DIR E C T OR A T E G E N E R A L OF SUR V E ILLA N C E F OR MA R IN E A N D F ISHE R Y R E SOUR C E S
MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES
Indonesian Efforts In Combating IUU Fishing
Ida Kusuma Executive Secretary of the Directorate General of Surveillance
for Marine and Fisheries Resources
WCPFC
IOTC
CCSBT
Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zones
Territorial Waters
DGoS and POLICE DGoS and Navy
Coordinated by BAKORKAMLA
X v
x x
Terri-torial
Waters
DGoS - RFMOs
X x
Exclusive Economic Zone High Seas
Small Scale Indonesian Fishing Fleet (IFF) [± 95%] Indonseian Fishing Fleet (IFF) [> 5 % and mostly < 300 GT]
Foreign Fishing Fleet (FFF) Foreign Fishing Fleet (FFF) Flying Indonesian Flag
Archipelagic Waters
v
v x v
FFV flying Indonesian flag operated illegally, both in
national waters or high seas
Fake Documen (two fishing vessels with the same name
and number)
FFV in Indonesian name operated illegally within the national jurisdiction
... continue
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The State of Indonesian Fisheries
• Overfishing and overcapacity
• IUU fishing practices, both by FFV and IFV
• Marine environment degradation
• Poverty of Fisherfolks
• Numbers of fishing vessels > 30 GT: ± 5.147 units and < 30 GT: ±179.131 units
• Under utilization of national fishing industries due to sort of raw materials [30-40%]
According to the UN, 99% of worldwide annual commercial ocean catch comes from coastal
waters, within 200 nautical miles of the coastline.
Issues
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IUU Fishing Practices Fishing without legal permit, illegal entry into Indonesian
waters poaching Unauthorized fishing gears, in unauthorized fishing
ground, port of call Fake documents regarding transfered of foreign fishing
vessels, document falsification, manipulation of prerequisite to conduct fishing activities (DC, Bill of Sale)
Unauthorized transshipment at sea Double flagging or sailing under Indonesian flags either in
Indonesian waters or in high seas Fictitious company address and forgery of documents
issued by other institutions Destructive fishing practices: bombing/blast fishing,
cyanide, etc.
Impacts of IUU Fishing Economic losses ±US $ 40 billion/year*) Overfishing dan overcapacity decline of catch per-unit
effort (CPUE) Incompetitiveness of fishery businesses weaken
competitiveness of National Fishing Industries Affect Traditional Livelihood fisher folks remains
suffering of poverty Increase competition and conflict among local fisherfolks
Marine ecosystem and fish stocks degradation Disadvantage for due to lost of: opportunity to develop
national fisheries, opportunity to use income generates for poverty alleviation and development, tax and levy
Reduced profitability of fisheries, reduced economic rent and fleet efficiency, and less than optimal use of scarce national resources;
Declining levels of production reducing employment both at sea and on shore (fishing industries).
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Law no. 31 year 2004: Fisheries, as amended by Law no. 45 year 2009
Law no. 27 year 2007: Coastal and Small Island Management, as amended by Law no. 1 year 2014
UNCLOS’ 1982 Law of the Sea Convention FAO, Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries [CCRF], 1995
FAO, International Plan of Action (IPOA) to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate IUU Fishing, 2001 [Seabirds, Sharks, Capacity, IUU]
FAO, Compliance Agreement, 1993
FAO, Fish Stocks Agreement, 1995
UNGA Resolutions
EC Regulation 1005/2008
FAO, Port State Measures, 2005
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Some Ministerial Act, concerning: Capture Fisheries, Logbooks, Fishing Area and Fishing Gears, Vessel Monitoring System, Legal Form for Fishing Operation, National Plan of Action (NPOA) to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate IUU Fishing 2012-2016, Surveillance for Coastal and Small Islands Area, Fishing Vessels Registration and Marking, Fisheries and Its Habitat Conservation, Observer Program, etc.
1. Review and revitalize Fisheries Acts 2. Strengthen and Develop Surveillance
Technical Implementing Units 3. Capacity building for fisheries
inspectors and fisheries investigators 4. Regional Cooperation:
a. Joint Regional Fisheries Manage-ment Organizations (RFMOs): IOTC, CCSBT, WCPFC, IATTC
b. Establish Regional Plan of Action (RPOA)* to promote responsible fishing practices including combating IUU fishing
5. Actively Involved in the Regional and International Forum (ASEAN, APEC, CTI-CFF, IORC, FAO)
6. Implementation of the EC regulation, and considering to ratify PSMA
1. MCS Implementation:VMS*, Observer, Logbook, Port Inspection
2. Enhance effective MCS: before fishing, while fishing, during landing, and post landing
3. Surveillance Infrastructures 4. Integrated Surveillance Systems in
cooperation with relevant institutions 5. Facilitate and strengthen community
based surveillance groups [POKMAS-WAS] including enhance local wisdom initiative
6. Joint patrol with related institutions to conduct surveillance and law enforce-ment at sea
7. Coordinated patrol with neighbouring countries
8. Establish 10 (ten) fisheries courts
MCS Strategy
Monitoring Control Surveillance
Management Plan
Scientific Research
Fishery Management
Policy
Fishery Before fishing – While fishing – During landing – Post landing
Fish Stock
Habitat
Fisheries Management Focus on • MCS (Monitoring, Control and
Surveillance) • Community based co-management • Rights-based fisheries management • Ecosystem approach to Fisheries
