Presented By: VIMAL KUMARECE 7TH SEM

CONTENTS: 1) Introduction2) Railway Signaling3) Interlocking 4) Train Traffic Control5) Communication System 6) Microwave Transmission7) Optical Fiber Communication

INTRODUCTION : FOUNDED IN 16TH APRIL,1853(ABOUT 161 YEARS

AGO).

HEAD QUARTER IS IN NEW DELHI,INDIA.

REVENU IS 1441.67 BILLION INC (2013-2014).

PROFIT IS 157.8 BILLION INC (2013-2014).

ABOUT 1.307 MILLION EMPLOYEES (2014).

THERE ARE 17 RAILWAY ZONES.

Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned enterprise, owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways.

It is the world's Fourth largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km of track over a route of 65,436 km and 7,172 stations.

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to Thane.

Indian Railways is the world's ninth largest commercial or utility employer, by number of employees.

RAILWAY SIGNALING: A signal is a mechanical or electrical device erected

besides are railway line to pass information relating to the state of the line ahead to train.

It is a system use to safely direct railway traffic in order to prevent trains from colliding.

AUTOMATIC SIGNAL SYSTEM:

TYPES OF SIGNAL:1. BLOCK SIGNAL2. TRAIN DETECTION 3. FIXED SIGNAL4. MECHANICAL SIGNAL5. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL6. CAB SIGNAL

INTERLOCKING: An interlocking is an arrangement of

signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings.

Interlocking system used mechanical device both to operated the signaling device and ensure their safe operation.

Electrical relay interlocking were used.

1. RRI means the station is interlocked and worked with control panel located in RRI office.

2. Control panel has a geometrical layout of the entire yard controlled by route interlocking.

3. Indication Panel is the points setting of the route approach locking and provides in front of the SM(panel).

4. Points which is yard expect hand operated points are power operated and worked from the RRI cabin.

5. Crank Handle Interlocking is the yard of the point machine has been group into various group . One crank handle of a one group can not be use on the point machine of another group.

6. Track Circuit on the indication panel are mark in different color and are provide with indication lamp.

TYPE OF INTERLOCKING

7. Relay is an electrical switch that open and close under the control of another electrical signal.

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL: Railway control circuit are omnibus

telephone circuits, which provides communication with each train working point.

They should provide satisfactory and reliable communication between the controller and various way side station , important signal cabin, loco sheds, yard offices.

TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM:

1. Section Control/Train Control2. Deputy Control3. Traction Loco Control4. S&T Control5. Emergency Control6. Emergency Wireless Control

Communication

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: The process of sending and receiving

signal between two station through different medium in known as communication system.

In communication system there are three essential components that should be consider.

1. Sending (Tx)2. Receiving (Rx) 3. Medium

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY

• Optical Systems• Microwave Systems• Wireless Media• Radio System• Telephone Systems• Passenger Information• Public Address Systems• Signal Post Telephones

Over Head communicationUnderground Communication

Microwave Communication

Optical Communication

OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION:Microwave communication system is to

transmitted information from one place to another place without interruption and

clear reproduction at the receiver.

MICROWAVE SYSTEMS

• Microwave communication is line of signal radio communication.

• Microwave communication can be analog or digital.

Propagation Types 1.Ground wave propagation

2.Line of signal propagation

3.Sky wave propagation

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:Microwave transmission refers to the technology

of transmitting information or energy by the use of electromagnetic waves whosewavelengths are

conveniently measured in small numbers of centimetre, these are called microwaves. This part of the radio

spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly 1.0 GHz to 30 GHz.

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION:

Optical fiber communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The

light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.

There is two types of optical fiber:

OPTICAL FIBER:

1. SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest typically 1300- 1320 nm.

2. MULTI MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which light waves are dispersed into numerous path or modes as travel through the cables core typically 850 or 1300 nm.

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