Individual behavior & organizational ethics

Individual BehaviorDefinitionIndividual Behavior is a combination of responses to external and internal stimuli.Individual behavior means some real action by a person.The behavior of an individual is influenced by various factors, some of the factors lie within himself like her/his character, internal feelings etc. While some lie outside him comprising the external environment of which she/he is part.

Individual Differences and Work Behavior

Individual differences have a direct effect on behavior

People who perceive things differently behave differently

People respond differently to commands

People with different personalities interact differently with others, bosses, co-workers, subordinates, and customers

Behavior of an Individual in a Medical Setup

Everyone in a health care should have a responsibilities.

Running a health care organization, it is important that all members of the team weather on the medical staff, management, understand the role of governance.

Nursing Error in a Medical FacilityDefine:Simply error is estimated difference between the observed or calculated value of a something and its true value.Nursing error refers to when a nurse gives a patient improper treatment, generally unintentionally.This can include giving the wrong medication or the wrong dosage of a medication, or mixing up paperwork like lab results and patient files. In many cases, error is not even discovered if the patient does not have any adverse side effects or physical damages.

What is a nursing error?A mistake that is made by a nurse that:

Can affect the outcome of somethingCauses an adverse effectIs a result of poor judgmentIs potentially permanent

Nursing ErrorsMedication administration:

Given at wrong time, wrong patient

Lack of documentation of administration and given more than once

Not given at allGiven at incorrect site i.e.

intravenous injection in a subcutaneous site.

Patient neglectIgnore what the patient is saying

Cont…..Failure to report and monitor

for worseningCommunicating ineffectively

with family and colleagues during delivery of care

Careless documentation, inaccurate, not in a timely manner, and/or failure to document completely

Some people believe that applying ethics is just a matter of applying ethical principles to situations. But this is not true. One reason for this is the fact that there is no generally accepted ethical theory. And, different ethical theories might very well result in different judgments. So what should we do if we run into a new case? Well, we can apply our ethical theories to it. But we should be open to the possibility that the new case might reveal a flaw in our theory. Therefore, you should never blindly apply an ethical theory and rely on the outcome. Now you may wonder, what are ethical theories good for anyway? Ethical theories may function as instruments in discovering the ethical aspects of a problem/situation. (For example, applying consequentalism is a good way to explore the consequences of actions.) Similarly, ethical theories may suggest certain rguments/reasons that can play a role in moral judgments.

Standards for Ethical Argumentation At the most basic level, we are concerned in distinguishing things

that are morally required or permitted from those things that are morally prohibited. The arguments position to make these distinctions must meet certain standards. These standards are applicable to all moral argumentation including at the case level. The minimal standards include:

• Impartiality/objectivity • Fairness/consistency • Material comprehensiveness • Universality.

Impartiality/objectivity refers to a lack of partisanship—the ability and the willingness to consider all sides in an argument without prejudice or preference. Impartiality is often used to refer to a lack of intolerance, bias, or prejudgment.

Fairness refers to the principle that morally similar problems and situations be treated similarly. Judgments in similar, but not identical circumstances may differ but should differ only in relation to the materiality of the differences and should have clear justification for the divergence.

Universality refers to the idea that ethical arguments have to to be tested for universal applicability; at the very least they should be consistent and applicable across all materially similar situations.

Material comprehensiveness refers to the obligation to have all material data and information prior to undertaking a decision or a judgment. It is important to distinguish between the wish to have all data in hand and the importance of having all material data in hand.