Management
RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES
INDONESIA’s COMMITMENTS: 1. Priority seascapes designated and
effectively managed 2. Ecosystem approach to management
of fisheries (EAFM) and other marine resources fully applied
3. Marine protected areas (MPAs) established and effectively managed
4. Climate change adaptation measures achieved
5. Threatened species status improving
CORAL TRIANGLE INITIATIVES on coral reefs, fisheries and food security
1. Indonesia 2. Malaysia
3. Papua New Guinea 4. The Philippines
5. The Solomon Islands 6. Timor-Leste.
Other Initiatives and Programm: Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Coral Reef Rehabilitation and
Management Program Ecosystem Approach to Fisheriy
Management
Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)
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YEAR INSPECTED
[units] ARRESTED [units]
IFV FFV IFV + FFV 2005 344 91 24 115 2006 1.447 83 49 132 2007 2.207 95 88 183 2008 2.178 119 124 243 2009 3.961 78 125 203 2010 2.253 24 159 183 2011 3.348 30 76 106 2012 4.326 42 70 112 2013 3.871 24 44 68
2014* 300 5 7 12 JUMLAH 24.235 591 766 1.357
Vessels Committed IUU Fishing
Radar Sighting
Airborne Surveillance
Difficulties FFV:
Electronic evidence solely could not be used for bringing the offender to the court
IFV: Vessel Monitoring System can only track the “co-operative objects”, licenced fishing vessels. To identify the “non-cooperative objects”, requires more sophisticated equipments using satelite support.
Geographic area with vast area, multi species and multi gears, predominatedly by artisanal fisheries/small scale fisheries
Surveillance at sea is very expensive requires strong political will to combat IUU fishing, both towards FFV and IFV.
Regional Plan of Action (RPOA) to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices
including Combating IUU Fishing in the Southeast Asia Region Enhance and Strengthen the overall level
of fisheries management in the region Promote responsible fishing practices
to sustain fisheries resources and
marine environment to optimise the benefit of adopting
responsible fishing practices
Managing Fishing Capacity
Combating IUU Fishing
Conservation of Fisheries Resources and Their Environment
1. understanding the current resource and management situation in the region
2. implementation of international and regional instruments
3. implementing Coastal State measures
4. enforcing Flag State responsibilities
5. developing Port State measures
6. considering regional market measures
7. developing regional capacity building
8. strengthening monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) systems
9. controlling transhipment at sea.
Endorsed by 11 Ministers Responsible for Fisheries (Bali, May 2007)
Action:
Promote the implementation of IPOA-IUU through NPOA-IUU
RPOA – a Regional Cooperation
Take principles from international fisheries instruments (e.g. IPOA IUU Fishing)
Enhance and strengthen the overall level of fisheries management in the region [South China Sea, Sulu-Sulawesi Seas and Arafura-Timor Seas].
Highlight Flag States, Coastal States, and Port States responsibilities in addressing IUU fishing.
Handling Illegal Fishing in the
maritime border
VIET NAM
AUSTRALIA
CHINA
THAILAND
PHILIPPINES
TURKI
MALAYSIA
EU NIGERIA
Coordinated monitoring, prevention
of IUU Fishing and capacity building
Prevention, deterence and abolition of IUU
Fishing
Eradication of IUU Fishing action
Eradication of IUU Fishing action
Eradication of IUU Fishing action
Best Practice Sharing about monitoring of marine and fisheries
resources
Bilateral Cooperation
Improving support to monitoring and managing fishing
capacity
Monitoring of marine and fisheries resources and prevention of IUU
Fishing acion
Fisheries Manage-ment, MCS and Capa-city Building on Com-
bating IUU Fishing
Agence Francaise de Developement (AFD): CLS ARGOS, Satelite Technology – Infrastructure Develop-ment for Space Oceanography (INDESO) Project
Fisheries Trade FRENCH
Eradication of IUU Fishing action
Potential Cooperation
Information Exchange
Raising Awarenes
Strengthen Capacity
Coastal & Flag State Responsibility: • MCS Network Development • IUU vessel watch • Global Record Fishing Vessels
Regional PIC Development
Regional Capacity Building: • PSMA • Strengthening MCS
Policy Recommendation Re-asessment of the Impact of IUU Fishing
Area
of C
oope
ratio
n
Title: Re-assessment of the true costs of Indonesian IUU Fishing Rationale: Indonesian - one of “the big three” of Southeast Asian fishing nations, (Komatsu,
2013) contribution to national GDP is merely around 3%.
Estimated economic loss due to IUU fishing varies from US $ 2-5 billion annually.
Only ± 39% of Indonesian fishing water is considered free from IUU and destcrutive fishings.
Impact on economic, environment , and socio-economic aspects.
Challenges: considered to be a “spending” instead of a “cost recovery” activity less priority.
Action Required: RE-ASSESS the impact of IUU fishing from economic, ecological and social perspectives.
Expected Outcome: The real and comprehensive pictures of economic loss from IUU fishing, to provide policy makers a platform for the improvement in fisheries management in the country, to implement responsible fisheries measures comprehensively, including appropriate monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS).
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