9 Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Poaceae

10 Eucalyptus citriodora Safeda Myrtaceae

11 Ficus religiosa Peepal Moraceae

12 Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree Moraceae

13 Ficus retusa Fig Moraceae

14 Gravillea robusta Silver oak Proteaceae

15 Morus macroura Shahtoot Moraceae

16 Populus alba Poplar Salicaceae

17 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae

Table 4.16: List of under growth plants


1 Bougainvillea glabra Paper Flower Nyctaginaceae

2 Cannabis sativa Bhang grass Cannabaceae

3 Duranta erecta Pigeon Berry/Skyflower Verbenaceae

4 Lantana indica Kuri Verbenaceae

5 Parthenium hysterophorus Gajar ghass Compositae

6 Ricinus communis Arand/Arandi Euphorbiaceae

7 Saccharum bengalense Sarkanda/Munj Sweetcane Poaceae

8 Tylophora asthmatica Khad/Khas grass Poaceae

Table 4.17: List of fruit trees

S. No. Plant species Vernacular/Common name Family

1 Embelica officinalis Amla Phyllanthaceae

2 Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae

3 Psidium guajava Guava/Amrood Myrtaceae

4 Syzgium nervosum Wild Jamun Myrtaceae

4.9.2 Existing status of Fauna in the area:

The faunal survey was also carried out in the project area. Overall, 12 naturally occurring and

introduced animal and avian species belonging to 9 families have been recorded. The fauna was

dominated by seasonal butterflies and variety of honey bees. Phasianidae and Columbidae were

the most dominant families. The list of Faunal members in the Study Area are as provided in

Table 4.18.

Table 4.18: List of Faunal members of the project area


1 Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn woodpecker Picidae

2 Ectopistes migratorius Pigeon Columbidae

3 Zenaida Zenaida Dove Columbidae


4 Meleagris gallopavo Wild turkey Phasianidae

5 Rattus norvegicus Brown rat Muridae

6 Hystrix indicus Indian Porcupine/Sehi Hystricidae

7 Helogale parvula Mongoose Herpestidae

8 Sus scrofa Wild boar Suidae

9 Seasonal butterflies

10 Variety of honey bees

There are no ecologically sensitive areas like National Parks or Wildlife Sanctuaries, Tiger

Reserves, Elephant Reserves, Turtle Nesting Ground and Core Zone Biosphere Reserve within

the 10 km radius of the proposed project site. Though the area executes good floral diversity,

there were no reports of any species falling in endangered category.

4.10 Socio-Economic Environment

4.10.1 Introduction

Socio-economic assessment is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any

industrial project. It is conducted to develop the sustainability strategy for the area, where the

industrial project would be executed. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10

km radius area for the IOCL Una project and analyses the baseline status as well as assess the

social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the anticipated

adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into economy,

demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.

4.10.2 Project Location

The proposed project i.e. M/s Indian Oil Terminal is located in the Village: Pekhu Bela, Tehsil:

Una, District: Una in Himachal Pradesh at latitude 31024‘49.21”N and longitude 76

015’08.80” E.

4.10.3 Una: Basic Information

Una district is the one of the largest district of Maharashtra and geographically spread over an

area of 1549 sq. km. and is administratively divided into four Tehsil (Bharwain, Bangana, Amb,

Haroli and Una) and five Development Blocks (Una, Bangana, Gagret, Amb and Haroli).

According to the 2011 census Una district has a population of 5.2 lakhs representing 7.60 percent

of the state population. The district has a population density of 338 persons per sq. km. Its

population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.24%. Una district has a sex ratio of

977 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.23%. There are around 866 villages

in the district with 5 towns. The demographic attributes for Una District are as shown in Table

4.19.


Table 4.19: Demographic Attributes for Una District

1. Area 1549 sq. km.

2. Population 5.2 lakhs

3. Decadal Growth rate 16.24 %

4. Male population 2.63 lakhs

5. Female population 2.57 lakhs

6. Density of population (persons per km2.) 338

7. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 977

8. Literacy 87.23 %

9. Male literacy 92.75 %

10. Female literacy 81.67 %

11. Urban Population 8.62 %

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011

4.10.4 Socio-Economic Details of Study Area

The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District

Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 km radius area from the

project site consists of 73 villages and three towns and is spread over the tehsils of Una and

Haroli is located in Una district in Himachal Pradesh. The demographic profile, infrastructure

facilities and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the

following section.

4.10.5 Methodology

The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected

and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website,

District Statistical Abstract etc

4.10.6 Demography

Summary of demographic structure with reference to population, household, literacy, community

structure and employment are presented in this section. Total population of the study area is

142,471 belong to 29,626 households (Census, 2011). Population size ranges from 50 persons in

Mahanta village to 5000 in Badehra village and 18,722 in Una city. Population within the age

class 0-6 year accounts for 11.28 percent of the total population. The demographics of the Study

area is as shown in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area

No. of

HH

Total

Population

Male Female Sex Ratio Population

(0-6)

Size of

HH

Rural 21487 105168 53351 51817 971 12076 4.89


Urban 8139 37303 19582 17721 905 3996 4.58

Total 29626 142471 72933 69538 953 16072 4.84

The demographic characteristics of the study area are depicted in Table 2. Average sex ratio for

the study area is 953 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio for rural area is 971 females per 1000

males whereas sex ratio for urban areas is 905 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio for the

urban area as well as the average sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex

ratio of the Una district (977) and the state (972). The low sex ratio in the urban towns of the

study can be linked to the presence of male migrant labourers from other parts of state and

Punjab. There are 29,626 households in the study area and the average size of household is 4.84

members per household.

4.10.7 SC/ST Population

According to the 2011 census, the ratio of scheduled caste population to the total population is

19.62 percent and scheduled tribe population is 1.73 percent in the study area. The proportion of

scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population is high in rural areas as compared to the urban

areas of study area. This can be observed in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21: SC & ST population in the study area

Population

Total SC ST % SC % ST

Rural 105168 21640 2324 20.58 2.21

Urban 37303 6309 147 16.91 0.39

Total 142471 27949 2471 19.62 1.73

The SC population in the study area is very low as compared to the ratio of the Una district

where SC population is 22.16 percent to the district population whereas ST population in the

district is slightly lower than the study area average. i.e. 1.65 percent.

4.10.8 Literacy

The average literacy in the study area is 85.57 percent, which is slightly lower than the literacy

rate of the Una district i.e. 86.53 percent. The literacy rate is considerably higher in male

population (90.99 percent) as compared to female population (79.94 percent). Surprisingly, in the

study area, the average literacy rate for the urban and the rural area is same and does not vary

much as depicted in the Table 4.22.

Table 4.22: Literacy in the Study Area

Literate

Total Male Female % % Male % Female

Rural 79702 43050 36652 85.62 91.78 79.36


Urban 28459 15553 12906 85.44 88.88 81.64

Total 108161 58603 49558 85.57 90.99 79.94

4.10.9 Economic Activity

As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is more than 52 thousand which

constitutes 36.92 percent of the total population of the study area. The workers comprise more

than 38 thousand main workers and 13 thousand marginal workers. Of the 52 thousand workers,

26 thousand are rural and 12 thousand are urban workers. This would mean that 74.66 percent of

the total workers are rural and only 25.34 percent of the total are urban workers. The number of

urban workers is about less than half the number of rural workers.

Main workers1 constitute 84.57 percent of the total workers. The remaining (15.43 percent) are

marginal workers2. Among the main workers, female workers, are only 19.77 percent and 80.23

percent are male workers. Majority of female workers (67.39 percent) are from rural areas. This

is also more than that of male workers, which may be due to their being employed predominantly

in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas, majority of female

workers are engaged in Households industry and other work. The status of the working

population in the Study Area is shown in Table 4.23.

Table 4.23: Status of Working Population in the Study Area

Total

workers

Main

workers

Marginal

workers

Non

workers

Work participation

rate

Rural 39275 26527 12748 65893 37.35

Urban 13332 12186 1146 23971 35.74

Total 52607 38713 13894 89864 36.92

4.10.10 Occupational structure

The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. The Main

workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four

categories:

1. Cultivators

2. Agricultural Labourers

3. Household Industry Workers

4. Other Workers

1 Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in

any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.

2 Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year,

i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).


Of the total main workers in the study area, about 71 percent is engaged in the other workers

category. The type of workers that come under this category of 'Other Worker' include all

government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those

engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social

work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or

agricultural labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'. Distribution of the

Main Workers by Category is as shown in Table 4.24 and Figure 4.6.

Table 4.24: Distribution of Main Workers by Category

Main

Workers

Main Workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Labourers

Household

Industry

Others

Rural 26527 7285 1836 415 16991

Urban 12186 795 480 212 10699

Total 38713 8080 2316 627 27690

Figure 4.6: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area

After other workers category, cultivators (21 percent) and agricultural labour (6 percent) together

constitute 27 percent of the total main workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has only

absorbed 27 percent of the main workers. Only 2 percent of workers in the study area are

engaged in the household industry. Surprisingly, in the other workers category, 61.36 percent of

the total main workers in other category are rural in nature whereas only 38.64 percent are urban

in nature. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other category workers are more in rural areas

of study area as compared to the urban areas.


4.10.11 Infrastructure

The study area consists of 73 villages, 3 towns within the 10 km radius area. The area is more

rural in nature with 73.82 percent as rural population and 26.18 as urban population. This section

analyses the infrastructure facilities like water supply, roads, markets, banks, post offices,

schools and electrification in the study area. Una town, the district headquarter is the biggest

urban pocket in the study area with excellent physical and social infrastructure and basic

amenities.

Educational facility at the minimum level of primary education is available in all the villages

and, towns of the study area. There are many villages having more than one primary school and

some large villages have three primary schools. For college education the students go to the city.

There are some 16-20 adult literacy centres in the rural area of the study area. Medical facilities

of one or the other type are available in all the villages in the study area. The Una town also has a

big general hospital. Post and Telegraph facility is available in all the villages and towns of

study area. Although phone connections are available in most of the villages but people tend to

use mobile phones for communication. Drinking water is not a problem here as all the villages

and towns have the facility of tap water and well water. Some villages also have hand pump and

tube well as drinking water source. Road and Rail connectivity is better in the study area as all

the villages and towns have paved roads and connected by bus services. Some villages are

connected to Railway Line also. The proportion of electrified villages for the study area is

impressive. All villages and town are enjoying power supply facility for all the purposes.


CHAPTER 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Introduction

Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact

Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study

several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive

and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of

proposed storage tanks.

The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts

are the ones that are caused directly due to the project activity on environmental attaributes,

whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced.

The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each

of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes.

The proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:

During construction phase - Temporary or short term impact

During operation phase - May have long term impact

5.2 Impact Assessment

5.2.1 During Construction Phase

Identified Impacts on Land/Soil Environment

During site preparation the topsoil will be removed from the project site and the approach

road, which contains most of the nutrients and organisms that give soil productivity. This

will in turn result in minor changes of topsoil structure.

Impropoer disposal of the excavated earth during installation of storage tanks may caure

irreversible negative impacts on land environment

Storage of construction material/chemicals if not done at designated place can cuase

nuisance and hazards

Accidental spillage of Hazardous chemicals/oil may lead to soil contamination

Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction phase by

workers dwelling on site

Identified Impacts on Air Environment

The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to

excavation of soil, leveling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction

equipments/vehicles, site clearing and other activities


This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality

specifically during the construction phase

Open burning of solid wastes can cuase air pollution

Identified Impacts on Noise Environment

The proposed project will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the

surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances.

Following activities would result in increase in noise level;

Noise generated from operation of pumps and blower

Noise generated from vehicular movement

Noise generated from DG Set

Nuisance to nearby areas due to noise polluting work at night

Identified Impacts on Water Environment

Increased water demand during construction phase for site preparation, dust spraying,

construction activities, curing, domestic and other water requirements for labour and staff

onsite

Increase in site runoff and sedimentation

Water logging may create unsanitary conditions and mosquito breeding at site

Identified Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment

The proposed project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for the construction of

terminal.

Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.

A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local

community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials,

repair outlets, hardware stores etc.

Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training skills

like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;

There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure on

key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.

The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and noise

due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.

The construction activity could also lead to water logging in mud pockets leading to breeding

of mosquito and related health impacts.

5.2.2 During Operation Phase

Identified Impacts on Land/Soil Environment


Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of hazardous chemicals/oils

Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during operation of the

proposed project

Identified Impacts on Air Environment

No emission is envisaged during the storage and handling of fuel in storage tank.

No fugitive emission during loading and unloading of oil in and from storage tanks is

envisaged.

Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation of

DG sets only during power outages.

Further, the air environment may have a little negative impact due to increase in storage

capacity which will increase the truck movement for receipt and dispatch of oil.

Identified Impacts on Noise Environment

Impact of noise due to vehicular traffic

Noise generated due to DG sets

Identified Impacts on Water Environment

Stress on existing water supply

Generation of waste water

Increased run off from site.

Identified Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment

Project and associated construction of terminal will eventually lead to permanent job

opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is likely to be increased demand

for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.

Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the plant which could benefit

the local population.

5.3 Impact Mitigation Measures

5.3.1 During Construction Phase

Impact Mitigation Measures for Land/Soil Environment

Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase

is over so as to restore the fertility of project site

Bituminous materials /any other chemicals shall not be allowed to leach into the soil

Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed

Waste oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved by

CPCB

Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipments deployed


All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized TSDF

The solid waste generation due to workers dwelling on the site will be segregated and will

be transported and disposed off to waste disposal facility

All the chemicals used during construction phase will be stored safely and shall have proper

bund wall for the maximum volume of chemicals stored

Impact Mitigation Measures for Air Environment

Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission

Standards3

Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and

serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions

of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content

diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2

Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along

unpaved sections of access roads

Appropriate spill control measures and labeling / handling procedures shall be maintained

Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/

green cover

However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the

existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to

be confined within the limited area.

Impact Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment

No noise polluting work in night shifts

Accoustic enclosures for DG Sets per CPCB guidelines

Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area

Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site

All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase should comply with

the CPCB noise standards4

4 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

4 Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in

any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.

4 Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year,

i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).

4 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf


Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to

daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)

Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any

unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them

Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy

equipment/ pumps/ blowers

Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials

In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures

Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.

Impact Mitigation Measures for Water Environment

Water Avoidance of wastage of curing water

Use of tanker water for construction activity.

Provision of temporary toilets for labour

Wastewater generated will be discharged into existing sewer line

Impact Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment

Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.

Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,

transportation etc. for the construction workers.

Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet, hoes,

goggles, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.

Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of

the industry.

The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and

thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.

The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during

specific complaints etc. Health centre and ambulance facility will be provided to the worker.

Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is

expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage

5.3.2 During Operation Phase

Impact Mitigation Measures for Land/Soil Environment

Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf


All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and

disposal to the authorized CHWTSDF

The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and

then sent to waste management facility.

Impact Mitigation Measures for Air Environment

Installing an internal floating roof tank to minimize evaporation losses of the product being

stored

Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission

Standards5

Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained

and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the

emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB

Stack height of DG sets shall be as per norms of CPCB to allow effective dispersion of

pollutants

Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic

arrangement for smooth traffic flow

Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/

green cover

Impact Mitigation Measures for Noise Environment

Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of

vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.

Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer

Impact Mitigation Measures for Water Environment

Waste water will be treated in Septic tanks followed by soak pits

Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and hardscape

area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit

Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of

storm water drainage

In case any open spillage of oil from tank shall lead to Oil Water Separator (OWS) where

separated oil send back to storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from

OWS will be reused for gardening and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck

movement.hence there is no adverse impact on receiving water body

5 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

5 http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php


Impact Mitigation Measures for Socio-Economic Environment

Both skilled and unskilled local person should be given preference for the jobs in the

operation and maintenance of the plant.

5.4 Impact Matrix

The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of

project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect

relationships but it is also useful for communicating results.

Matrix method incorporates a list of impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts,

presented in a matrix format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix

allows the identification of cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and

impacts. The impact matrix for the actions identified in Table 5.1 along with various

environmental parameters. A rating scale has been devised to give severity of impacts in the

following manner.

A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term

B. Low beneficial impact – Short term

C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term

D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term

E. No impacts on environment

Table 5.1: Impact Matrix

S.N. Activity

Positive Impact Negative Impact No

Impact Short

Term

Long

Term

Short

Term

Long

Term

Pre-Project Activity

1 Displacement and resettlement of

local people √

2 Change in land use √

3 Loss of trees/vegetation √

4 Shifting of equipment,

machinery and material √

5 Employment for local people √

Construction Phase

1 Pressure on infrastructure and

transportation system √

2 Impact on air quality including √


dust generation

3 Noise Pollution √

4 Traffic √

5 Impact on the land/soil

environment √

6 Impact on groundwater √

7 Stacking and disposal of

construction material √

8 Impact on water quality √

9 Health and safety conditions of

people √

10 Social impact √

11 Economic impact √

Operation Phase

1 Increase in air pollution and

noise levels √

2 Water harvesting and recharge √

3 Disposal of solid waste √

4 Infrastructure development √

5 Quality of life √

6 Handling operations for transfer,

charging of raw materials, final

product

√


5.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table 52.

Table 5.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impacting Activity Potential Impact

Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/

Social Attribute Source Contaminants Environment Health and Safety

Construction Phase

Camps -

Workforce

Arrangement

(~130 workers)

Generation of sewage,

organic wastes,

construction debris etc.

Possible

contamination of

project site and

nearby water

bodies

Potential risk of

respiratory irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to workers

• Local workers will be employed, as far as

possible.

• Proper sanitation facilities will be

provided for the workers

• There are no temporary shelters provided

because local workers will be engaged

--

Air Emissions Dust and air emission

particularly due to the

excavation,

construction and

movement of vehicles

resulting in air

pollution

Rise in RSPM

level at project site

Potential risk of

respiratory irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to workers

• Barricading sheets shall be provided

• Provision of spraying water to reduce

dust emission

• Excavated topsoil to be preserved and

reused for landscaping

• Ensuring all vehicles, generators and

compressors are shall be maintained and

regularly serviced

CPCB - National

Ambient Air Quality

Standards

Noise Generation Construction noise

mainly due to

excavation, Moving of

vehicles, operations of

cranes etc.

Rise in decibel

level of ambient

noise

Unwanted sound can

cause problems

within the body.

Excessive noise

pollution in working

areas at construction

sites can influence

psychological health

viz. occurrence of

aggressive behavior,

• The vehicles used will be with the proper

acoustic measures

• Wherever this cannot be achieved the area

will be earmarked as high noise level area

requiring use of ear protection gadgets

• Avoid night time work

CPCB - Noise

Pollution

(Regulation and

Control) Rules



Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/


disturbance of sleep,

constant stress,

fatigue and

hypertension.

Hampered sleeping

pattern and may lead

to irritation and

uncomfortable

situations.

Soil and

Groundwater

Contamination

• Spillage of concrete

mixture containing

additives and

plasticizers.

• Spillage of

construction material

containing heavy

metals, paints,

coatings, liners, etc.

• All fuel, Liquid Cargo storage will be

sited on an impervious base within a bund

and secured place. The base and bund

walls will be impermeable to the material

stored and of an adequate capacity.

Storage at or above roof level will be

avoided

• Leaking or empty drums will be handled

as per environment management plan

• Special care will be taken during

deliveries of construction materials,

especially when fuels and hazardous

materials are being handled

• Ensure that workers know what to do in

the event of a spillage

Operation Phase

Air Emissions • Release of VOC’s

during operational

activities (filling,

withdrawal,

loading/unloading,

tank cleaning and

• Contamination of

surface, and sub-

surface water

bodies during

operational

activities (soil

• Potential risk of

respiratory

irritation,

discomfort, or

illness to workers


• Above Storage Tanks (ASTs) shall have a

secondary containment area that will

contain spills and allow leaks to be easily

detected

• Secondary containment for ASTs must be

impermeable to the materials being

US Environment

Protection Agency

Industry Standard

Emission Factors

OISD-STD-112 -

Safe Handling of Air



Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/


degassing.)

• For storage tanks,

the total emission of

VOC is the result of

two types of losses:

Breathing/ Standing

Losses and

Withdrawal Losses.

and

groundwater)

• The greater the

variations in

temperature of

the fuel, the

greater the

potential loss and

the larger the risk

of contamination

due to

condensation.

dermal contact

and inhalation

stored. Methods include berms, dikes,

liners, vaults, and double-walled tanks

• A manually controlled sump pump should

be used to collect rain water that may

accumulate in the containment area of

storage tanks. Any discharge should be

inspected for petroleum or chemicals

prior to being dispensed

• Installation of vapour recovery systems to

collect the VOC’s emitted during transfer

process operations. Equipment for

transferring the product into and out of

storage will consist of aboveground

piping, hoses/loading arms, valves,

pumps, instrumentation and alarms

• Installing an internal floating roof tank to

minimize evaporation losses of the

product being stored.

• Efficiencies of primary seals may be

improved through the use of weather

shields. Additional controls may be added

through a secondary seal.

• Evaporative losses from the floating roof

design are limited to losses from the seal

system and roof fittings (standing storage

loss) and any exposed liquid on the tank

walls (withdrawal loss).

Hydrocarbon

Mixtures and

Pyrophoric

Substances

American Petroleum

Institute Standards6

OISD-STD-112 -

Safe Handling of Air

Hydrocarbon

Mixtures and

Pyrophoric

Substances7

6 http://www.api.org/publications-standards-and-statistics/standards

7 http://www.oisd.nic.in/#



Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/


• Using a pressure-ventilated cap can

reduce evaporation losses a further 50%

Direct venting of the tank fumes is

restricted until a slight pressure has built

up in the tank.

• Having a painted and pressure vented tank

has a 75% vaporation loss reduction

compared to a dark tank.

• Placing a painted and pressure vented

tank in the shade will further reduce the

evaporation losses by over 40%. The roof

also helps reduce weathering of hoses and

valves.

• Accumulated water in tanks should be

regularly drained off and separated from

the oil which is recoverable, while the

water is sent for treatment.

Wastewater Process waste water

arising from:

Tank Bottom Draining,

Tanker vehicle

washing,

Vapour Recovery

Process,

Contaminated storm

water runoff,

Leaks and spills, etc.

• Potential damage

of tanks due to

increased

corrosions from

wastewater in

tanks.


contamination to

water bodies

from wastewater

runoff.

Potential risk of

dermal contact and

inhalation from spill

sand leaks.

• Oil water should be passed through

appropriately selected and designed oil

and grease trap. Traps are designed to

remove some oils and fuels from water.

They do not remove other pollutants, such

as heavy fuel oils, chemicals or dust.

• An API oil-water separator shall also be

used to separate gross amounts of oil and

suspended solids from the wastewater

effluents/storm water runoff.

• Other treatment method such as

reprocessing and emulsion breaking for

American Petroleum

Institute Standards

CPCB standards for

waste water

discharge -

Petrochemicals

(Basic and

Intermediates)8

8 http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/402.pdf



Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/


treating oil and water waste types;

stabilization, bio-remediation and

sediment washing for oil and sediments

waste types shall be considered.

• Biological treatment or aerobic biological

treatment (activated sludge or aerated

basins) to reduce wastewater organic

carbon (BOD and COD) load. Biological

treatment can also remove phenolic

compounds.

Hazardous

Materials, Fire

and Explosion

• Risk of fire and

explosions due to

the flammable

and combustible

nature of

petroleum

products.

• Risk of leaks and

accidental

releases from

equipment,

tanks, pipes etc

during loading

and unloading

(handling)

Potential risk of loss

of life or injury due

to fire

Storage equipment should meet standards

for structural design and integrity.

American Petroleum Institute (API)

Standards are the primary industry

standards by which most aboveground

welded storage tanks are designed,

constructed and maintained. These

standards address both newly constructed

and existing aboveground storage tanks

used in the petroleum, petrochemical and

chemical industries. The standards prescribe

leak detection, leak prevention, and leak

containment with emphasis on leak or spill

detection and containment.

Specific changes and

additions with

regards to leak or

spill prevention,

detection or

containment have

been made to API

standards most often

used for the

construction and

maintenance of

aboveground

petroleum storage

tanks.

OISD-STD-117 -

Fire Protection

Facilities for

Petroleum Depots,

Terminals, and

Pipeline Installations



Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/


and Lube oil

installations.

Hazardous Waste • Hazardous waste

produced include:

Tank bottom sludge

composed of residual

product, scale rust,

Sludge from

oil/water separations

systems, Spill

cleanup material

• Contaminated

equipment and

protective clothing

• Pigging waste

Risk of site

contamination

from hazardous

waste and

Risk of

contamination to

water bodies.

• Dewatering technologies can be used to

significantly reduce the volume of

sludge..

• After a solidification process it can be

transported to and disposed of at an

appropriately designated landfill and

incineration site9.

• A Spill Response Plan shall be prepared,

and the capability to implement the plan

should be in place. The Spill Response

Plan should address potential oil,

chemical, and fuel spills from facilities,

transport vehicles, loading and unloading

operations, pipeline ruptures, and

proximity of water bodies and other

festive receptors.

• Conduct a spill risk assessment for the

facilities and design, drilling, process, and

utility systems to reduce the risk of major

uncontained spills.

• Conduct a Hazard Risk Assessment using

Internationally-accepted methodologies

such as Hazardous Operations Analysis

OISD-GDN-200 -

Guidelines For

Preparation Of Oil

Spill Response

Contingency Plan

OISD-STD-114 -

Safe Handling of

Hazardous

Chemicals

9 TSDF with Secured Landfill Facility and Common Incinerator Facility at M/s Madhya Pradesh Waste Management Project (Division of Ramky Enviro

Engineers Ltd.) Plot No. 104 - Industrial Area No.-II, Pithampur, Dist- Dhar 454 775 (M.P.)

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/hwmd/Information_TSDF.pdf



Mitigation Measures

Compliance/

Standards/ Best

Practice Guidelines

Environment/


(HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects

Analysis (FMEA), and Hazard

Identification (HAZID). The management

actions should be included in a Hazardous

Material Management Plan.

• Shutdown valves shall be installed to

allow early shutdown or isolation in the

event of a spill; Develop automatic

shutdown actions through an emergency

shutdown system for significant spill

scenarios so that the facility may be

rapidly brought into a safe condition.

• Ensure adequate personnel training in oil

spill, prevention, containment and

response.


The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 5.3.

Table 5.3: Overall Matrix

5.5 CONCLUSION

From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed project activity at Pekhubella,

Himachal Pradesh shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features, water,

noise and air environment. The proposed project shall generate additional indirect employment

and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-

liftmen of the local area as well as the state.


CHAPTER 6. PROJECT BENEFITS

6.1 Project Benefits

The Proposed project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which is as

mentioned below:

• Plant will be set up on barren land; hence no displacement of people is required.

• Substantial Socio-economic benefits.

• Good Techno-commercial viability.

• Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available

from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction

and Operational phase.

• There will be employment opportunity for local people during construction and operation

phase.

• Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project.

• Critical analyses of the existing socio-economic profile of the area indicate that the impact of

the Project is expected to be of varying nature. The following are the impacts predicted.

• Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals.

• Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to

the project.

6.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure

The project will improve supply position of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Motor Spirit (MS),

Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) and Ethanol in Himachal Pradesh state along with winter stocking

for Defence purpose, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life.

Delivery distance by tankers which in turn will reduce trucks on the road reducing the vehicular

load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air

pollution at local levels and also reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less

movement of tank trucks.

Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical

infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

6.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure

IOCL POL terminal shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social

Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system

etc.


6.4 Employment Potential

The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled

categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,

reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction

activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service

sector, although its magnitude will be much less.

The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities

exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to

provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

The total employment potential of plant is 130 people which will include 30 direct and 100

indirect that includes contract labours and even security personnels.

6.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development

IOCL not only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The

unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will

employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far

as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages

by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. The

Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility

(CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages.

Moreover, unit has planned to carry out various activities for the up-liftment of poor people,

welfare of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages

and therefore , during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by

statutory norms every year towards CSR activities. The various CSR activates planned at

present by the unit is described below;

• Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on government barren

land/common plots

• Education aids and scholarship to poor students

• Organize medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the

health facilities

• Financial support and assistance for the development and maintenance of the infrastructure

facilities

• Participate and contribute in local religious and social programs

• Organize various types of training program for the community like training on scientific

agricultural practices, educational training, training for tailoring, embroidery, etc. which

ultimately helpful for income generation


• Organize various types of awareness program for the community like awareness on the child

labor, educational promotion etc.

The activities listed above are not limited to and IOCL will plan and perform other activities

according to the need of local community in future. The utilization of this fund in various areas

with time bound action plan will be decided based on the requirement of the local community.

6.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer

This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of

excise duty, income tax, state sales tax or VAT, tax for interstate movement, corporate taxes etc.

Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of

registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from

associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes

from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area.

6.7 Other Tangible Benefits

Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are

described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like

• Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding

• Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting

• Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity

• Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.

• Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living

• Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order

• Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective


CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PLAN

7.1 Introduction

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted

impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines

the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation

and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to

implement these measures.

The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during

developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.

The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical

and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could

otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

• A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures

• Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action

• Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are

fully met

The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental

monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore,

environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental

activities.

7.2 EMP during Construction Phase

Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period

during the construction activity. Construction should be planned in such a way that excavated

material should be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities should preferably

be employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.

Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction

activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for

implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.


7.2.1 Air Environment

During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the heavy machineries

deployed for construction. All other emission sources are intermittent. Though the gaseous

emissions are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic

measures to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase from

point area and line sources shall include the following:

• All equipment used during construction should have valid PUC certitifcate.

• The storage and handling of soil, sub-soils, top-soils and materials will be carefully managed

to minimize the risk of wind blown material and dust

• To avoid generation of air borne dust, water sprinkling should done.

• There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any construction activities

• All vehicles delivering construction materials or removing soil will be covered to prevent

escape of dust

• Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust

emissions do not exceed statutory limits and that all vehicles and equipment are maintained

in accordance with manufactures’ manuals. Periodic monitoring of this shall be undertaken to

ensure compliance

• Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a

sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by

CPCB.

7.2.2 Noise Environment

The following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse

impacts on noise environment during construction phase:

• Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels should be used

• Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be

undertaken

• Onsite workers should be provided with noise protection devices such as ear plugs/ muffs

wherever necessary

• Periodic monitoring for the noise levels within the project site and along the outside project

boundary shall be undertaken to ensure compliance per CPCB set standards

7.2.3 Water Environment

Drinking water requirements during the construction phase by the contractors should be met

from proposed borewells on site. Construction labourers should be provided with adequate

quantity of drinking water of potable quality.


Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities should be provided in order to maintain hygienic

conditions in the camps of construction labourers. The wastes, such as, sanitary wastes should be

treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits of appropriate size and technology.

The solid waste generated should be collected and disposed in an appropriate manner either at a

landfill site or used as compost for agricultural uses. Area for maintenance of vehicles should be

so located that contamination of groundwater by accidental spillage of oil can be prevented.

7.2.4 Land Environment

• On completion of construction works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes

should be completely removed. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land should

be prohibited and stockpiles should be provided with gentle slopes.

• The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil, diesel containers or any other non-

biodegradable wastes that have leachable constituents should be disposed to authorized

recyclers.

• A waste management plan should be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the

commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural

vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil

compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.

7.2.5 Biological Environment

The region does not have dense vegetation and landuse is dominated by agriculture activities.

Following environemtnal managemenr measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts

on biological environment during construction phase:

• Plantation should commence at the time site clearing is being undertaken

• Number of trees replanted should be at least two times of trees removed

• Native species must be planted

7.2.6 Socio-economic Environment

Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent

on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely

impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, especially NH 503 and NH 21A during the

construction phase. Considering the high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective

traffic management scheme should be developed to avoid congestion on the nearby and local

roads.

Local persons will get employment during Construction phase.


7.2.7 Health and Safety

• The movement of heavy equipment should be done with proper precaution to prevent any

accidents on the road. Occupational risk should be minimized at the project site through

implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with

20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.

• Safety training should be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment.

Security should also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled

access to the machinery and equipment.

• The contractors should also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of

communicable diseases. All contract labors should be vaccinated. All illness and incidents

shall be reported and recorded.

7.3 EMP during Operation

In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental

components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:

7.3.1 Air Environment

• Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program to be implemented in the facility

• Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring

shall be continued at appropriate locations in the impact zone

• To minimize occupational exposure/hazards, the present practice of using personal protective

facilities like helmets, safety (gas) mask/safety dress, shoes etc. be ensured for all workers,

engaged in operation of process units within the facility complex

• Stacks of adequate height (CPCB norms) for DG Sets to ensure adequate dispersal of

pollutants will be provided.

• Waste oil will not be incinerated and will be sold to MoEF/HPPCB authorised waste oil

recyclers

• All access roads (internal as well as external) to be used by the project authorities will be

paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the

roads

7.3.2 Noise Environment

Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure

practicably low noise levels within the work environment.


• The major areas of concern for noise generation will be adequately addressed by considering

it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation stage. Further

feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to ensure that

the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized

• Monitor job and location specific noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations by

verifying acceptability of noise levels caused by the project activities and comparison with

noise criteria

• Conduct periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such as

compressors, DG sets, etc

• Provision of PPE’s will be done and their proper usage will be ensured for eardrum

protection of the workers as well as visitors

• Acoustic barriers and silencers should be used in equipment wherever necessary

• Sound proofing/ glass panelling should be provided at critical operating stations/ control

rooms, etc

• Monitoring of ambient noise levels should also be carried out regularly both inside the

facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt

7.3.3 Water Environment

Oil Water Separator (OWS) System

A holding tank of 600 m3 will be provided to receive following streams:

• Storm water streams potentially contaminated by oil

• Tank Cleaning

• Waste Water generated periodically from fire drills and fire fighting in case of accident.

This tank will then be connected to OWS with a capacity of 60 m3/hr. The oil free water should

then be used for green belt development to the extent possible.

Additionally, for domestic sewage, septic tank followed by soak pits shall be provided.

There will be no disposal of untreated water on land.

7.3.4 Land Environment

• Every precaution should be taken to avoid spillage of oils and other petroleum products on

soils to protect groundwater and to avoid any danger to other soil microbial groups which are

sensitive to oil pollution


• Oil is a potential hazardous substance present in wastes generated from facility. Special care

has to be taken in all oil removal operations. OWS Sludge will be sent to authorized

CHWTSDF.

• Greenbelt in and around the facility may be strengthened/maintained

• A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be

maintained at environmental monitoring cell

Plan of green belt development

• Along the periphery of the proposed marketing termina facility ~10 m Green belt will be

developed. Out of the total land of 25 Ha acquired for facility and associated facilities, about

8.25 ha has been earmarked for development of green belt. Plantation density of 2500 trees

per ha should be provided.

• The main entrance road is also adorned with date palm trees in the median and coconut trees

of dwarf varieties along the sides. The initiative will not only beautify the landscape but also

help reducing pollution in the environment.

• Water requirement in the greenbelt and horticulture area will be met from treated effluent of

OWS.

• A list of the variety of trees to be planted as a part of green belt development for the facility

has been enlisted in Table x.

Solid/Hazardous Waste Management

• Oily sludge generated from the OWS system shall be disposed of to CHWTSDF.

• In addition variety of wastes specially used oil containers will be generated from operations.

This will be sent for recycling to the approved parties as per the approval of HPPCB.

7.3.5 Biological Environment

Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to

their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for

providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.

7.3.6 Socio-economic Environment

In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed project and also to maintain

good will of local people, it is necessary to take steps for improving the social environment.

Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be useful in gaining public confidence

and meet local area development requirement. The following measures are suggested:

• IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality

of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies


• Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may

be taken up

• Regular medical check up shall be continued on routine basis in the villages around the

facility and also by providing mobile hospital services

• Formal and informal training to provide direct and indirect employment to the affected

villagers due to the project shall be taken up on priority

• Focus shall be on literacy program in collaboration with local government and emphasis will

be placed on female literacy. Wherever feasible awareness on improved agricultural practices

for increased utilization of land around will be taken up in collaboration with local

government & panchayat

7.4 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management

The expenditure will be incurred by IOCL on environmental Matters is given in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Expenditure on Environmental Matters

SN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

CAPITAL

EXPENDITURE

(IN CRORES)

RECURRING

EXPENDITURE

(IN CRORES)

1. Emission Control and Engineering (VRS, Al

dome/IFR) 12.00 1.20

2. Water and Wastewater Management

(Mech OWS/ETP) 1.00 0.15

3. Solid Waste Management (Sludge pit/ Bio-

remediation) 0.50 0.10

4. Greening Drive 0.50 0.10

5. Process Safety Facilities and EMP & Funds

for HSE (Fire water storage/ FH system,

AOPS, Safety PLC, HCD, Radar gauge etc)

20.00 1.50

6. Lab Equipments and Monitoring Cell 0.20 0.01

TOTAL 34.20 3.06

It is expected that IOCL shall incur approximate capital expenditure of about INR 34.20 Crores

and an annual recurring expenditure of about INR 3.06 Crores, at current price on environmental

matters.

7.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Introduction

Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is

just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The

resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-


economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader

prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is

not desecrated.

For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring

programme should be carried at the Pekhubella terminal.

The programme should include the following:

• Environmental Monitoring

• Personnel Training

• Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures

• Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other

records

Environmental Monitoring

Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the

post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information

on the following aspects.

• It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

• It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,

and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections,

have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post

study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 7.2.

Table 7.2: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program

Area of

Monitoring

Number and

Sampling locations

Frequency of

Sampling

Parameters to be Analysed

Ambient Air

Quality

1 station within

premises.

Once in three

months.

PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, HC, VOCs

and other parameters as specified

by HPPCB consents

Stack monitoring of

DG Set

Once in three months PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, CO and

other parameters as specified by

HPPCB consents

Water 1 Ground water sample

within the terminal

Twice in a year • Physical and Chemical

parameters

• Bacteriological parameters

• Heavy metals and toxic

constituents

Inlet and Outlet at

OWS

Daily when in

operation

Parameters as specified in HPPCB

consents

Noise Within 2 location , 1

within the premises

Twice a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq)

during day and night times.


and 1 in near by village

Solid Waste Records of generation

of used drums, bags

and

records of their

dispatch to suppliers

for refilling

Daily --

Records of generation

of waste oils and their

treatment

Daily --

Records of generation,

handling, storage,

transportation and

disposal of other solid,

aqueous

and organic hazardous

wastes as required by

hazardous waste

authorization

Daily --

Environmental

Audit

Environmental

statement under the EP

(Act) 1986

Once in a year --

7.5.1 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality at the Terminal site should be carried out on a regular basis to

ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air quality shall be monitored as

per Table 7.1.

7.5.2 Surface Water Quality

Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There

are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of

surface water in the vicinity of Terminal area during the operation is possible only in one form.

i. Contamination of rain water passing through the Terminal.

Surface water near the Terminal area should be generally sampled as per the above table.

7.5.3 Ground Water Quality

Ground water quality is also required to be checked periodically to detect any contamination

arising out of terminal. Ground water near the terminal area and nearby villages should be

generally sampled twice in a year and analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological

parameters, including heavy metals and trace elements.


7.5.4 Soil Quality

Soil samples close to the Terminal shall be collected as per above table. The samples should be

analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as well as organic and nutrient content and heavy

metals. This would help to detect any contamination or build up of harmful or toxic elements due

to leachate from the pollutants.

7.5.5 Noise Level

Ambient noise levels should be monitored at 2 locations inside and outside the plant in pre-

monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for day time and night time Leq.

7.6 Environmental Management Cell

The persons-in-charge of the terminal with the assistance of operation and maintenance

engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management.

Technical officers of the terminal station shall regularly carry out the following:

• Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.

• Systematic and routine housekeeping at the terminal station.

Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to

improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavor, the IOCL has been accredited with

national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this

following aspects are covered.

• Reviewing the whole operation of terminal, once in every two years, to identify the

environmental aspects.

• Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment

management.

• Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of

personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management

functions.

• Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at terminal site.

• Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at terminal through an external agency

approved by SPCBs.


CHAPTER 8. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

8.1 Introduction

Indian Oil Corporation is Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal at Pekhubella

Village, Una, Himachal Pradesh for meeting requirements of the petroleum product demand of

Defence forces in the northern Commend sector & to cater to the local need in the State of

Himachal Pradesh. The terminal has shall supply Petrol (MS), Kerosene (SKO), High speed

diesel (HSD) to carry out Winter stocking for the armed forces & for satisfying the Sustainable

development of the region.

Figure 8.1 represents the project site with 500m buffer zone detailing salient features of the

project.

Figure 8.1: Map showing project site along with occupancies in 500 Meters buffer zone

Contour map of 500m buffer zone as in Figure 8.2 shows shows relatively flat topography

between elevations of 360 to 367 MSL. Additionally, Figure 8.3 represents 500m buffer zone

drainage map with the existing nallah passing the project site. It is to be noted that the nallah is

proposed to be realigned as shown in Site Layout.


Figure 8.2: 500m buffer Contour Map

Figure 8.3: 500m buffer Drainage Map


It is seen from the contour map that land leveling with sufficient height and diversion of nallah

passing near Storage area is required to avoid storm water logging. Sufficient diameter Storm

Water drain line and natural rain water below 500 meter elevated access from main road is most

important for 24x7 operations.

8.2 Storage System

The process involved can be divided into two parts. This report covers only Risk assessment of

Storage area only. Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipeline and its

impact cannot be covered as it is not suggested at this stage. Storage of petroleum products in

storage tanks fabricated as per international standards. Man activity of project is dispatch of

petroleum products through Tank Lorries for Army & for local retail suppliers.

The entire operation of receipt, storage and dispatch of petroleum products is carried out in a

closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve enhanced safety.

The petroleum products viz. MS, HSD, SKO will be received from through the cross country

pipeline namely Panipat Ambala Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) which is currently operational

between Panipat & Jallandhar by taking a tap off point. It is proposed to provide a 10.75" dia

branch pipeline of approx. 70 kms. long from Urapar RCP (chainage 118.2 kms. from Ambala.)

to the proposed marketing terminal. The proposed Site Layout is enclosed as Annexure I.

8.2.1 General Classification of Petroleum Products

Petroleum products are classified according to their closed cup FLASH POINTS as given below:

Class-A Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point below 230

C.

Class-B Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 230

C and above but below 650

C.

Class-C Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 650

C and above but below 930

C.

Excluded Petroleum: Liquids which have flash point of 930

C and above.

8.2.2 Hazardous Area

An area will be deemed to be hazardous where Petroleum having flash point below 65 deg.C or

any flammable gas or vapor in a concentration capable of ignition is likely to be

present.Petroleum or any flammable liquid having flash point above 65 deg.C is likely to be

refined, blended or stored at above its flash point vied “The Petroleum Rules - 2002".

8.2.3 Storage Tank Details

Tank nos T-01 A, B, C & D (Stand by) has normal capacity of 9891 m3 with Dyke-1 & having

30 m Dia and 14 m Height. Class A product storage at one cluster at rare side plot area is to


avoid accidental ignition source from recipient station, dispatch area & Pre mix with ethanol

activities. Deatails of proposed storage tanks is as shown in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: Storage of Class A & class B & Fire water Tanks

Schedule Of Tanks Class ‘A’ Product (Flash Point < 23 C )

TAG

NO.

Size Product Nominal

Capacity

Licensed

Capacity

Location Remarks

T-D1A 30.00 m

x14.00 m H

Motor Spirit 9861 m3 8004 m

3 DYKE-IV IFR

T-D1B 30.00 m

x14.00m H


3 DYKE-IV IFR

T-D1C 30.00 m

x14.00 m H


3 DYKE-IV IFR

T-DBA 2.1 m x 6 m

L

Motor Spirit 20.77 m3 20 m

3 UG Horizontal

T-D4A 12.00 m x

8.00 m H

Ethanol 899 m3 601 m

3 DYKE-IV IFR

T-D4B 12.00 m x

8.00 m H


3 DYKE-IV IFR

T-D4C 12.00 m x

8.00 m H


3 DYKE-IV IFR

T-DBD 2.1 m x 6 m

L

Ethanol 20.77 m3 20 m

3 UG Horizontal

TR-1 12.00 m x

8.00 m H

Transmix 904.32 m3 600 m

3 DYKE-IV IFR

Sub Total for Licensed Capacity of Class ‘A’

Products

26440 m3

Schedule Of Tanks Class ‘B’ Product (Flash Point > 23 C<65 C)

T-02A 40.00 m x

14.00 m H

HSD 17530 m3 16003 m

3 DYKE-II CRV

T-02B 40.00 m x

14.00 m H

HSD 17530 m3 16003 m

3 DYKE-II CRV

T-02C 40.00 x

14.00 m H

HSD 17530 m3 16003 m

3 DYKE-II CRV

T-08B 2.1 m x 6 m

L

HSD 20.77 m3 20 m

3 UG Horizontal

T-08E

(OWN

USE)

2.1 m x 6 m

L

HSD 20.77 m3 20 m

3 UG Horizontal

T-03A 28.00 m x

11.00 m H

SKO 6742.m3

6006 m3

DYKE-III CRV

T-03B 28.00 m x

11.00 m H

SKO 6742.m3

6006 m3

DYKE-III CRV

T-08C 2.1 m x 6 m SKO 20.77 m3 20 m

3 UG Horizontal


L

T-08F 2.1 m x 6 m

L

Bio-Diesel 20.77 m3

20 m3

UG Horizontal

TR-2 12.00 m x

8.00 m L

Transmix 899m3

752 m3

UG CRV

Sub Total For Licensed Capacity Of Class ‘B’

Products

60853 m3

Grand Total of Licensed Capacity 87309 m3

Schedule of Fire Water Tanks

WT-

01/02/03

24.00 m x

11.00 m H

Water 4953m3

3790m3

- CRV

Facilities provided at project area are as shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Schedule of Facilities

SN Description Size Remarks

1 Ttd-1& Ttd-2 10.00 m x 6.50 m STRL

2A Product Pump Shed 115.00 m x 10.00 m STRL

2 Manifold Area 115.00 m x 35.00 m STRL

3 ETP Area 60.00 m x 40.00 m

4 Fire Water Pump Shed 36.00 m x 14.00 m STRL

5 Caliberation Shed Area 18.00 m x 10.00 m STRL

6 Dg Shed 18.00 m x 15.00 m STRL

7 Ht Yard 7.00 m x 5.00 m

8 Pmcc Room & Transformer Room 42.00 m x 16.00 m RCC

9 Control Room 50.00 m x 15 m RCC

10 Underground Tank Area 46.00 m x 8.250 m RCC

11 Admin Building 24.00 m x20 m RCC

12 Canteen/ Aminities Building 20.00 m x 20 m RCC

13 Store/Warehouse 20.00 m x 15 m RCC

14 Qc Lab Room 18.00 m x 12 m RCC

15 Sample Store Room 5.00 m x 5 m RCC

16 Locker Room 14.00 m x 8 m RCC

16A Entry Canopy 10.00 m x 28 m STRL

16B Exist Canopy 15.00 m x 28 m STRL

17 S & D Room 14.00 m x 10 m RCC

18 It Crew Rest Room/Canteen 25.00 m x 10 m RCC

19 Engg Store 15.00 m x 15 m RCC

20 Material Stack Yard 40.00 m x 30 m

21 PPP/First Aid Room 1400 m x 4 m RCC

22 Security Cabin 12.00 m x 6 m RCC

23 Tractor/ Mobile Foam Trailer Shed 20.00 m x 8 m STRL

24 Main Gate Rain 6 m + 1.2 m Wicked

Gate


25 Water Harvesting Pit Deleted Part of Lawn

26 Vapour Evaporating Room 15.00 m x 8 m STRL

27 Main Emergency Gate

28 Tt Parking Area 14000m2

29 Scooter / Car Parking Area 105 m2 in GF of item

11

30 Boundry Wall

31 Maintainance Room 15.00 m x 10 m RCC

32 Fire-Water Ug Tanks 10.00 m x 7 m x 2 m

deep

RCC

33 Water Reservior 5.00 m x 2 m x 2 m

deep

RCC

34 Slugde Tank 12.00 m x 8 m

To maintain environmental & occupational risk along with to maintain high process safety

standard OWS System, Vapor recovery system, Fire Water Tanks, Fire Pumps, CCTV, Hydrant

Network from all sides control room with BMS system, etc shall be provided to this Greenfield

Petroleum Storage Terminal.


Product

Capacity Head MLC

No of Pumps

Operation Standby

MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1

HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1

SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1

Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1



Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1



3/h 40 6 0






Slope Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0

Considering the high Risk of Fire and explosion, Main Fire Pumps & Jockey pumps electrical

driven are also provided and details provided in Table 8.4.


Table 8.4: Schedule of Fire Fighting Pumps


mWC

Nos of Pumps

Operating Standby


2 Main Pumps Deisel Engine Driven 616 m3/hr 105 3 2

The overall dimensions of Dykes is as provided in Table 8.5 and TLF and TLD details are as

provided in Table 8.6 and Table 8.7 respectively.

Table 8.5: Overall Dimensions of Dykes


m3

Overall

Dimension

Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 110 m x 110 m

Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 130 m x 130 m

Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 128 m x 49 m

Dyke - IV Ethanol


68 m x 22.5 m

46 m x 22.5m

Table 8.6: TLF Point Details

Product Bay No Loading Details Sub-Total

MS 1 to 8 Bottom 8

HSD 1 to 16 Bottom 16

SKO 9 to 16 Top & Bottom 8

Grand Total Loading Points 32

Table 8.7: TLD Point Details

Products No.of points

MS 4 Nos

SKO 4 Nos

HSD 4 Nos

Ethanol 4 Nos

8.2.4 Fire Fighting Facilities provided at Una Greenfield Storage at Una

• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS & HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by

OISD





8.2.5 Other Civil Facilities:

• Room for the Transformer and HT Breaker

• Fire Pumps

• MCC room

• Dyke walls for proposed product tanks

• Roads and Storm water drains for the new product tank farms

• Driveway around TLF shed

8.3 Hazard Identification

A liquid hydrocarbon fuel storage tank farm is a particular type of a chemical installation, in

which the hazard stems mainly from the big potential for fire. Hazards analysis is comprise all

the general items such as:

• Description of the local area; Nearby area ia totally agriculture with minimum habitat and no

HT Line or railway track is passing , Main road is about 500 meters away from storage area

Hence No Ignition source from Road accidents to vapors of storage tank .

• General map.;No forest of wild grass growth inside least jungle fire hazards

• Availability of water .Water table is at easy at about 19 ft with ample hydro geological

surface Good source for fire fighting for long hours

• Meteorological data of the area indicate that toxicants from tank fire will not affect major to

Una city being upwind direction

• Ground plan of the plant and/or tank farm are suitable in case of earth quack to withstand

structure

8.3.1 Methodology

• Tank inspection; before going into a full-blown quantitative analysis, this work proposes a

screening methodology that can, quite easily, lead to the identification of the areas where a

fire can start as a result of a hazardous substance release.

• The methodology is based on the philosophy of the checklist, namely a catalogue of causes

that could lead to the failure of the tank, together with a list of preventive and /or protection

measures that can avert the occurrence of an accident in a storage tank.

• These lists derive from past experience of tank operation and maintenance, and are to be

considered as prerequisite conditions to avoid problems in safety.

• If an installation satisfies these criteria, then the accident potential is very low without

banning risk totally.

8.3.2 Mechanical Hazards

Failure causes of tank accidents stated as under

The most common initiating events or failure causes for fixed/cone and floating roof tanks are

grouped in the general headings presented in Table 8.8.


Table 8.8: Failure Causes of Hydrocarbon Storage Tank

This proposed project is situated in Shivalika Mountain Range at Una, HP. In extreme winter

water may likely cause hurdle in fire fighting.

8.3.3 Fire & Explosion Index

The major plant element of Greenfield storage at Una HP containing hazardous material are the

storage tanks, associated pumping/transfer processes and tank truck loading. The Fire and

Explosion Index has been calculated based on the method developed by Dow Chemical

Company (USA).

The Fire and Explosion Index F is calculated from

F = MF x (1 +GPHtot) x (1 + SPHtot)

In which

MF = Material Factor, a measure for the potential energy of the

Dangerous substances present (According to NFPA data)


GPHtot = General Process Hazards, a measure for the hazards inherent

in the process (from the nature and characteristics of the process)

SPHtot = Special Process Hazards, a measure for the hazards originating from the specific

installation (process conditions, nature and size of Installation, etc.)

The Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) calculation is a tool to help determine the areas of greatest

loss potential in a particular processing (loading and unloading of petroleum products in

greenfield storage at Una H. It also enables one to predict the physical damage that would occur

in the event of an incident in the Terminal.

The first step in making the F&EI calculation requires using an efficient and logical procedure to

determine which process units should be studied. A process unit is defined as any major item of

process equipment. The following process units could be identified in a typical plant or

Terminal.

• Unloading facility/Recipient Station

• Storage tank

• Loading facility

The Material Factor (MF) is the basic starting value in the computation of the F&EI and other

risk analysis values for the terminal. The MF is obtained from the flammability and instability

rankings according to NFPA 704. The MF is a measure of the intrinsic rate of potential energy

release from fire or explosion produced by combustion or chemical reaction.

8.3.4 Process Hazard

After the appropriate Material Factor has been determined, the next step is to calculate the

Process Unit Hazards Factor, which is the term that is multiplied by the Material Factor to obtain

the F&EI.

When calculating the penalties comprising the Process Unit Hazards Factor, F3, pick a single

specific instant in time during which the material under consideration is in the most hazardous

normal operation state associated with the Process Unit. Startup, continuous operation and

shutdown are among the operational states of the terminal may be considered.

Calculations have been made for the F&E Index for storage of petroleum Product as given in

Table 8.9 and Hazard Categories as per Dow’s F&EI is shown in Table 8.10.

Table 8.9: F&E Index

GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS Penalty Factor

Range

Penalty Factor

Used

Base Factor 1 1

A. Exothermic Chemical Reactions- NA 0.30 to 1.25 0


B. Endothermic Chemical Reactions- NA 0.20 to 0.40 0

C. Material Handling and Transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.5

D. Enclosed or Indoor Process Units- NA 0.25 to 0.90 0

E. Access- NA 0.20 to 0.35 0

F. Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.5

GENERAL PROCESS HAZARDS (F1) 2.0

2. SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS Penalty Factor

Range

Penalty Factor

Used

Base Factor 1 1

A. Toxic Material (s) 0.20 to 0.80 0

B. Sub - Atmospheric Pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.5 0

C. Operation in or near flammable range (non inerted)

1. Tank Farms Storage Flammable Liquids 0.5 0.5

2. Process Upset or Purge Failure- No process 0.3 0

3. Always in flammable range - NA 0.8 0

D. Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0

E. Pressure - Operating Pressure : Ambient 0

F. Low Temperature - NA 0.20 to 0.30 0

G Quantity of Flammable/ Unstable Material

Quantity :approx. 3E9 lbs, Heat of Combustion : 18-

20 E-3 BTU/lb

1. Liquids or Gases in Process : No Process 0

2. Liquids or Gases in Storage 0.1

3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in Process

(<0.1 E9BTU) 0

H. Corrosion and Erosion (<0.5 mm/yr) 0.10 to 0.75 0.1

I. Leakage : Joints and Packing (minor expected) 0.10 to 1.50 0.1

J. Use of Fired Equipment - NA -

K. Hot Oil Heat Exchange System - NA 0.15 to 1.15 -

L. Rotating Equipment- pumps 0.5 0.5

SPECIAL PROCESS HAZARDS FACTOR (F2) 2.3

Table 8.10: Hazard Categories as per Dow’s F&EI

F & E Index Value Hazard Category

0 to 60 light

61 to 96 Moderate

97 to 127 intermediate

128 to 158 Heavy

>159 Severe

Comparison of the highest calculated F& E Index with the above table shows that proposed


Greenfield Hydrocarbon Storage at IOCL Una HP falls in the Moderate hazard category.

The fire and health hazards are also categorized based on NFPA (National Fire Protection

Association) classifications, described below in Table 8.11.

Table 8.11: Hazard Identification

S. No Products Nh Nf Nr

1. MS 1 3 0

2. HSD 0 2 0

3. SKO 0 2 0

4. ETHANOL 0 3 0

Nh NFPA health hazard factor

Nf NFPA flammability hazard factor

Nr NFPA reactivity hazard factor

Evaluation of the hazard based on the F&E Index is done based on the following guidelines:

8.3.5 Flammable

All the products handled at the Greenfield HydrocarbonS storage at Una, HP possess flammable

characteristics. Motor spirit with a flammability factor (Nf) of 3 may be considered as flammable

as it may be ignited even at ambient conditions. HSD, &SKO, with a flammability factor of 2

need to be heated moderately above ambient temperature before they could ignite. The “Flash

Point” is a good measure of the flammability potential. It may be inferred that MS is

“flammable” with flash point lower than the ambient temperature (280C). These flammable

materials on release are expected to form a large pool within the dykes of the terminal on release

from storage tanks. On an encounter with a source of ignition, there exists the potential for a pool

fire.

From the boiling point, it is seen that all the products have boiling points in excess of ambient

temperature; hence vapour formation subsequently resulting in a Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)

or a Flash Fire outcome is generally unlikely. However, tank and tanker explosions are simulated

for the rare possibility of a flammable mixture forming within the closed tank. In the open

(where there is zero extent of confinement), these materials do not have sufficient vapour

pressure to explode)

Electrical Fittings & Equipments &Hazard areas classified as under:-

“0” AREA: Area where inflammable gases or vapours are expected to be continuously

present; e.g. Tank Farm, Class a Product tank area & Roofs of Floating roof tanks

“1” AREA: Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present under normal

operation condition; e.g. Tank Lorry Filling Shed, Pump House/Manifold & Oil water

separator


“2” Area; Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present only under

abnormal condition of failure or rupture of an equipment; e.g. Yard, Gate Area & Drainage

Blast over Pressures: The term over pressure (∆p) is applied to a pressure difference, relative to

a "normal" or "ambient" pressure. "Blast over pressure (BOP), also known as high energy

impulse noise, is a damaging outcome of explosive detonations.

Over pressures depend upon the reactivity class of material like HSD, MS & Ethenol present in

the Green field storage at Una HP, and the amount of gas between two explosive limits.

Motor Sprite could give rise to a VCE due to their vapour pressures -however, as the results will

indicate, the cloud flammable masses are quite small due to the high boiling point and low

vapour pressures. In addition, unless there is sufficient extent of confinement, it is unlikely to

result in any major explosion. Examples where flammable mixtures could be found are within

storage tanks and road tankers. Open-air explosions are unlikely. As a result damage would be

limited.

8.4 Consequence Modeling

Scenarios investigated In the Analysis In a consequence assessment dealing with refinery

process and storage facilities, which primarily handle hydrocarbons, the possible scenarios that

merit investigation are:

• Fires

� Flash Fires

� Pool Fires

� Jet Fires

2. Explosions

� Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosions (UVCE)

� Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions (BLEVE)

• Flash Fire – A Flash Fire, in effect, is a sheet of flame that moves through a cloud of gaseous

or vaporised hydrocarbons, without any accompanying shock-wave. It rarely lasts for more

than a few seconds, and causes little damage to equipment and installations, but is fatal to

individuals in its path.

• Pool Fire – A Pool Fire is a fire on a stationary liquid surface, such as that of a pool of liquid

hydrocarbon. The nature of the flame depends upon the fuel burning, with more smoke being

generated by heavier hydrocarbons on fire. Its thermal radiation can affect all individuals and

facilities in its vicinity, but its intensity depends upon the volume available, and the duration

of the fire.

• Jet Fire – A Jet Fire occurs when a hydrocarbon release from a pressurised source is ignited

close to the source of the release. It is, for all practical purposes, a jet of flame that will last

as long as the supply of fuel lasts under pressure and whose radiation and effect zone, depend

as much upon the fuel as on the pressure at which it is released. In addition to damage


inflicted by thermal radiation, the flame can also cut through metal, if it were to impinge

upon the metallic surface, setting off a domino effect.

• Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion – A UVCE is similar to a flash fire, except that in

addition to the flame front, a pressure front, generated by the fire, moves through the cloud,

at speeds of 100 m /s or greater.

• Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion – A BLEVE occurs when a liquefied, or

occasionally a liquid, hydrocarbon is contained in a vessel exposed to an external fire. The

fire weakens the shell of the vessel, while also causing the hydrocarbon to boil, thereby

pressurising the vessel. Once the vessel’s pressure exceeds the threshold limit of the metal,

the shell would fail spilling out the rest of the hydrocarbon, which would then undergo an

explosion or a fireball.

Metrological Data of Una city Himachal Predesh is also consider for consequence modeling,

Meteorological Data:

Maximum Temperature - 40° C

Minimum Temperature - 2° C

Maximum Rainfall - 4.8 mm in 24 hours &

Minimum 0.1 mm in 24 hours

Maximum Relative Humidity - 94%

Minimum Relative Humidity - 36%

Predominant wind Direction - From North-West and South-East

8.4.1 Damage Criteria

In consequence analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical

effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury,

material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three major

groups:

• Source strength parameters assessment

• Consequential effects determination

• Damage or damage distances calculation

8.4.2 Risk Analysis of Storage tank area

• In an analysis of this nature, the failure scenario is examined in detail All possible outcomes

of every failure identified are assessed, taking into account the size and nature of the failure,

the process parameters prevalent at the point of the release and the weather conditions.

• Normally, the factors analysed are dispersion distances (Lower Flammability Limit or LFL)

of the substance released, the probable radiation from any fire that results, and the possible

shock wave and domino effect upon equipments and structures that could arise from an

explosion, should one occur.

• 6A very important factor to be borne in mind is that volatile petroleum products such as MS

will form substantial amount of vapour if it is allowed to leak for considerable amount of


time, and the flammable material will spread further if the leak is allowed to spread beyond

dyke to a larger area.

• The vaporisation in the present case was higher as the MS pool resulting from loss of

containment was not confined to the dyke but spread over a much larger area of the

Terminal Plot through storm water drains. Further, high velocity vertical jet of MS

emanating from Hammer Blind could lead to enhanced MS carry over into rhe vapourized

mass through wind losses through entrainment.

• Explosion mechanism of inflammable vapours envisages the formation of an “Explosive

Mass” which is the quantity of vapour formed within “Lower Flammability Limit” (LFL)

and “Upper Flammability Limit” (UFL). The quantity of explosives mass determines the

effect of the explosion blast. The time required for forming the explosives mass will be

dependent on rate of vaporisation which, in turn will depend on “vapour Pressure of the

liquid which “vaporises” and the “liquid pool area” resulting from “loss of containment”

and also to an extent on “ nature of loss of containment (rate/velocity of release, direction

i.e. horizontal/vertical). Based upon these calculations, effect zones for each of the outcomes

are determined, to reveal what facilities or installations were likely to have been affected.

8.4.3 Consequential effects

• Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength, relative

density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the surrounding area

• Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m2] due to a fire, as a function of the distance to the

source.

• Energy of vapour cloud explosions [in N/m2], as a function of the distance to the distance of

the exploding cloud.

• Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of evaporated

chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.

It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study strongly

depend upon the type of material involved:

• Gas, vapour, liquid, solid

• Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products

• Stored at high/low temperatures or pressure

• Controlled outflow (pump capacity) or catastrophic failure

VCE Blast Pressure Calculation:

In the event that prevalent weather conditions and the turbulrnce of a cloud permit sufficient

sufficient mixing with air, an Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion ( UCVE) can occur when the

cloud encounters a source of ignition. The flame front moves through the cloud fast enough to

compress the surrounding air into a shock wave and facilities within the overpressure distances

of the blast will be damaged. The Table 8.11 below indicates the effects of different levels of

overpressure:


Table 8.11 VCE Blast Pressure Calculation:

SN Blast Overpressure (psi) Damage level

1 5.0 Major Structural Damage; fatal to people indoor

2 3.0 Oil storage tank failure

3 2.5 Ear drum rupture

4 2.0 Repairable damage: light structure collapse

5 1.0 Window panes shatter: light injuries

8.4.4 Damage Criteria

The damage criteria give the relation between extent of the physical effects (exposure) and the

percentage of the people that will be killed or injured due to those effects. The knowledge about

these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. For instance, much more is

known about the damage caused by heat radiation, than about the damage due to toxic exposure,

and for these toxic effects, the knowledge differs strongly between different materials. In

Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are

distinguished in IOCL Una Greenfield Storage.

• Heat radiation, from a pool fire or flash fire.

• Explosion.

Heat Radiation: The consequences caused by exposure to heat radiation are a function of:

• The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2],

• The exposure duration [sec],

• The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body)

The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation and for second-degree

burns are given in the below.

The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios. In Consequence Analysis,

geographical location of the source of potential release plays an important role. A summary of

the results of the analysis are presented Table below:


Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of HSD Threat Modeled indicate that within 17 m, 10 kW/m

2 potentially lethal may cause fatal

accidents. Sufficient inter storage distance allocated vide OISD- 244 for storage tank layout

design as shown in Figure 8.4.

Category Distance

(m)

Thermal

radiation, kW/m2

Severity

Red 17 10 potentially lethal

within 60 sec

Orange 24 5 2nd degree burns

within 60 sec

Yellow 37 2 pain within 60 sec

Figure 8.4: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of HSD


Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of Motor Spirit is as shown in Figure 8.5.

Threat Modeled: Threat Zone:

Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire

Category Distance

(m)

Thermal

radiation, kW/m2

Severity


within 60 sec


within 60 sec


Figure 8.5: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Motor Spirit


Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of SKO and Ethanol is as shown in Figure 8.6.


Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire of SKO

Category Distance

(m)

Thermal

radiation, kW/m2

Severity


within 60 sec


within 60 sec



Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire of Ethanol

Category Distance

(m)

Thermal

radiation, kW/m2

Severity


within 60 sec


within 60 sec


Figure 8.6: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of SKO and Ethanol


Thermal Radiations from Pool Fire of Transmix is as shown in Figure 8.7.


Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire

Category Distance

(m)

Thermal

radiation, kW/m2

Severity


within 60 sec


within 60 sec


Figure 8.7: Thermal Radiations for Pool Fire of Transmix


8.5 Risk Mitigation

Accidental leakages and storage tank failures can be prevented undertaking following Protective

Measures:

The most common initiating events leading to an accident in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel storage

tank together with the preventive and protection measures to be taken have been listed.

The innovative part of the RA Report for Una Greenfield storage study is the presentation of the

check list aimed at helping both safety engineers and safety reviewers to easily identify the major

contributors to risk and detail the analysis in those aspects.


• Institutions with underground storage tank system and/or piping must have automatic

gauging or continuous leak detection or must conduct annual precision leak detection tests.

All methods require recording of the results.

• Institutions with horizontal aboveground storage tank system without secondary containment

must visually inspect the exterior walls of the tanks once per month, perform inventory

reconciliation and annual leak detection tests. All methods require recording of the results.

• Institutions with vertical aboveground storage tank system without secondary containment

must initially inspect the walls and afterwards set up an ongoing leak detection or monitoring

program.

• Institutions with a storage tank system that has aboveground piping without secondary

containment must:

� Use continuous external aboveground pipe leak monitoring, or

� Have a corrosion analysis program

� Visually inspect the piping monthly, or

� Annually perform a piping precision leak detection test. Institutions with a storage tank

system that has a sump must: use continuous leak monitoring, or

� Visually inspect annually.

8.6 Conclusion & Recommendations for Risk Reduction

From the RA calculations following conclusion are expressed for Risk Reduction. The

administration block of IOCL Una, Greenfield Storages is relatively safe from damage, except in

the event of uncontrolled pool fires from leaking filled tankers and incoming manifold line

ruptures (liquid pool is unconfined and would develop to its full size). In addition, the area of

damage will be that where many are working (drivers, helpers, Officers, security staff, etc.)

meaning possibility of more fatalities. Training in fire fighting, escape, operation of emergency

switches etc. is vital. The Fire orders & Periodic Mock drills are the best ways of ensuring

emergency preparedness.

Only one access from Main Road in worst case of tanker fire could affect nearby parallel road by

dense smoke and hot gases the traffic is high during evacuation of Tanker from dispatch area and

is a cause of major concern. Tank fires could affect adjacent tanks. Heat radiation from the tank

fires is UNLIKELY to overheat the foam tanks. However, in case of a pool fire involving the

dyke, the foam tank could get overheated. Such situations demand simultaneous tank cooling in

adjacent tanks.

Ensure that combustible flammable material is not placed near the storage tanks and in the other

decanting and filling areas. These could include oil filled cloth, wooden supports, oil buckets etc.

These must be put away and the areas kept permanently clean and free from any combustibles.

Secondary probability would be greatly reduced as a result of these simple but effective

measures.

Pump loading line failures. Hose failures etc. again have possibility of causing major damage.

Great care is necessary, as the vicinity could have a lot of persons as possible victims.

Supervision by staff, hoses maintenance and following strict procedures is essential for

preventing escalation of such incidents of high frequency and low outcome. Emergency

procedures should be well rehearsed and state of readiness to be achieved.


There are very few residential locations in the vicinity of IOCL Una Storage. In case of

accidental release of flammable or toxic vapours can result in severe consequences. Delayed

ignition of flammable vapors can result in blast overpressures covering large area of agriculture

One Nallah passing through the project site has been proposed to be diverted and provided with

slab for Truck Tanker movement area. During cloud burst & flood situation water may log at

entry point of Green field storage area which can be mitigated by providing Storm water

drainage line with sufficient dimension.

No Fire station for Fire Tender Provision is provided within Layout. It is recommended that as

Una city is about 5 km away from Storage area. It is recommended to have full fledged Fire

Station with Fire Tender 24x7. Alternative site access vied OISD 244 should be provided

directely from Main road till Dispatch area.

If Swan River is connected with Bhakra Nangal back water, effective communication system is

essential for early warning in case of any disaster.

Fire Audit and Safety audit to be conducted by Third party to identify non conformity.


CHAPTER 9. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

9.1 Consultants Engaged

This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office

staff, their R & D wing, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental

Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory, Thane.

M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory:

Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of India]

not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that they are

economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered, make

them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in record time

is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A team of more than hundred environmental brigadiers consists

of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic experts, solid waste

and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and monitoring experts and

management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and best services.

Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental

clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township

projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.

Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP /WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from

Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF

approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and

analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and

meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.

The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 8.1.

Table 9.1: EIA Team

SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert(NABET Accredited)

1 Mr. Santosh Gupta

Mr. Timir Shah

EIA Coordinator

Associate Team Member

2 Mr. Timir Shah Air Pollution

2 Mr. Timir Shah Water Pollution

3 Mr. Santosh Gupta Solid Hazardous Waste

5 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity

6 Dr. Kishore Wankhede Socio Economic

7 Mrs.Sampada Shidid Municipal Solid Waste

8 Mr.Ajay Patil Team Member


Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s.Indian Oil

Corporation Ltd.” is as shown in Table 8.2:

Table 9.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA

S.N. NAME OF

SECTOR

NAME OF

PROJECT

NAME OF

CLIENT

FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS

INVOLVED

FA NAME/S

1. Schedule 6 (b)

Category ‘B’

Isolated storage

& handling of

hazardous

chemicals

M/s.Indian

Oil

Corporation

Limited.

AP Mr. Timir Shah

WP

Mr. Timir Shah

Associate:

Mr.Ajay Patil

EB

Dr. T. K. Ghosh

Associate:

Ms.Bharti Khairnar

SE Dr. Kishore Wankhede

SHW

Mr. Santosh Gupta

Associate:

Mrs.DeepaTamhane – Karnik

LU

Mr.Yomesh Rao

Associate: Mr. Prasad

Khedkar

RH

Dr.Ravindra Kode

Associate:

Mr.Ajay Patil

9.2 Laboratory for Analysis

NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES ACCREDITATION

STATUS

ENVIRON TECH

LABORATORIES

Monitoring and Analysis of:

• Ambient Air Monitoring

• Stack Emission Monitoring

• Bore Water(Analysis)

• Domestic & Potable

Water(Analysis)

• Waste Water(Analysis)

Accreditated by NABL

Valid upto 23.04.2017

ANNEXURE -I

PLOT LAYOUT

ANNEXURE-II

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Salient Features of Una Marketing Terminal ................................................................... 1

1.2.1 Location .................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.2 Storage Tanks............................................................................................................ 1

1.2.3 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds ........................................................................ 2

1.2.4 Water Supply ............................................................................................................ 2

1.2.5 Product Pump House................................................................................................. 2

1.2.6 Fire Fighting Facilities .............................................................................................. 3

1.2.7 Dyke Wall Facility .................................................................................................... 4

1.2.8 Manpower Requirement............................................................................................ 4

CHAPTER 2: SELECTION OF SCENARIOS FOR EMERGENCY PLANNING .............. 5

2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Hazard Identification & Selection of Scenarios ............................................................... 6

2.3 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning ................................................. 6

2.4 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning ................................................. 7

2.5 Mock Drill Exercises ...................................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 3: ORGANIZATION-DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES .................................. 11

3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Duties and Responsibilities for functionaries................................................................. 11

3.2.1 Crisis Coordinator (HO) ......................................................................................... 11

3.2.2 Crisis Coordinator (RO) .......................................................................................... 12

3.2.3 Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) ..................................................................... 12

3.2.4 Site Incident Controller ........................................................................................... 12

3.2.5 Fire and Safety Functionary .................................................................................... 13

3.2.6 Engineering Functionary (Maintenance) ................................................................ 13

3.2.7 Communication Functionary .................................................................................. 14

3.2.8 Medical Functionary ............................................................................................... 14

3.2.9 Transport Functionary ............................................................................................. 14

3.2.10 Security Functionary ............................................................................................... 14

3.2.11 Materials Functionary ............................................................................................. 15

3.2.12 Finance Functionary................................................................................................ 15

DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP i

3.2.13 Welfare Functionary ............................................................................................... 15

3.2.14 Mainline Search Party Leader ................................................................................. 15

3.3 List of Names of Functionaries ...................................................................................... 16

3.3.1 Head Office/ Regional Office ................................................................................. 16

3.3.2 Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials ............................................................. 16

3.3.3 Quick Reaction Team ............................................................................................. 16

CHAPTER 4: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES ................................................ 17

4.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 17

4.2 Initial Notification of Releases ....................................................................................... 18

4.3 Establishment and Staffing of Field Command Post ..................................................... 19

4.4 Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the Incident Site ......................... 19

4.5 Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes .............................................................. 19

4.6 Evacuation Of Area ........................................................................................................ 20

4.7 Fire Response ................................................................................................................. 21

4.8 Health Care ..................................................................................................................... 21

4.9 Personal Protection ......................................................................................................... 21

4.10 Public Relations.............................................................................................................. 21

4.11 Spill Containment And Cleanup ................................................................................... 22

4.12 Documentation and Investigative Follow Up................................................................. 23

4.13 Training .......................................................................................................................... 24

Responsibility, Frequency and Procedure for Evaluation ......................................................... 24

CHAPTER 5: OFF-SITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE .......................................................... 25

5.1 Introduction and Definition of Off-Site Emergency ...................................................... 25

5.2 Legal Authority and Responsibility For Off-Site Emergency Response Legislation In India ...................................................................................................................................... 25

5.3 Off-Site Emergency Plan Objectives ............................................................................. 26

5.4 Important Government Agencies Involved In Off-Site Emergency Actions ................. 27

5.5 Responsibility of DEA ................................................................................................... 27

5.6 Responsibility of Crisis Group ....................................................................................... 27

5.7 List of Telephone Numbers of Outside Agencies around the Terminal ........................ 28

DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP ii

LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity ........................................................................... 1

Table 1-2: Schedule of Pumps ........................................................................................................ 2

Table 1-3: Details of Fire Tanks ..................................................................................................... 3

Table 1.4: Schedule of Fire Pumps ................................................................................................. 3

Table 1-5: Dyke Wall Details ......................................................................................................... 4

Table 3-1: List of Offices/Regional Offices ................................................................................. 16

Table 3-2: Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials .................................................................. 16

Table 5-1: Important Contacts ...................................................................................................... 28

DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP iii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Disaster Management Planning is an integral and essential part of loss prevention strategy. Although a great deal of efforts and money is spent to reduce the scale and probability of accidents, there always remains a finite but small possibility that disaster may occur. Effective action has been possible due to existence of pre-planned and practiced procedures for dealing with emergencies.

This disaster management plan sets out the procedures and measures to be taken into account in the event of loss of containment and consequence thereof in the Terminal of IOCL in Una (Himachal Pradesh).

1.2 Salient Features of Una Marketing Terminal 1.2.1 Location

The project site Una Terminal is well connected by rail and road, having latitude and longitude of 31°24'30.90"Nand 76°16'48.88"E E, respectively. The total land of Terminal is ~ 25 ha (61.6 Acres). The nearest Railway station is Una Station at a distance of 9.0 Km and nearest airport is Chandigarh Airport which is at a distance of approximately 135 Km from the project site.

1.2.2 Storage Tanks

Petroleum products like Motor Spirit (MS), Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), and Ethanol will be received, stored and dispatched from this installation. M/s IOCL will install 18 Nos. of tanks for the purpose. Details of product wise proposed tankage at Una Terminal are given in Table 1-1. Table 1-1: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity

SN Product Type of Tank

Proposed Tanks &

Capacities (m3)

Total Tankages (m3)

Dimater (m)

Height/Length (m)

Class of Products

1 Motor Spirit (Petrol)

IFRVT UG

3 x 8000 1 x 20

24,020 30 2.25

14 5.5

Class ‘A’

2 High Speed Diesel

CRVT UG

3 x 16000 2 x 20

48,040 40 2.25

14 5.5

Class ‘B’

3 Superior Kerosene Oil (Kerosene)

CRVT UG

2 x 6000 1 x 20

12,020 28 2.25

11 5.5

Class ‘B’

4 Ethanol IFRVT UG

3 x 600 1 x 20

1,820 12 2.25

8 5.5

Class ‘A’

5 Transmix IFRVT 1 x 600 1,200 12 8 Class

DMP for Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Terminal by IOCL at Una, HP 1

CRVT 1 x 600 12 8 ‘A’ Class

‘B’ 6 Slop CRVT 1 x 600 600

Total 87,700

The products like MS, SKO, HSD are proposed to receive through the cross country pipeline i.e. Panipat Ambala Jallandhar Pipeline (PAJPL) which is currently operational between Panipat & Jallandhar by taking a tap off point. It is proposed to provide a 10.75" dia branch pipeline of approx. 70 kms. long from Urapar RCP (chainage 118.216 kms. from Ambala.) to the proposed Una marketing terminal. Products will be primarily transported through tank trucks.

Note: In addition to these three product tanks, other allied facilities of the terminal would be developed as per OISD rules and regulation.

1.2.3 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Sheds

There will be two (2) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD whereas it will be both top & bottom loading for SKO.

1.2.4 Water Supply

Requirement for the Project will be 10 m3 for construction phase and 31 m3 for Operational phase from two (2) proposed bore wells.


Proposed project will have 1 Pump House: 115 m X 10 m with new product pumps along with Pump House Manifold: 115 m X 35 m. The details of the proposed pumps are as shown in Table 1.2.

Table 1-2: Schedule of Pumps

Product Capacity Head MLC

No of Pumps Operation Standby

MS 360 m3/h 50 2 1 HSD 360 m3/h 50 4 1 SKO 360 m3/h 50 2 1 Ethanol 108 m3/h 60 2 1 MFA for MS 100 LpH 60 1 1 MFA for HSD 100 LpH 60 1 1 Blue Dye 0.10 m3/h 60 1 1


HSD, MS, SKO, Ethanol, Bio-Diesel own use HSD

72 m3/h 40 6 0

Borewell pump 100 m3/h 50 1 1 Sludge Pump for MS 72 m3/h 40 1 0 Sludge Pump for SKO 72 m3/h 40 1 0 Slop Oil Pump for HSD 72 m3/h 40 1 0 Mix Product 216 m3/h 50 1 1 Slope Oil 72 m3/h 40 1 0



• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS and HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD

• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD


The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 1-3 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have been provided in Table 1-4. Additionally, Fire Water Shed has been provided of 35x14m.

Table 1-3: Details of Fire Tanks

SN Product Type of Tank

Proposed Tanks and Capacities

Total Tankages m3

Dimater (m)

Height (m)



SN Description Capacity Head WC

Nos of Pumps Operating Standby


2 Main Pumps Diesel Engine Driven 616 m3/hr 105 3 2

• Water Sprinkler system on proposed MS & HSD as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD

• Foam fighting system on proposed Diesel (HSD) and Petrol (MS) tanks as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD


• Provision of Fire hydrant piping network for the new product tank farms. Fire water storage planned for 2 simultaneous contingencies with full coverage of fire hydrant facilities to the entire plan area & positioning of fire fighting equipments as per OISD standards & MB Lal recommendations. • Permanent fire water storage & fire hydrant system to cover the entire terminal operating

area shall be provided.

• The water storage & pumping facilities shall be designed to cater 2 simultaneous emergencies inside the terminal as mentioned below. Fire hydrant line network – 5000 m. Fire fighting equipments – as per OISD 117


Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of each tank & Total maximum capacity is highlighted below in Table 1-5.

Table 1-5: Dyke Wall Details

Sr. No. Dyke Wall Containing Tanks (No.) Max. Capacity Tank m3

Overall Dimension

Dyke - I MS (3x8000) 15,986 m3 110 m x 110 m Dyke – II HSD (3x16000) 27,090 m3 130 m x 130 m Dyke – III SKO (2x6000) 7,259 m3 128 m x 49 m

Dyke - IV Ethanol Transmix (2x600) 1,920 m3 68 m x 22.5 m

46 m x 22.5m

In proposed POL Terminal, 18 (above Ground) tanks have been provided in four sets of dyke walls. Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is more than the maximum capacity of the product tank in case of leakage. Dykes are provided with adequate wall heights and width as per OISD norms.

1.2.8 Manpower Requirement

Total Manpower Requirement of the project will be 130 (30 direct and 100 indirect to include contract labour and security personnel).

The layour plan of Una Marketing Terminal is attached as Annexure – I.


CHAPTER 2: SELECTION OF SCENARIOS FOR EMERGENCY PLANNING

2.1 Introduction

The primary step in any disaster management planning is identification and assessment of the principal hazards like for instance the hazards due to fire & explosion. It is the most important step without which the whole exercise of emergency planning turns out to be meaningless. Operation experience and criteria review will help in identifying the vulnerable points and possible hazards. These are then assessed applying the appropriate risk analysis methods. The entire Licenced Area of this Terminal may be considered as the area of Hazard. In line with Petrolum Rules and regulation, the hazard area may be classified as under:

(a) “0” AREA

Area where inflammable gases or vapours are expected to be continuously present.

(i) Inside of all tanks (b) “1” AREA

Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present under normal operation condition.

• Tank Lorry Filling Shed • Pump House/ Manifold • Class A Product U/G MS tank Area • Wagon Gantries • Roofs of Floating roof tanks

(c) “2” Area

Area where inflammable gases or vapours are likely to be present only under abnormal condition of failure or rupture of an equipment.

• TLF driveway/Yard • Drainage • Tank Farm


2.2 Hazard Identification & Selection of Scenarios

The hazards from HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol spill include: • Pool fire • Flash fire • Vapour cloud explosion The causes of the spillages can be divided into following categories: • Mechanical failure • Operational failure • Natural hazards • Third party activity

At the Terminal, failure of any of the equipment such as tanks, pumps, valves, flanges, filter etc. can result in loss of containment. The new terminal is divided into appropriate isolatable sections i.e. sections that can be promptly isolated from each other in case of emergency. The outcome cases considered for each release case are as follows: Immediate ignition resulting in pool fire Delayed ignition resulting in flash fire/ vapour cloud explosion The following damage criteria for 1% fatality distances have been used: Fires: heat radiation 12.7 kW/m2 during 20 sec Explosions: overpressure 0.1 bar

2.3 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning Based on the risk analysis study and discussion on basis for scenario selection for emergency planning, the accident scenarios of Una Terminal for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill are suggested as follows.

For Terminal In most cases the spill will be contained within the boundary wall, therefore, for pool fire scenarios the consequences are not likely to go beyond the boundary limits.

A vapour cloud for HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol spill can be formed except for unstable weather conditions such as typical day-time conditions.

Line rupture downstream of pump, release of Oil, formation of flammable vapour cloud and possibility of delayed ignition resulting in vapour cloud explosion/flash fire/pool fire For Line Tanks For Line tanks, the 1% fatality distance (12.7kW/m2) for clothed human body and exposure duration of 10 seconds extends. Calculations indicate that no possibilities of explosive mass from fixed pool area.


Electrical (major/minor) fire in substation/ office In case of fire in substation /office, shut down the main power line input source forward towards the Terminal. Use the Protective devices like ACB (air circuit breaker), VCB (vacuum circuit breaker).

2.4 Suggested Accident Scenarios for Emergency Planning Based on the risk analysis study and discussion on basis for scenario selection for emergency planning, the accident scenarios of Una Terminal for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill are suggested as follows. For Terminal • In most cases the spill will be contained within the boundary wall, therefore, for pool fire

scenarios the consequences are not likely to go beyond the boundary limits. • A vapour cloud for HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol spill can be formed except for unstable

weather conditions such as typical day-time conditions. • Line rupture downstream of pump, release of Oil, formation of flammable vapour cloud and

possibility of delayed ignition resulting in vapour cloud explosion/flash fire/pool fire.

For Line Tanks • For Line tanks, the 1% fatality distance (12.7kW/m2) for clothed human body and exposure

duration of 10 seconds extends. Calculations indicate that no possibilities of explosive mass from fixed pool area.

Electrical (major/minor) fire in substation/ office • In case of fire in substation /office, shut down the main power line input source forward

towards the Terminal. Use the Protective devices like ACB (air circuit breaker), VCB (vacuum circuit breaker) • Use the discharge proof wires in substation/ office. • Safety officer should act as liaison with the concerned electrical authorities. • Covers the hazards associated with electricity.

Fire in tank manifold of cone roof / floating roof tank • Stop the valve • Stop the pumping operation • Cool the manifold


• Cover oil pool with foam • Shut down the power by cutting of power supply • Stop flow of oil through drains. • Use the fire extinguisher and water jet on manifold • Drain out the product from pipes otherwise temperature may cause burst of pipeline

Product spillage in dyke and as a result of pool fire • Wet down with water of structure close to fire • When spilled product run out from the tank in the dyke area, check the flow not to exceed

from the dyke are, or direct it to the points where it will not endanger structures and the surrounding properties

• Remove the persons working in this area or near to it • Discharge the fire extinguisher and DCP for preventing fire from spreading • Use the water jet for blanketing the area under fire • Discharge the tank product under from other tank

Pipeline/ Flange rapture and heavy leakage • Use the fire extinguisher to prevent the spreading of fire • Stop pumping operation • Cover oil pool with foam • Stop flow of oil through drains • Cover with sands the pipe line exposed to fire. • Drain out the product • Build the earth dyke around the pool to prevent spreading the burning oil, and direct the

spilled product to the points where it will not endanger structures and the surrounding properties

Leakage /Fire in pump house • Switch off the pump house • Drain out the product from pipe line; otherwise it may cause the burst of pipeline. • Report combating team, or emergency response team in charge. WIC-GREEN HELMET. • Cool the area near to the pump house • Use the foam and water to blanketing the area, and preventing the fire occurrence • Dig pits to collect oil • Action to repair/ replace


Heavy leakage/ Fire on TLF bays • Close valves at TLF manifolds, remove hoses, stop loading and unloading operation • Inform the emergency response team- no panic should be prevailed in Terminal • Attack fire immediately with DCP to stop spreading • Remove all TTs immediately from bays point • Whenever TT is under the fire, which cannot shut off, remove the truck to isolate location

and cover with foam

Heavy leakage / fire during tank wagon unloading • Raise the alarm • Stop all loading and unloading operation. Stop hoses, close all valves promptly. • Discharge the DCP and use sand to extinguish the fire • Immediately close the master valve, fill pipe and dome covers of the TW (if possible) and of

the entire tank wagons immediately. • Inform the railways to send locos for isolation of the school tank wagons. • Cool the TW by using water jet to prevent it bursting due to fire. • Cover the oil spilled from TW by foam to prevent it from fire.

Bomb Threat

Function of various authorities in case of bomb threat.

(A) IOCL Authorities • The person noticing an undefined/ unfamiliar object something like bomb should bring it

notice of the available IOCL officials. • The officer should observe the same from a distance and raise alarm to declare emergency in

the terminal. • The officer should cordon off the area and no body should be authorised to go near the

object. • Inform to police and bomb disposal unit. If necessary inform to medical officer, fire brigade,

railways authorities and District collector.

(B) Police Authority • Cordon off the area. • Collect intelligence & surveillance through local contacts. • Assist search team in searching the area and later on help of explosive experts. The response procedures have been detailed in Chapter 4 for various planning topic. These response procedures should be reviewed for the scenarios selected for planning. Mock Drills should be conducted regularly, and based on the results of mock drills the response procedures should be updated and/or other accident scenarios included for planning.


2.5 Mock Drill Exercises Exercises or Drills have two basic functions, namely training and testing. While exercises do provide an effective means of training in response procedures, their primary purpose is to test the adequacy of the emergency management system and to ensure that all response elements are fully capable of managing an emergency situation.

Because drills and exercises simulate actual emergency situations, they are the best means of accomplishing the following goals and objectives:

• To reveal weaknesses in the plans and procedures before emergencies occur. • To identify deficiencies in resources (both in manpower and equipment). • To improve the level of co-ordination among various response personnel, departments and

agencies. • To clarify each individual’s role and areas of responsibility.

The four types of drills and exercises to test the adequacy of the plan are: (1) orientation exercises, (2) tabletop exercises, (3) functional drills, and (4) full-scale exercises. Each of these should be designed to evaluate individuals’ responses to various degrees of simulated emergency conditions in order to test the adequacy of procedures.


CHAPTER 3: ORGANIZATION-DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 Introduction In case of an emergency at Una Terminal, the On-site Emergency Plan of the Terminal will come into action. Effective emergency plan requires that, in the event of an accident, nominated functionaries be given specific responsibilities, often separate from their day-to-day activities. The emergency organization follows the usual pattern of the hierarchy. The senior-most functionary available during an emergency at the Terminal takes charge as Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) and will locate himself at the designated Primary Command Post. The senior most functionaries for each emergency service will act as coordinator and shall report at the Primary Command Post unless otherwise instructed by the Chief Coordinator. The senior most person (operations) in the shift is designated as the Site Incident Controller (SIC). The SIC takes charge of the incident site and takes the overall command. He is supported by other Key persons representing various emergency services. Key persons are personnel available at the site on round the clock basis. It is to be appreciated that the Key Persons remain the front line fighters. The role of various coordinators is to assess the situation from time to time, take appropriate decisions in consultation with the CEC and to provide timely resources to the Key Persons to fight the emergency. Emergency planning also requires coordination with Head Office, Regional Office and other Terminal. The main functionary at head office has been designated as Crisis Coordinator (HO).The main functionary at Regional office has been designated as Crisis Coordinator (RO). Duties and responsibilities of various emergency functionaries have been described in following sub sections. The organizational aspects, duties and responsibilities of various civic authorities for an Off-site emergency response have been given in Chapter 5. In sub section 3.3 below, names of the designated coordinators for each Terminal and head office/ regional office have been listed.

3.2 Duties and Responsibilities for functionaries

The duties and responsibilities of the functionaries are given below: 3.2.1 Crisis Coordinator (HO)

• To establish emergency control center at Head Office. • To supply manpower from Head office as required by CEC. • To arrange mobilization of material and equipment from other units and outside agencies as

required by CEC. • To contact crisis cell of the ministry and inform about the incident, magnitude of disaster,

combating operations and number of casualties if any. • To approve release of information to press, TV and Government agencies.


3.2.2 Crisis Coordinator (RO)

• To establish emergency control center at Regional Office. • To supply manpower from Regional office as required by CEC. • To coordinate with other stations and outside agencies, to arrange mobilization of material

and equipment as required by CEC.

3.2.3 Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC)

• He will report at the command post and will assume overall responsibility of the works and its personnel. His duties are:

• To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop, requiring external assistance. To inform District Emergency Authority (DEA). (i.e. District Collector) in case on-site emergency escalates into off-site emergency.

• To exercise direct operational control over areas in the Terminal other than those affected. • To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if personnel need to be evacuated to

identify safe places. • To continuously review in consultation with the other coordinators. • To liaise with senior officials of Police, Fire Brigade, and Factories Inspectorate and pass on

information on possible effects to the surrounding areas outside the factory premises. • To liaise with various coordinators to ensure casualties are receiving adequate attention and

traffic movement within the Terminal is well regulated. • To arrange for a log of the emergency to be maintained in control room. • To release authorized information to press through the media officer designated. • To control rehabilitation of the affected persons and the affected areas after the emergency. • To obtain assistance from Mutual Aid partners.

3.2.4 Site Incident Controller

He will take overall control of handling the emergency at site. His first task will be the isolation of the source of containment loss to the extent feasible. Simultaneously, in case of fire, he will organize appropriate fire response to get the situation under control and to prevent escalation.

On arrival at the site he will assess the scale of emergency and judge if a major emergency exists or is likely to develop and will inform the control room accordingly asking for assistance and indicating the kind of support needed. His duties and responsibilities include: • To coordinate the activities of other key persons reporting at the incident site, under his


overall command. • To direct all operations within the affected areas giving due priorities for safety of personnel

and to minimize damage to environment, plant and property. • To provide advice and information to Fire & Safety personnel and other fire services as and

when they arrive. • To ensure that all non-essential workers and staff within the affected area are evacuated to

appropriate assembly points and those areas are searched for casualties. • To organize rescue teams for any casualties and to send them to safe areas/medical centre for

first aid and medical relief. • To setup communication points and establish contact with control room. • To seek additional support and resources as may be needed through the control room. • To seek decision support from the control room for decisions such as activation of mutual aid

plan etc. • To preserve all evidence so as to facilitate any inquiry into the cause and circumstance,

which caused or escalated the emergency. (to arrange photographs, video etc.) • To arrange for a head count after the emergency is over with respect to the personnel on duty

in the affected areas.

3.2.5 Fire and Safety Functionary

The main responsibilities of fire and safety functionary are:

• To immediately take charge of all fire fighting operations upon sounding of the alarm. • To instruct the telephone operator to immediately inform all essential personnel not residing

within the audible range of the emergency siren. • To guide the fire fighting crew and provide logistics support for effectively combating the

fire. • To barricade the area at appropriate locations in order to prevent the movement of vehicular

traffic. • To assist in rescue and first aid operations. • To operate the Mutual Aid Scheme and call for additional external help in fire fighting via

the control room. • To organize relieving groups for fire fighting. • To inform the CEC and give "All Clear" signal when the fire emergency is over.

3.2.6 Engineering Functionary (Maintenance)

The engineering functionary will perform the following duties:

• To report at the control room. • To mobilize the team from Maintenance Department to assist the Site Incident Controller.


• To arrange isolation of electric lines from distribution points/substations as required by the Site Incident Controller by calling the electrical engineers/ electricians.

• To provide all other engineering support as may be required.

3.2.7 Communication Functionary

Communication functionary should perform the following duties:

• To ensure all available communication links remain functional. • To quickly establish communication links between incident site and the control room • To ensure that previously agreed inventory of various types of communication equipment is

maintained in working condition and frequent checks carried out and records maintained. • To maintain voice record of significant communications with timings received/passed from

the primary control room. 3.2.8 Medical Functionary

The medical functionary will perform the following:

• To arrange for the First Aid team to treat the affected personnel. • To arrange for treatment in the hospital. • To liaise with the local medical authorities and hospitals, if the casualties are more and the

situation demands treatment at more/other medical centers. • To liaise with the Transport coordinator for transporting the victims to various hospitals. To

arrange for ambulances. • The Medical Coordinator should ensure the upkeep of agreed medical supplies, antidotes and

equipment that should always be kept in stock for treating victims of burns. • To liaise with the Media coordinator for release of news to the press.

3.2.9 Transport Functionary

The Transport functionary shall perform the following duties

• Arrange for Transport of victims to Hospital/Dispensaries • Mobilize all available vehicles available at the Terminal for emergency use, along-with the

drivers. • Arrange for the duty rotation of the drivers to meet with the emergency situation. • To direct refuelling of vehicles, if not topped up. • To arrange for vehicles from Other Sources. • To liaise with the CEC for evacuation of personnel and transportation of victims. 3.2.10 Security Functionary


The Security functionary shall perform the following duties:

• To control traffic movement in/out of the Terminal. To instruct plant security personnel to maintain law and order and prevent unnecessary gathering of personnel not required to be present at the scene of emergency.

• To instruct security personnel, who could be spared, to assist Fire & Safety Coordinator in fire fighting or evacuation of personnel.

• To request for external help/local authorities, if needed, through control room. 3.2.11 Materials Functionary

The Materials functionary will ensure:

• Availability of materials required by the Site Incident Controller. • Issue of materials from warehouse round-the-clock during the emergency period. • Emergency procurements from local dealers or from neighbouring industries. • Transportation of Materials from warehouse to the incident site in Co-ordination with

Transport Coordinator. 3.2.12 Finance Functionary

The Finance functionary shall arrange for:

• Release of finance as directed by the CEC. • Assist Material Coordinator for emergency procurement. • Liaise with Insurance Company personnel. 3.2.13 Welfare Functionary

• Ensure that Casualties receive adequate attention and to arrange additional help (compensation, etc.) if required and inform the relatives.

3.2.14 Mainline Search Party Leader

The mainline search party leader shall perform the following functions: • Lead the search of the location of leak • Assess the magnitude of the leak and give feed back to CEC for further assistance /

mobilization. • Act as Site Incident Controller (until the SIC designated by CEC reaches the incident site). • Arrange to isolate the section of the mainline where leak is detected.


3.3 List of Names of Functionaries List of name of various functionaries with designation and telephone numbers are given below for head office, regional office and Terminals. 3.3.1 Head Office/ Regional Office

Table 3-1: List of Offices/Regional Offices

Sr. No. Designation Office No.

1

2 3 4

3.3.2 Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials

Table 3-2: Contact Details of Una Terminal Officials

Sr. No.

Designation Telephone Nos.

1. 2. 3. 4.

3.3.3 Quick Reaction Team

CHIEF CO-ORDINATOR

ASSISTANCE

FIRE & SAFETY

RESCUE TEAM


CHAPTER 4: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES

4.1 Background The Terminal is storing and distributing HSD, MS, SKO and Ethanol which are all inflammable in nature, due care will be taken in its operation to avoid any mishap which may result in loss of material or loss of life. As such, emergency situation related to pumping operation or storing is a remote possibility.

The main emergencies associated with the storage of HSD, MS, SKO, and Ethanol in tanks are as follows:

• Leakage of tanks due to steam or circumferential weld failure or attempted sabotage.

• Rupture/burst of tanks

• Leakage from valves

The above situations need immediate attention to avoid the following unwanted situations:

• Leakage of HSD, MS, SKO, and Ethanol resulting in huge losses from tanks

• Spreading of the inflammable petroleum products in the vicinity

• Induction of fire hazards in the vicinity

• Pollution of river/canal water, cultivated fields and habitats

• Prolonged disruption in pumping operation.

The designated Primary Command Post where the Chief Coordinator assisted by other designated co-coordinators shall assemble on notification of emergency are as follows: Terminal * Una Marketing Terminal (Himachal Pradesh) Head Office * Mumbai +91-22-26447582/26447886/26447886 Regional Office * Una--080-27970444 The Field Command Post is to be promptly established near the scene of accident. It shall be the nearest office/place having communication facilities to be manned continuously.

The response planning topics covered in this chapter are as follows:

• Initial Notification of Release • Establishment and Staffing of Command Post • Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the incident site


• Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes • Evacuation • Fire Response • Health Care • Personal Protection • Public Relations • Spill Containment and Clean-up • Documentation and Investigative Follow-up • Training In Chapter 2, the accident scenarios for planning response procedures and carrying out mock drill are suggested based on the risk analysis study.

However, it has to be appreciated that no two emergency scenarios are going to be alike since the escalation process depends upon a large number of variables including the response actions. It is therefore, not only impossible but also dangerous to lay down clear-cut responses applicable to all situations. For each emergency situation spot decisions will need to be taken often under high stress conditions.

4.2 Initial Notification of Releases In case of emergency in Terminal Any person noticing a fire, explosion or the release of hazardous materials should shout “LEAK” or "FIRE” and will break the glass of the nearest fire point. He will also inform the control room on the nearest telephone and the panel officer will inform SIC. Action by Individual Employee at the time of emergency

When you notice FIRE

or LEAKAGE

Please DO (√)

• Break the nearest fire alarm point glass. • Immediately inform the control room. • Act to control the incident as per the instructions. • Reach the assembly point.

Please DO NOT (x)

• Get panicky or spread rumors. • Approach control room without work.


• Engage telephone or loud phone continuously.

4.3 Establishment and Staffing of Field Command Post • Quickly establish a field command post near the scene of incident. The minimum that is

necessary is a continuously manned communication system close to the incident site.

• It is the responsibility of the response personnel at the Field Command Post to restrict the entry or movement of people into the Hazard zone. The first step of a response action must be restriction of access to the spill site and other hazardous areas.

• Security and access control at Field Command Post and Primary Command Post need to be provided

4.4 Formulation of Response Objectives and Strategy at the Incident Site • It is the responsibility of the CEC to decide on the appropriate response strategy specific to

the situation prevailing. It is important to assess each particular incident before taking action. • CEC in consultation with the Site Incident Controller will formulate realistic response

objectives. The assessment should be based on resource requirement i.e., trained personnel and protective gear.

General Upon completion of the incident assessment, command personnel will be in a better position to determine whether their response strategy should be defensive or offensive in nature. A defensive posture is best taken when intervention may not favorably affect the outcome of the incident, or is likely to place emergency response personnel in significant danger, and/or may possibly cause more harm than good. An offensive posture (i.e., one requiring response personnel to work well within the boundaries of hazard zones) is best taken when intervention is likely to result in a favorable outcome without exposing personnel to undue danger and without causing new and potentially more severe problems. In all cases, of course, actions to protect the public and environment outside the immediate spill or discharge area and/or to contain the hazard from a safe distance can be initiated regardless of whether a defensive or offensive response strategy is chosen at the actual incident site

4.5 Ensuring Health and Safety at Incident Scenes The results of hazard analysis will be used to identify the vulnerable zone. Based on incident-specific factors, the exact size and configuration of hazard control zones will be determined. The Hazard Control Zones have been defined below.

The CEC will formulate safe operating procedures for a site safety and health program that addresses the following.

• The use of appropriate protective gear and equipment • Limiting the number of personnel in the “Hot” and “Warm” hazard control zones.


• Utilizing the most experienced personnel for the most hazardous tasks. • Positioning a backup team in the “Warm Zone” in case it is needed to assist or rescue

personnel in the “Hot Zone”. • Providing medical surveillance for personnel before and after “Hot” and “Warm” Zone

operations. • Monitoring (visually and through communications contact) the welfare of personnel

operating within the “Hot” and “Warm’ Zones. • Ensuring that all personnel understand their assignments. • Ensuring that responders do not ingest contaminants through eating, drinking, or inhaling. • Replacing fatigued personnel with “fresh” personnel. • Adjusting hazard control zones to reflect changing conditions.

Hazard Control Zones

• “Hot Zone” - Area of maximum hazard surrounding the damaged container(s) or fire area, which may only be, entered by specially equipped and trained response personnel.

• “Warm Zone” - Area of moderate hazard outside the Hot Zone in which properly equipped and trained backup crews’ standby and decontamination takes place.

• “Cold Zone” - Area outside the Warm Zone that poses minimal or negligible hazards to emergency personnel. The primary Command post, most of the deployed apparatus, and the resource staging area should be located in the Cold Zone.

4.6 Evacuation Of Area • In case of an On-site emergency, the order to evacuate to a safe place will be given by the

Chief Coordinator in consultation with other coordinators.

• In case of an Off-site emergency, the order to evacuate to a safe place will be given by the District Emergency Authority in consultation with Chief Coordinator in consultation with other coordinators.

• Accident scenarios covered in ‘Risk Assessment study’ can be a key source of information for evacuation planning where specific facilities are known to pose a threat. The size and shape of the vulnerable zone for selected scenarios are presented in Risk Assessment Report and have been summarized in Risk Assessment summary, Appendix B of this document.

Evacuation and shelter-in-place decisions are incident specific and must

• Be made at the time of an actual release. Guidance obtained from consequence analysis may be considered a starting point for the decision process.

Some general guidelines in case of fire are:

Only Personnel in close vicinity and affected by heat radiation need be evacuated to safe distances. Non-essential personnel will usually be evacuated from the incident area and also from


adjacent areas. Evacuation should be to a predetermined assembly point in a safe part of the complex. Assembly points marked on the plot plan should be appropriately displayed.

• For serious injury cases, evacuation to hospital will be carried out by the response personnel. • Chief Coordinator should designate one individual to record all personnel arriving at the

assembly point so that the information can be passed to the Primary Command Post. • At the Primary Command Post, a nominated person should collect the lists of personnel

arriving at the assembly points with those involved in the incident. These should then be checked against the roll of those believed to be on-site, updated with known changes for that day. Where it is possible that missing people might have been in the area of emergency, the site incident controller should be informed and arrangements made to organize a further search.

4.7 Fire Response • All available fire fighting resources will be mobilized in minimum time by head of fire

fighting services at the time of emergency. The fire fighting arrangements including manpower and resources have been organized to deal with worst scenarios like the largest tank in Terminal on fire.

• Fire department need to be well prepared and experienced in rescuing people from fire and explosion situations.

General Water is not suitable for extinguishing petroleum fires, though it may be used to keep surroundings cool and prevent the spread of fire to them. Adequate number of portable dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers and foam concentrate need to be stocked. The quantity of foam requirement should be such as per OISD(117/118) guidelines.

4.8 Health Care • Requisite medical resources will be mobilized under the overall charge of the Health and

Medical functionary.

• The operational response will be coordinated from the control room.

4.9 Personal Protection • Specific skills need to be developed for the safe use of protective clothing through training

and experience. • The CEC will arrange for rapid availability of appropriate protective clothing in the event of

an emergency.

4.10 Public Relations • CEC will designate one specific individual as the Media Officer. • The designated Media Officer only will speak to media personnel. The Media officer should


ensure orderly and accurate dissemination of information. The “do’s” and “don’ts” on how to deal with the media are discussed below.

• The CEC should understand the need to relay up-to-date “status reports” to the Media Officer on a regular basis.

THINGS TO DO:

• Accommodate the media as much as possible; make the news available to them. • Schedule news conferences and preferably avoid written releases. • Be direct and specific. • Have news conferences immediately after any meeting from which the media or public have

been barred. • Send a press representative to the Primary control room. • If safety permits, allow the media to take pictures of the accident site.

THINGS NOT TO DO

• Do not permit arguments among public officials or press officials from different organizations in front of the press. Do, however, permit statements of dissenting opinions.

• Avoid giving gut opinions or conjecturing. • Do not be evasive. If the answer to a question is not known, refer the question to someone

who has the appropriate answer. • Do not be critical in a personal manner; i.e., avoid personal remarks about other people at the

accident scene. • Do not be philosophical. These kinds of discussions are extremely susceptible to being

quoted out of context. • Do not make off-the-record comments. They may end up in print with later retractions

buried in the back pages. • Avoid friendly chats with media people. Casual comments may appear in print. • Avoid bad or foul language. • Do not hide from the media. They can sense this and form an unfavorable opinion of the

Media Officer as a credible source of news. • Do not answer questions beyond personal knowledge or expertise. • Do not permit media persons to attend emergency response team meetings.

4.11 Spill Containment And Cleanup • Trained personnel who are at ease in handling flammable liquids need to be mobilized.

Plugging and stopping of leakage and containment of the spill should be attended to with great speed while taking all measures to prevent ignition.

• CEC will assign responsibility to one or more individuals for identifying methods of plugging or stopping leaks, assembling the materials and supplies necessary for this task and training for their use under emergency conditions. A minimum inventory of these items should be maintained at the Terminal.


• Upon detection of hydrocarbon leakage/fire, the immediate actions to take are: • Isolate the system • Depressurize all affected equipments • It is the responsibility of the CEC to identify the rapid availability of bulldozers or the

earthmoving equipment capable of building dikes or digging trenches, properly equipped work crews with shovels or other equipment to build dikes or dig trenches, plastic sheeting or other compatible materials that can be used to line dikes, basins, or trenches used to collect liquids.

• Plan for rapid sealing of drains and sewer openings to prevent entry of oil. • Where necessary, plan for the rapid plugging of sections of storm drains to limit the

spreading of Oil that have entered a drainage system. • Where necessary, arrange for rapid availability of waterborne spill containment equipment

and supplies such as spill containment booms, sorbent material, sand bags and other potentially necessary items.

• It is the responsibility of the CEC to identify the rapid availability of pumps, hoses, gulley suckers, temporary storage containers (or alternatively, vacuum trucks) to recover pools or other accumulations of hazardous liquids, properly equipped work crews with appropriate equipment, drums or other containers to hold contaminated solids, soil, or leaking packages, absorbent materials, sorbents, sand bags, earthmoving equipment, including dump trucks.

• As and if necessary, arrange for rapid availability of spill treatment and cleanup services.

4.12 Documentation and Investigative Follow Up • CEC will assign responsibility to a functionary for real-time and post-incident documentation

of the accident and resulting response actions.

• The responsible person will adopt appropriate reporting forms and procedures giving detailed records of what happened and what actions were taken in response.

General:

Detailed records of what happened and what actions were taken in response can help in: • Attempting to recover response costs and damages from the party responsible for the

incident. • Setting the record straight where there are charges of negligence or mismanagement resulting

from the incident. • Reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of response actions. • Preparing for future incident responses. • Verifying facts, actions, injuries, equipment used, etc. for the purpose of legal proceedings,

insurance claims, budget requests, and public inquiries.


4.13 Training • Training sessions need to be provided in which personnel are briefed on their specific duties

in an emergency. • To provide training to all emergency responders. The concerned personnel are shown how to

wear and properly use personal protective clothing and devices. • Periodic drills to be conducted to test the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the

emergency response plan and emergency response capabilities. General:

The types of training required for emergency response personnel with responsibilities in any or all phases of the response is based upon the types of incidents most likely to occur and the related response and planning activities. The selection of accident scenarios for emergency planning has been discussed in Appendix B.

Responsibility, Frequency and Procedure for Evaluation

The CEC is responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of the on-site emergency plan. Emergency mock drill should be conducted at an interval of six months. Experts should be invited to observe the mock drill in order to know their response and opinion. The recommendations following the discussions will help to identify the loopholes in the plan and response capability of the organization. Such periodic recommendations of the mock drill should be kept in order to update the plan.

The CEC should be responsible to update their on-site emergency plan regularly. A regular review of the plan at least once in a year should be carried out to replace outdated information or to incorporate the results of mock drill.


CHAPTER 5: OFF-SITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE

5.1 Introduction and Definition of Off-Site Emergency

An emergency, which is likely to develop or has developed such as to pose a threat to members of the public outside the facility boundary, is termed as an Off-site emergency. This distinction needs to be clearly appreciated. Whereas the responsibility for handling an On-site emergency is clearly that of the operating company, the responsibility for an Off-site emergency response lies with the civic authorities. Off-site emergency response needs actions by various Government agencies over which the operating company has no control. This Chapter briefly describes the organizational aspects, duties and responsibilities of various civic authorities for an Off-site emergency response. The objective is to familiarize personnel with off-site emergency organization, and their legal responsibility to enable IOCL personnel to dovetail their efforts in an effective and orderly fashion while assisting the civic authorities.

5.2 Legal Authority and Responsibility For Off-Site Emergency Response Legislation In India

Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules‘were promulgated in November, 1989 and ‘Rules on Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents’ in 1996. Under the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules‘ preparation of ‘Off-site Emergency Plan’ is covered in Rule No.14. The duty of preparing and keeping up to date the ‘Off-site Emergency Plan’ as per this rule is placed on the District Emergency Authority (DEA). Also, occupiers are charged with the responsibility of providing the above authority with such information, relating to the industrial activity under their control, as they may require for preparing the off-site emergency plan. Under the ‘Rules on Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents’ as gazetted in notification dated 1st August 1996 Central Crisis Group (CCG), State Crisis Group (SCG), District Crisis Group (DCG) and Local Crisis Group (LCG) need to be constituted for management of chemical accidents. The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal Ministry for management of chemical disasters in the country. In order to respond adequately during a major chemical emergency, a coordinated effort at local, District, State and Central levels is needed and all available resources need be mobilized to deal with the crisis in the shortest possible time with least adverse effects. The Joint Secretary in the MoEF responsible for Hazardous Substance Management is the Member Secretary of the CCG. The Group functions under the chairmanship of Union Secretary (Environment & Forests). Similarly, a SCG and the DCG has to be constituted in every Stateand at district levels. The LCG will be the body in the


industrial pocket to deal with chemical accidents and co-ordinate efforts in planning, preparedness and mitigation of a chemical accident. The Major Accident Hazard (MAH) installations in the industrial pockets will aid, assist and facilitate functioning of the LCG. As per the rules, the functions of the LCG are detailed below:

• Prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket. • Ensure dovetailing of the local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan. • Train personnel involved, in chemical accident management. • Educate the population, likely to be affected in a chemical accident, about the remedies and

existing preparedness in the area. • Conduct at least one full-scale mock drill every six months and forward a report to the DCG. • Respond to all public inquiries on the subject.

Similarly, the DCG, SCG and the CCG will provide expert guidance for handling major chemical accidents. The DCG and the SCG will assist the district administration and the State Government administration in the management of chemical accidents. The CCG, the apex body in the Centre will render all financial and infrastructure help as may be necessary in a state in case of an accident.

5.3 Off-Site Emergency Plan Objectives The overall goal is to prevent loss of life or damage to health, promote social well being, avoid property damage, and ensure environmental safety around MAH units in the Industrial area during emergency. Its specific objectives are:

• To establish emergency response plan in the local area • To provide information to the concerned members of the local area e.g. LCG members on the

hazards involved in industrial operations in its neighbourhood and the measures taken to reduce these risks.

• Increase industry involvement in emergency response planning. • Involve LCG members in the development, testing and implementation of the overall

emergency response plan.

Emergencies could arise due to different types of chemical accidents and it is not practicable to develop complete detailed response procedures for every conceivable type of emergency situation. However, advance planning can create a high order of preparedness to limit and minimize the adverse effects of an emergency caused by a chemical accident. Emergency plans are not static documents and need to be updated from lessons learnt during drills, experiences and other sources. A good communication system, training and understanding of emergency procedures, regular interaction between Government agencies and industries, education of the


public and high degree of availability of emergency equipment are the key areas for effective off-site emergency preparedness.

5.4 Important Government Agencies Involved In Off-Site Emergency Actions In the implementation of the Off-site Emergency Plan, the district collector is designated as the DEA. The following members of the crisis group will also invariably assist DEA: • Police Warning and Advice to the Public-Security measures;

Rescue & Evacuation • Head of Fire Services Help the industry concerned in fire fighting operations

and rescue • Medical Officer Treatment of affected persons • Head of Civil Defense Rescue and Evacuation operations • Head of Electricity Board Ensuring uninterrupted power supply or de-energize

power supply as required

5.5 Responsibility of DEA In case of an offsite emergency, the On-Site Chief Emergency Coordinator located at respective pump station will report the matter to the DEA or as specified in the Off-site emergency plan. The DEA will initiate the action plan to combat the emergency. The various responsibilities are: • Take overall responsibility for combating the offsite emergency. • Direct the police and fire personnel to combat the emergency. • Arrange, if necessary, for warning and evacuating of the public, by the Department of Police. • Direct the team of Doctors headed by the Medical Officer • Direct the Chief of Transport Corporation to arrange for transportation of victims and

evacuation of people trapped within the hazard zone. • Direct the Electricity Board official to give uninterrupted power supply. • Direct the official in-charge to provide uninterrupted water supply as required. • Direct the Revenue Officer and the Supply officer to provide safe shelters, food and other life

sustaining requirements for the evacuees if required. • Nominate a press office

5.6 Responsibility of Crisis Group The responsibilities of the members of the crisis group are:

• To develop an integrated response strategy based on the available information. • To plan deployment of field units to ensure the availability of appropriate force to deal with

the situation. • To co-ordinate the functioning of the various agencies. • To deal with crisis. • To monitor the progress till the crisis ends.


5.7 List of Telephone Numbers of Outside Agencies around the Terminal Table 5-1: Important Contacts

Sr. No. Department Contact Numbers 1 Head Office/ Regional Office 2 District Collector 01975-225800 3 Police Station 9418119459 4 Fire Station 01975-228101 5 Hospitals (Government Primary Health Centre) 9418457290 6 Ambulance 9816173330 7 Drug Stores 9318510617 8 Power Houses 01975-238509 9 Civil Authorities 01975-225800


ANNEXURE-III

AIR MONITORING

RESULTS

1

ANNEXURE – III: AIR MONITORING RESULTS

The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines

given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise,

water and land quality in the study area were collected by primary sampling/field studies during

the period of March 2015 to June 2015.

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential

component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact

assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected

over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in

time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable

data collected very close to the site.

Ambient Air and Noise Sampling Locations of the Study Area

SN Location Location Code Distance, Km Direction

1 Project Site A1 0 Center

2 Ajauli A2 9.10 SE

3 Rampur A3 4.24 NE

4 Una A4 6.49 NE

5 Sanokhghar A5 9.23 SE

6 Hiroli A6 2.18 NE

7 Dharampur A7 7.35 NW

8 Fatehpur A8 5.14 SE

9 Mehatapur A9 6.1 E

10 Pallakwah A10 2.30 SW

2

• Air Monitoring Results

1. Project Site

Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO Arsenic Lead Banzene Benzo(a)

pyrene Nickel

16

march 75 22 3 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

17 73 23 2 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND


24 72 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND


31


6

April 71 24 3 8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND






27 78 20 1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

28


4

May 72 21 2 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND




18 72 19 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND



26

May 69 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

1

June 70 20 2 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND



9


3

2. Ajauli


pyrene Nickel

16

march 70 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND





31


6








28


4








26


1




9


4

3. Rampur


pyrene Nickel

16






31


6








28


4








26


1


2 65 17 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND


9


5

4. Una


pyrene Nickel

16






31


6








28


4








26


1




9


6

5. Sanokhgarh


pyrene Nickel

16






31


6








28


4








26


1




9

June 67 18 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

7

6. Haroli


pyrene Nickel

16





30 70 19 ND 5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

31


6








28


4








26


1




9

June 74 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

8

7. Dharampur


pyrene Nickel

16






31


6








28


4








26


1

June 69 27 ND 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND



9

June 69 25 ND 3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

9

8. Fatehpur


pyrene Nickel

16



23 78 30. 1 4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND



31


6








28


4








26


1




9


10

9. Mehatapur


pyrene Nickel

16



23 74 25. 4 7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND



31


6








28

April 71 24 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

4








26


1




9


11

10. Pallakwah


pyrene Nickel

16






31


6








28


4








26


1




9


Date post:	31-Dec-2016
Category:	Documents
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